Cândida Hermínia Campos de Magalhães Bertini

Mobilisation of reserves during germination of Jatropha seeds

Phanerogam species reserve nutrients in their seeds in order to sustain propagation. Their chemical composition and the way the metabolites are used vary, according to genotype, the environment and the interaction between these factors. As the jatropha is considered a strategic oilseed crop in biofuel production, the aim of this work was to quantify the major reserve components (starch, protein, soluble sugar and lipid) of the jatropha seed and its disposition in the cells during different periods of germination, in order to understand the process of reserve mobilisation and to determine the potentially right time for the extraction of vegetable oil for that species. The seeds were soaked in water for 0; 12; 24; 36; 42; 45 and 48 hours, following a completely randomised design and evaluated for wet and dry biomass, chemical characteristics of the reserves and the disposition of the reserve compounds. Through research, it was observed that the levels of lipids increased up to 43% at the moment of protrusion. The carbohydrate levels, in both the endosperm and the embryo are minimal during protrusion and shortly after, indicating the maximum use of carbohydrates in the germination process. Greatest protein synthesis occurs with the greatest moisture gain, with a reduction in and agglomeration of protein bodies during embryo root growth after protrusion. Despite the presence of starch in the endosperm of jatropha curcas L., starch cannot be considered a source of sugars during the period of germination studied.

Desempenho agronômico e divergência genética de genótipos de coentro

Resumo - Cinco genotipos de Coriandrum sativum, procedentes de diferentes regioes do Estado do Ceara e duas cultivares comerciais, foram avaliados objetivando-se identificar genotipos com potencial agronomico para serem utilizados em programa de melhoramento genetico por meio de analise de desempenho e divergencia genetica. O trabalho foi conduzido no periodo de setembro a dezembro de 2007 no municipio de Fortaleza-CE. O delineamento utilizado foi o aleatorizado em blocos com tres repeticoes, onde os genotipos e cultivares foram considerados tratamentos. Na analise de desempenho verificou-se diferenca entre as medias dos genotipos avaliados para as caracteristicas: altura da planta, diâmetro do colo, surgimento da primeira inflorescencia, antese, media de umbeletes/umbela, inicio e termino do amadurecimento dos frutos. Entretanto, para as caracteristic as agronomicas, numero de folhas aproveitaveis e peso de cem frutos, nao se verificou diferenca entre as medias dos genotipos avaliados em relacao as cultivares comerciais. Quanto a divergencia, o genotipo 1, proveniente da regiao litorânea de Caucaia, foi o mais divergente, podendo ser usado em cruzamentos com os demais genotipos para a obtencao de populacoes segregantes. Os genotipos mais similares foram o Verdao-SF177 e o genotipo proveniente de Juazeiro. Os resultados do agrupamento nao mostraram relacao com as diferentes localizacoes geograficas dos genotipos avaliados. Palavras-chave - Coriandrum sativum. Fenologia vegetal. Melhoramento genetico. Diversidade genetica.

Caracterização agronômica e potencial antioxidante de frutos de clones de aceroleira

Acerola is a tropical fruit with great agronomic and nutritional potential. Vegetative propagation of acerola plant can be an advantage for a quick selection of superior clones. With the objective of evaluating acerola clones regarding their agronomic characteristics and antioxidant capacity of their fruit, an experiment was set up in a randomised-block design with 25 treatments consisting of three replicates with three plants per plot at the Experimental Station in Paraipaba-Ceara. For three years the following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, crown diameter and yield and as post-harvest parameters of the fruit, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The data shows the pattern of vertical growth displayed by the clones is resultant of a selection carried out with the progeny of two cycles. Among the studied clones, 23/2 (3), 79/10 (9) and 26/5 (4) presented good yield and vitamin C content and therefore, have potential for the industrial extraction of vitamin C, while 20/4 (8) has good yield and vegetative growth besides a high antioxidant enzymatic activity, thereby showing good potential for in natura market.

Variabilidade genética de feijão-caupi de porte ereto e ciclo precoce analisada por marcadores RAPD e ISSR

O conhecimento da variabilidade genetica e de fundamental importância para a identificacao de genotipos superiores no inicio de um programa de melhoramento genetico das culturas em geral. Objetivou-se avaliar a variabilidade genetica em 38 genotipos de feijao-caupi de porte ereto e ciclo precoce por meio de marcadores RAPD e ISSR. O material foi proveniente do Banco de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal do Ceara e do programa de melhoramento genetico de feijao-caupi da Embrapa Meio Norte. As extracoes de DNA foram realizadas de acordo com o protocolo de Doyle e Doyle. Dez iniciadores RAPD geraram 71 bandas polimorficas (88,75%) com 7,1 marcadores por iniciador, ja nove iniciadores ISSR produziram 47 bandas polimorficas (75,81%) com 5,22 marcadores por iniciador. Pela analise de agrupamento, o genotipo CE-748 apresentou-se distinto dos demais e os genotipos AU 94-MOB-816 e UCR 95-701 apresentaram o maior grau de similaridade entre os avaliados. Os marcadores RAPD e ISSR foram eficientes em detectar o polimorfismo entre os genotipos de feijao-caupi de porte ereto e ciclo precoce.

Identificação de genótipos de feijão-caupi tolerantes a salinidade avaliado por meio de método multivariado

The objective of this research was to identify genotypes tolerant to stress caused by NaCl and the mixture of NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 in irrigation water in the early stages of development. The levels of electrical conductivity of saturation extract were 0, 0.25, 5.0 and 7.5dS m-1. The tolerance of cowpea was evaluated by the relative reduction in shoot dry matter of each genotype. The genotype CE-182 had more tolerant levels of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5dS m-1 in saline water with NaCl. In the solution mixture of salts, the genotypes and CE-9 and CE-551 were the most tolerant. According to the results obtained by clustering using the UPGMA method it can verified that the most promising combinations for crosses which obtained superior progenies in the development of cultivars tolerant to salinity were found between genotypes CE-182 and CE-250 and between CE-551 and CE-9.

Correlations and path analysis in components of fiber yield in cultivars of upland cotton

This study evaluated the relative contribution of agronomic and technological components on the fiber yield in upland cotton cultivars. The experiment was carried out with 11 upland cotton cultivars in a completely randomized blocks design with three replications. Initially, we performed analysis of variance, with the F test at 5% probability for the effect of cultivar as fixed ef - fects as well as block and environment effects as random. Then the values were ordered according to cluster test Scott-Knott, at 5% probability level. The significance of the null hypothesis that all possible canonical correlations are null was evaluated using the chi-square test. The correlations were estimated through the path analysis. By examining the canonical correla- tions there was dependence between the two groups of variables and therefore it is possible to promote changes in certain characteristics through the selection of others correlated. Plants of upland cotton with higher fiber yield were influenced by the decrease in average weight of the cotton boll. When there is a reduced fiber yield, there is also an increase in uniformity and strength thereof. The fiber resistance had negative indirect effects on the fiber uniformity and length.

Yield adaptability and stability of semi-prostrate cowpea genotypes in the Northeast region of Brazil by REML/BLUP

Cowpea is grown in the various soil and climatic conditions of the Northeast region of Brazil. Thus, selecting and developing cultivars with high yield, stability, and adaptability for this region is necessary due to the genotype × environment interaction. The objective of this work was to select cowpea lines of semi-erect plant simultaneously for high yield, adaptability, and genotypic stability in the Northeast region of Brazil by the REML/BLUP procedure. Twenty semi-erect genotypes—15 lines and five cultivars—were evaluated in 37 environments of the Northeast region from 2013-2015. The experiments were carried out under rainfed conditions in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The adaptability and genotypic stability were evaluated by the REML/BLUP procedure. The environmental variance was the largest factor in the phenotypic variance and the genotype × environment interaction was complex-type, with a grain yield ranging from 277 kg ha-1 (Serra Talhada PE, 2015) to 2,845 kg ha-1 (Sao Raimundo das Mangabeiras MA, 2013), and an overall mean of 1,342 kg ha-1. According to the Harmonic Mean of Relative Performance of Genetic Values (HMRPGV) estimates, the lines MNC04-795F-153 and MNC04-795F-159 were those that simultaneously had high yield, adaptability, and genotypic stability, and can be recommended and grown with greater probability of success in the evaluated environments in the Northeast region of Brazil.

VARIABILIDADE GENÉTICA E SELEÇÃO DE PROGÊNIES DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI EXTRAPRECOCES

The precocity of cowpea is important because it indicates the possibility of increasing and/or stabilizing production in regions with long periods of drought. The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic variability and select extra-early cowpea progenies. Fifteen F3:6 progenies were evaluated in 2014 while sixty-two F7 progenies were evaluated in 2015. Two commercial cultivars were used in experiments performed in the irrigated perimeter of Baixo Acaraú, in Marco, CE. The following characteristics were evaluated: number of days for flowering (NDF), number of days for maturity (NDM), plant height (PH), pod length (PL), number of seeds per pod (NSP), number of grains per plant (NGP), weight of 100 grains (W100G) and total weight (MTOT). Data were analyzed in lattice and RBD, according to the methodology of mixed models by the REML/BLUP procedure. Also, the components of variance and genetic values were estimated. Variability among progenies, high heritability and high accuracy were identified for all traits. For NDF and NDM, the progenies presented higher behavior than the controls. The lattice arrangement contributed to a greater gain with the selection of NDF, NDM, PH, NSP, NGP and WTOT. The genotypes 12, 15, 30, 33, 41, 43 and 52 are among the top ten because they have high genetic values in three or more traits. The genotypes 12, 15, 30, 33, 43 and 52 highlight extra-earliness (precocity).