Camilo Prado Román

Medición de la legitimidad organizativa: el caso de las Sociedades de Garantía Recíproca

espanolEn la busqueda por comprender la supervivencia y el crecimiento de las organizaciones, la legitimidad juega un papel clave. Esta llega a convertirse en un factor tan importante como el capital, la tecnologia, el personal o las redes sociales, pues la aceptacion y deseabilidad de las actividades de una organizacion le permite acceder a los recursos necesarios para sobrevivir y crecer. Las organizaciones que demuestran mas credibilidad, conveniencia y adecuacion con los valores, normas y creencias de la sociedad son mas predecibles, fiables y equilibradas. Por ello, estas organizaciones encuentran mayores facilidades a la hora de conseguir clientes, entablar relaciones con proveedores y, en definitiva, incrementar el acceso a los recursos claves para el exito. En este sentido, las organizaciones con mayor legitimidad, disponen de un mayor acceso a la sociedad y sus recursos. Desde el punto de vista organizacional la legitimidad proporciona una base para la toma de decisiones diferente a otros medios racionales, pues las personas son influenciadas porque creen que las decisiones tomadas por otras personas u organizaciones legitimadas son correctas o apropiadas y deben ser seguidas. Aunque la teoria institucional identifica la legitimidad como un factor critico de exito que deben tener en cuenta todas las organizaciones, son escasas las investigaciones empiricas en este campo. Este hecho posiblemente se encuentra motivado por el problema que conlleva cuantificar el concepto de legitimidad. Pese a que algunos autores han establecidos medidas parciales de la legitimidad, ninguna investigacion ha sido capaz de establecer una medida de la legitimidad organizacional, observandola desde todas sus dimensiones (pragmatica, moral y cognitiva). Con esta investigacion intentamos dar un paso mas en el esfuerzo por establecer una metodologia capaz de medir la legitimidad organizacional. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo sobre el sector de las Sociedades de Garantia Reciproca (SGR) en Espana. Mediante el analisis multicriterio y, siguiendo el proceso analitico jerarquico (AHP), hemos conseguido evaluar la legitimidad de las SGR. Considerando la legitimidad como una variable continua, se ha estableciendo una clasificacion de las SGR segun su grado de legitimidad. Asimismo, se ha analizado la importancia relativa de las dimensiones que conforman la legitimidad en las SGR y establecido el perfil de legitimidad del sector. Los resultados de la investigacion han confirmado diferencias importantes entre los niveles de legitimidad de algunas SGR. EnglishLegitimacy plays a key role to understand why companies growth and survive. It becomes a factor as important as the social capital, technology, human resources or networks, because the acceptance and desirability of the organization activities allow them to get those necessary resources to survive and grow. Organizations who demonstrate more credibility, convenience and adjustment with the values, norms and beliefs of the society are more predictable, trustworthy and balanced. For that reason, these organizations find greater facilities to obtain customers, to establish relations with suppliers and to increase their access to key resources for success. In this sense, organizations with greater legitimacy, have a greater access to the society and their resources. From the organizational point of view, legitimacy provides a base for the decision making process. People are influenced because the think other legitimized people or organizations are correct or appropriate and must be followed. Although institutional theory identifies legitimacy like a critical factor for success which must be consider by organizations, in this field there is little empirical research. This fact come be possibly inspired by the problem of quantify the legitimacy concept. Although some authors have settled down partial measures of legitimacy, any research has been able to establish a measurement of the organizational legitimacy, observing it from all its dimensions (pragmatic, moral and cognitive). This research tried to take a step in the effort to establish a methodology able to measure the organizational legitimacy. The study has been carried out on the sector of the Mutual Guarantee Societies (MGS) in Spain. By means of the multicriteria analysis and, following the analytical hierarchic process (AHP), we have been able to evaluate the legitimacy of the MGS. Considering legitimacy like a continuous variable, we listed MGS according to its legitimacy degree. Also, we has been analyzed the relative importance of the dimensions that conform legitimacy in the MGS and established the legitimacy profile of the sector. Our results confirmed important differences between the levels of legitimacy of some MGS.

Quality Assurance and Satisfaction with Their Results: An Application to the Implementation of EN 9100 Standard in the Spanish Aerospace Sector

The objective of this study is to analyse how certain factors may influence satisfaction derived from the positive effects of implementing the EN 9100 Standard in the Spanish aerospace industry. A multiple linear regression model has been created, which includes data gathered from 115 valid questionnaires received from companies in this industry. The results of this model show that the length of time since first adhering to the EN 9100 Standard, the predominant motivation (internal or external) driving the implementation of the standard and the level of satisfaction with the prior implementation of ISO 9001 are significant variables that affect the level of satisfaction with EN 9100; whereas the size of the company is not a significant factor.

Customer Loyalty Strategies and Tools in the Spanish Banking Sector

The present study sets out to analyze the pervasiveness and importance attached to customer loyalty strategies in the Spanish banking sector. In addition, the authors evaluate the effects of scientific marketing and customer relationship management (CRM) tools on customer loyalty. Results of a survey completed by fifty-three Spanish financial institutions show that the implementation of customer loyalty strategies is widespread: all participating institutions have put in place client segmentation practices and differentiated marketing strategies for each segment. The use of specific support tools is not widespread, although results point toward their positive effect on customer loyalty.

Value Investment Using Stock Index

Portfolio management has been separated into the value investment approach, where managers select for their portfolios those assets that are cheaper according to their stock ratios, and growth management, which is based on the potentiality of the company. The Russell index segregate in their composition the stocks that are classified in one category to another. This study analyzes the profitability of the Russell value and growth indexes from 1979 to the present day. The study shows that value investment presents a better relation between profitability and risk which should be justified by ratios level and by the market’s consideration.