José Guillermo Ortega

Influence of regular aerobic exercise on endothelium-dependent vasodilation and cardiorespiratory fitness in pregnant women

Aim:  To evaluate the effect of regular aerobic exercise on the endothelial function and cardiorespiratory fitness in pregnant women.

A factorial randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of micronutrients supplementation and regular aerobic exercise on maternal endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and oxidative stress of the newborn

BackgroundMany studies have suggested a relationship between metabolic abnormalities and impaired fetal growth with the development of non-transmissible chronic diseases in the adulthood. Moreover, it has been proposed that maternal factors such as endothelial function and oxidative stress are key mechanisms of both fetal metabolic alterations and subsequent development of non-transmissible chronic diseases. The objective of this project is to evaluate the effect of micronutrient supplementation and regular aerobic exercise on endothelium-dependent vasodilation maternal and stress oxidative of the newborn.Methods and design320 pregnant women attending to usual prenatal care in Cali, Colombia will be included in a factorial randomized controlled trial. Women will be assigned to the following intervention groups: 1. Control group: usual prenatal care (PC) and placebo (maltodextrine). 2. Exercise group: PC, placebo and aerobic physical exercise. 3. Micronutrients group: PC and a micronutrients capsule consisting of zinc (30 mg), selenium (70 μg), vitamin A (400 μg), alphatocopherol (30 mg), vitamin C (200 mg), and niacin (100 mg). 4. Combined interventions Group: PC, supplementation of micronutrients, and aerobic physical exercise. Anthropometric measures will be taken at the start and at the end of the interventions.DiscussionSince in previous studies has been showed that the maternal endothelial function and oxidative stress are related to oxidative stress of the newborn, this study proposes that complementation with micronutrients during pregnancy and/or regular physical exercise can be an early and innovative alternative to strengthen the prevention of chronic diseases in the population.Trial registrationNCT00872365.

Centiles de lípidos séricos en adolescentes de Colombia

OBJECTIVE To assess age- and sex-specific percentile baseline data for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in Colombian children and adolescents aged 10 to 17 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on 1,773 children and adolescents. Each participant underwent a fasting measurement to quantify TC, HDL-C, and TG levels using enzymatic-colorimetric methods. Smoothed age- and sex-specific 5(th), 25(th), 50(th), 75(th), 90(th) and 95(th) percentile values where derived using LMS regression (Least Mean Square) using the statistical package Growth Analyzer. RESULTS Overall, males had lower serum TC and TG levels as compared to females. P95 of TG and TC was higher in males aged 10 to 14 years as compared to females, while HDL-C levels were similar in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Percentile values will help classify children and adolescents as compared to other populations based on this health indicator.

Percentile values for physical condition for Cali, Colombian children and adolescents

INTRODUCTION Baseline data for physical condition are not available for adolescents in Cali, Colombia. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop representative age- and sex- specific percentile baseline data for physical condition (mL.kg-1.min-¹) for urban adolescents aged 10-16 years. Materials and methods. The sample (n=1,773) consisted of 865 males and 908 females from the cross-sectional population survey, the IFRECNTEC Study (Identification of Risk Factors of Non-Transmissible Adult Chronic Diseases in School-age Populations in the City of de Cali), for whom the data for physical condition were recorded. Smoothed age- and sex- specific 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 95th centile values where derived using least mean squares regression analysis. RESULTS Percentile-based reference data for physical condition were presented for adolescent Colombian boys and girls for the first time. In males, the p50 of the PWC-170 (VO2max) ranged 49-43, and in females 52-40. A decreasing trend (~10%) in the p50 was seen in both sexes over 16 years of age. In general, more heterogeneity was present among males than females in terms of physical aptitude through VO2max test. CONCLUSION The results established a baseline level of physical condition in adolescents that can be interpreted as an indicator of future cardiovascular health. They also recommend that the physical condition of Colombian adolescents must be improved to protect against cardiovascular disease in adulthood.

El ejercicio físico aeróbico incrementa la vasodilatación dependiente del endotelio y el consumo de oxígeno de mujeres primigestantes saludables. Ensayo clínico controlado, aleatorizado. NCT00741312

Objetivo Evaluar el efecto del ejercicio aerobico en la funcion dependiente del endotelio (VDE) y en el consumo de oxigeno en mujeres primigestantes. Metodos Ensayo clinico controlado, enmascarado y aleatorizado, llevado a cabo en 67 mujeres saludables, primigestantes, entre 16 a 20 semanas de gestacion. Grupo de intervencion: ejercicio aerobico entre 50% y 65% de la frecuencia cardiaca maxima, durante 45 minutos, tres veces por semana, durante dieciseis semanas. Grupo control: actividad fisica habitual. Mediciones: VDE: vasodilatacion mediada por flujo (VMF), consumo de oxigeno VO2max: prueba de caminata de seis minutos; antropometria: peso y talla. Resultados En las mediciones iniciales no se encontraron diferencias entre grupos en ninguna de las variables. Al finalizar la intervencion, las participantes que realizaron ejercicio tenian mayor capacidad fisica, medida por la distancia recorrida en el test de caminata (p=0,043) y por el VO2max (p=0,023). Ademas, el grupo de ejercicio tuvo menor frecuencia cardiaca en reposo y mayor VMF que el grupo control (p Conclusion La practica regular de ejercicio aerobico y controlado, mejora la funcion endotelial y la capacidad fisica en mujeres gestantes. Por esta razon, intervenciones como esta podrian ser una alternativa temprana y efectiva para fortalecer la prevencion de patologias durante el embarazo asociadas con disfuncion endotelial.