Carina Simionato de Barros

Produção de ovinos de corte em quatro sistemas de produção

The potential performance of lambs and ewes from the Suffolk breed in pasture of Tifton grass 85 (Cynodon spp.) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was evaluated in different production systems: lambs weaned with 60 days and kept in pasture; lambs with ewes and kept in pasture; lambs with ewes and kept in pasture with creep feeding; feedlot confined lambs with alfalfa hay + balanced ration. The treatments were applied when the lambs reached 60 days of age until slaughter time, at 32 kg, and were allocated in a completely randomized experimental design, with three replications. A continuous grazing system, with variable stocking rate, was used in pasture treatments. Important effect of the treatments on performance of the lambs was observed. Feedlot confined lambs showed higher daily weight and at lower age at slaughter time. Creep feeding supplementation at 1% LW, did not have effect in lambs with more than 60 days of age kept with the ewes in Tifton 85 grass pasture. The presence of the ewe in the pasture showed important and positive effect in the individual performance of lambs as compared to lambs weaned at 60 days of age.

Rentabilidade da produção de ovinos de corte em pastagem e em confinamento

Os objetivos neste trabalho foram analisar a viabilidade economica de sistemas de producao de cordeiros e identificar os componentes de maior influencia no custo de producao. O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas. Na etapa 1, realizou-se a comparacao de quatro sistemas de terminacao de cordeiros: 1) desmame aos 60 dias e terminacao em pasto; 2) cordeiro com mae em pasto; 3) cordeiro com mae em pasto e concentrado (1% PC/dia) em creep feeding; e 4) desmame aos 60 dias e confinamento. Na etapa 2, um modulo de 150 ovelhas em 9 ha de pasto cultivado nos sistemas em pastagem e 7 ha no confinamento foi proposto a partir do experimento para avaliacoes economicas, considerando a venda de cordeiro vivo terminado ou abate e venda de carne, alem da venda de matrizes. Foram realizados calculos de custo fixo (depreciacao), variavel (materiais, mao-de-obra, transporte, abate, juros, conservacao, despesas gerais) e total (fixo+variavel), lucratividade e rentabilidade, valor presente liquido, taxa interna de retorno e custo/beneficio. O maior custo total foi observado no confinamento e o menor, no sistema de cordeiro terminado com a mae em pasto. A margem liquida na venda de cordeiros foi negativa em todos os sistemas. A venda de carne apresentou margem liquida negativa apenas para terminacao em confinamento. A taxa interna de retorno para venda de carne foi: 1,4% no desmamado em pasto; 4,3% no de cordeiro com mae em pasto; 2,1% no creep feeding; e -2,3% no confinamento. Os componentes do custo operacional total com maior influencia sobre o custo de producao nos sistemas a pasto, em ordem decrescente, foram mao-de-obra e alimentacao; no confinamento, foram alimentacao e mao-de-obra. A venda da carne apresentou lucratividade maior que a venda de cordeiro vivo, com maior valor no sistema sem desmame terminado na pastagem.

Ryegrass pasture characteristics and lamb productivity in grazing

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ryegrass pasture production, forage quality and animal productivity in three sheep production systems: lambs weaned at 40 days of age and finished in ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) until slaughter; lambs kept with their dams in the same pasture until slaughter; same treatment, but the lambs were supplemented in 1% of live weight with concentrate in creep feeding. The grazing method was continuous variable stocking, in order to maintain 1,000 kg of leaf dry matter per hectare. The mean forage production was 3,236.6 kg DM/ha, the leaf lamina production was 1,008.7 kg DM/ha and the pasture daily growth rate was 58.38 kg/ha. With weaned lambs, the mean height of pasture (20.95 cm) was higher when compared to others. The inflorescence production in pastures for weaned lambs (61.7 kg/ha) was higher when compared to other systems. Weaned lambs presented higher animal stocking rate 929.7 kg BW/ha, considering only lambs without supplementation (259.9 kgBW/ha) or with creep feeding (254.3 kgBW/ha). The forage quality was not different between systems. The pasture structure changed due to the higher selectivity of lambs without dams in pasture. The productivity of the weaning system was reduced due to lower individual performance of lambs; therefore, this system should not be recommended for sheep breeders.

Composição tecidual da carcaça e perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de cordeiros terminados a pasto ou em confinamento

The objective of this study was to evaluate tissue composition of loin and leg and fatty acids profile of the meat of lambs in four finishing systems: (1) lambs weaned around 40 days of age and kept in ryegrass pastures until slaughter; (2) lambs kept with their dams in the same pasture until slaughter; (3) same treatment of (2), but daily supplemented with 1% of the body weight in creep feeding; (4) lambs weaned at 40 days of age and confined, fed corn silage and concentrate ad libitum. It was used a complete random experimental design with four finishing systems and three replications. Lambs were slaughtered at body weight of 32 kg. Loins and right legs were used for determining tissue composition and the left loins were used for analyzing fatty acid profile. Length and maximal deep of the muscle, minimal and maximal thickness of backfat and loin eye area were measured on the left legs. Pasture finished weaned lambs showed lower fat deposition on the carcass and leg muscularity index. Muscle development and fat deposition on finished weaned lamb with or without supplementation were similar to the ones observed on feedlot finished weaned lambs. Lambs in creep feeding showed more fatty acids in the meat than pasture weaned lambs. Finishing systems influence tissue composition but they do not affect fatty acid profile in meat for human consumption.

Composição tecidual e perfil de ácidos graxos do lombo de cordeiros terminados em pasto com níveis de suplementação concentrada

Meat composition is an important aspect on evaluation of sensory and nutritional quality of the product. This work had the objective of evaluating tissue composition and fatty acids profile of loin lambs weaned at 42 days of mean age and finished on ryegrass pasture with levels (0%; 1% and 2% of BW; ad libitum) of daily concentrate supplementation. The experiment was allocated in randomized blocks design with three replications. Lambs were slaughtered when individual live weight reached 32kg. Tissue composition was determined in right loin and left loin was used for fatty acids profile analyses. Analysis of variance and regression were performed by using SAS (2001). The concentrate supplementation of lambs finished on pasture did not affect (P>0.05) muscle and bone development, however, promoted linear increase on intermuscular and total fat. Levels of supplementation did not affect (P>0.05) the amount and percentage of each fatty acids in lambs meat. The concentrate supplementation of weaned lambs finished on ryegrass pastures increased fat covering on carcass without changing meat quality to human feeding considering fatty acids profile.