Carla Bernadete Madureira Cruz

Vegetation cover and land use of a protected coastal area and its surroundings, southeast Brazil

cover of the Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park and surroundings. The thematic map generated from the digital classification of the image allowed us to spatially characterize and quantify the different land uses and soil covers of the area. Thirteen classes were identified. The most representative classes in the park were the Clusia (31.99%) and Ericaceae formations (29.14%). More than 90% of the park is occupied by native vegetation and coastal lagoons. The surroundings are very much altered by human activities (e.g. 70.64% is used for agriculture and/or cattle raising). Two hundred and three forest fragments (0.3 to 235 ha) were identified, of which 45.3% are less than 5 ha. Most fragments (56.7%) have a very elongated shape, and are thus submitted to an intense edge effect. The intense fragmentation of the surroundings and the isolation of this protected area can imply, in the long run, the loss of genetic diversity.

Contribution of New Sensors to Cartography

Generation and maintenance of these bases are considered as highly complex, considering all the planialtimetric information that they should contain, mainly in the case of a large country as Brazil, whose territory extends for about 8.5 million km2, with many areas of difficult access. Furthermore, there is a need for concern also with the thematic maps, whose origins depend on the cartographic bases themselves, which operate as spatial reference, besides other inputs originated normally from field surveys and remote sensing. The diversity of these maps is enormous, creating an immense variety of methods and specialists involved in their preparation.

Delimitation of Urban Areas with Use of the Plataform Google Engine Explorer.

Google Earth Engine is a cloud computing platform for developing and hosting web applications that allows for the automatic sorting and mapping of terrestrial coverage. The objective this research is to evaluate the tools potential for the generation of thematic maps of urban areas, using a big data plataform, with data in the cloud. The proposed methodology evaluate the CART classifier for different scales. The local scale considered the area of Rio de Janeiro city. A simplified legend (urban and non-urban) and other with greater detailing (different types of urban intensify), were tested. The main input was the Landsat TOA (Top of Atmosphere) mosaic. Potential, classification time, and results were evaluated. The main products generated were the temporal classifications, in which one can observe the expansion of urban areas and some confusion between classes. In this case editing is necessary. The rapidity in the classification and generation of products is one of the most important positive points of the analysis. The tool is very interactive and easy to handle, even by users with little experience. The urban areas delimitation and identification were promising, requiring more research on the best techniques to be adopted at each geographic scale.

Study of the Floodflow Dynamics in the Pantanal of Cáceres/MT.

The Brazilian Constitution lists some biomes and ecosystems considered as national patrimony, among which the Pantanal Matogrossense is inserted, legally establishing conditions that ensure the preservation of the environment, including the use of its natural resources (Article 225, § 4). In this context, the research proposes to analyze the dynamics of the floodflow in the Pantanal of Cáceres/MT and aims to contribute a methodology to obtain results that can support the planning, management, and monitoring of natural resources, as well as providing important information for agriculture, geology, hydrology, and ecological models. In this research, images from the MODIS sensor from the year 2015, with a resolution of 250 m, were used for the application of the methodology. The software ArcGis and Matlab were used for the image processing. The normalized difference water index obtained through 500 m resolution MODIS images was used as a priori analysis of the regions with water and without water, after a threshold was defined for all of the images and the processing was done to obtain the matrix with days with water and without water in the studied area. The results obtained provide a classification for the floodflow, the quality parameters derived using study area show that the proposed method performed better with classes < 30 (96%) and 180 270 (90%) of 4% and 10% of false positives, respectively.

O USO DE GEOTECNOLOGIAS EM SISTEMAS DE TRANSPORTE E ORGANIZAÇÃO URBANA NO BRASIL

Several countries already have the technology known as Intelligent Transport Systems - ITS, that means control and management of public transport, activities information to the user, traffic control and management of financial resources through programs of electronic ticketing. In Brazil it is possible to identify, in recent years, a strong increase of these technologies, consolidated by investments and technical training in the departments of transportation. The aim of this paper was to discuss the actions implemented in Brazil, highlighting the integration of geothecnologies in this process. The survey showed that the Southeast is one of the most relevant national representatives, with a large number of cities that make use of ITS technologies. However, it is known that the process and implementation are slow due to numerous difficulties, including those observed in the different situations presented. Even with the full deployment in the cities listed and expansion into other, only the major centers will be fully satisfied, as there are multimodal diversity.

Mapeamento da dinâmica da cobertura e uso da terra na bacia hidrográfica do Rio São João, RJ

As paisagens sao compreendidas como resultado da interacao entre seus elementos naturais formadores e suas permanentes modificacoes condicionadas, ou nao, pelas intervencoes do homem. Dentro desta concepcao, torna-se relevante compreender o historico de acoes/intervencoes humanas sobre a superficie terrestre, ja que muitas das mudancas ocorridas no passado condicionam processos que acontecem no presente, tendo com isso um papel fundamental na organizacao do espaco geografico. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a dinâmica da paisagem na bacia hidrografica do rio Sao Joao (BHRSJ) ao longo dos ultimos 35 anos atraves do mapeamento da evolucao da Cobertura e Uso da Terra. Esta analise foi realizada a partir de mapas tematicos (1:100.000), gerados por classificacao baseada em objetos, utilizando uma imagem do satelite Landsat 4 MSS (1975) e 3 imagens do satelite Landsat 5 TM (1985, 1995, 2010), todas referentes ao periodo seco. Os mapas tematicos gerados foram inseridos em um ambiente SIG, onde foram processadas analises que forneceram subsidios para a compreensao e localizacao das mudancas ocorridas na BHRSJ nos ultimos 35 anos e, consequentemente, forneceram elementos importantes para analise da evolucao da paisagem em toda area. As analises realizadas a partir do mapa de evolucao da Cobertura e Uso da Terra, e as quantificacoes das mudancas ocorridas nos ultimos 35 anos, permitiram a identificacao de importantes transformacoes, das quais podemos destacar: a perda de coberturas naturais, a perda de corpos hidricos naturais e o surgimento de novos corpos hidricos (artificiais).