Carlos Cardoso Machado

Potencial poluidor de resíduo sólido da Samarco Mineração: estudo de caso da barragem de Germano

Samples of solid waste from the Germano Dam of Samarco Mineracao S.A were studied. This dam is located in the county of Mariana and it is mainly used to retain the waste resulting from the iron ore treatment at the Germano Plant. The waste was classified according to the ABNT Norms 10004, 10005, 10006 and 10007. as class III (inert) which was shown to be capable to retain heavy metals as well as chromium.

AVALIAÇÃO OPERACIONAL E ECONÔMICA DO "FELLER-BUNCHER" EM DOIS SUBSISTEMAS DE COLHEITA DE FLORESTAS DE EUCALIPTO 1

This work aimed to evaluate a feller-buncher operationally and economically, under two eucalyptus forest harvest subsystems. The operational analysis included a productivity and motion and time study. The economic analysis included the parameters operational cost, production cost and energy consumption. Searching and cutting consumed most of the operational time, approximately 50% of the total cycle time in both subsystems. Empty displacement and unloading consumed together about 39% of the total feller-buncher cycle time. The feller-buncher operational cost was US

Estudo comparativo envolvendo três métodos de cálculo de custo operacional do caminhão bitrem

55.27/he. The production costs were US

Análise de danos de colheita de madeira em floresta tropical úmida sob regime de manejo florestal sustentado na Amazônia ocidental

1.69 and 1.55/m3cc in subsystems 1 and 2, respectively. The energy consumption rates were 4.45 and 4.09 g/kW*m3cc in subsystems 1 and 2, respectively.

Colheita e transporte florestal em propriedades rurais fomentadas no estado do Espírito Santo

The present work deals with the comparative study of three methodologies used for calculating the operational cost of forest transport vehicles such as: FAO - North America; FAO/ECE/KWF e Battistella /Scânia. For this the, Bitrem truck was considered as it is one of the most used for forest load transport in Brazil. The two first methods had the operational cost calculated per effective hour of work (eh), and the latter had the cost calculated per kilometer (km). Thus, for this method, a factor to convert kilometer cost to cost per effective hours of work (eh) was used. The operational cost, for FAO - North America and FAO/ECE/KWF, was obtained by the sum of the following costs: machine (fixed and variable costs); administrative (administration cost) and worker (workmanship hand cost). For the Battistella/Scânia method, the operacional cost was obtained by the sum of machine and administrative costs. The FAO method - North America was the most expressive in terms of operational cost (USS 50,47/he). This method was the most indicated for the case in study, due mainly to the large approximation in relation to the real cost. The machine costs represented more than 85% of the total cost in all methodologies, with the variable cost standing out, due the high fuel cost. The operational costs presented distinct values, probably due to the fact that these methods present different formulas for the same cost.

Avaliação técnica e econômica da extração de madeira de eucalipto com"clambunk skidder"

The objective of this work was to identify, qualify and quantify the intensity of damage from natural causes and forest harvest in a non-exploited old growth forest (FPNE) and in a harvested old growth forest (FPE). The studied area is located in the counties of Manicore, Amazon, Brazil, with an area of 204 ha of FPNE and 202 ha of FPE, respectively. The inventory was carried out applying the randomized sampling method, in both areas. Sampling collection was carried out in two levels of approach. In level I, five plots of 100 x 100 m (1 ha) were established, and the individuals with DBH ³ 15 cm were evaluated. In level II, the plots of level I were systematically subdivided in subplots of 10 x 10 m (100 m2), being randomly sampled only five of these per plot of level I, with an area of 2,500 m2, where all the individuals between 5.0 £ DBH < 15 cm (large samplings) were evaluated. The assessment of damage caused to the remaining trees indicate that only 10% of the adult vegetation presented damages in the non-exploited forest. In the exploited forest, the damage caused by harvest operations, such as felling log extraction, skidding trails and clearcut, was of 29%. The changes in the structures of volume, basal area and diameter were more evident in the greater diameter classes, where reductions of 30%, 29% and 27%, occurred respectively. Nevertheless, this reduction can be considered normal, since the sampling was collected immediately after forest harvest operations.

Efeito da exploração florestal seletiva em uma floresta estacional semidecidual

This research was developed with information obtained from 71 fomented farm owners of the Espirito Santo State, Brazil, who were responsible for 92 forest contracts, distributed in five areas of the State, according to the deposit of the fomenter company for wood delivery. The objective was to identify the methods and equipment used in the forest crop and wood transportation in these farms. The area fomented per contract had 1.5 to 100,0 hectares, 84,8% with up to 30 hectares and 59,8% with mountain relief. Forest crop and the wood transportation were outsourced in 68,5% and 78,2% of the contracts respectively and were carried out by the farm owners in the remaining contracts. It was verified that the methods and equipment used in the forest crop were not the same in the areas of the five deposits of wood delivery, being also verified differences among the subsystems used by the outsourced contractors and the farm owners.

Influência do tratamento térmico do resíduo sólido industrial (Grits) na resistência mecânica de um latossolo para pavimentos de estradas florestais

The objective of this study was to evaluate technical and economic log extraction activities using a clambunk skidder with tracks over the tires. The technical evaluation consisted in determining the log extraction productivity indexes and the economic evaluation was based on operational cost determination. The experimental design was complete randomized, with a 3x2x5 factorial arrangement (three slope levels, two wood productivity classes and five ranks of extraction distance, with three repetitions). In a general way, the results showed that the equipment productivity decreases with the increase of the slope terrain and the extraction distance. Its productivity varied from 18.34 m³.h -1 to 72.08 m³.h-1. The operational cost was US

Análise do custo e do raio econômico de transporte de madeira de reflorestamentos para diferentes tipos de veículos

90.93 per effective worked hour.

Estudo da durabilidade de misturas solo-RBI grade 81 com vistas à aplicação em estradas florestais e camadas de pavimentos convencionais

The objective of this study was to evaluate the sustainability capacity of a logging native forest based on the knowledge of its structure before and after logging, aiming to determine measures to minimize the impacts caused by harvesting on the remaining vegetation. It was observed an increase in the number of families and species two years after logging at the adult level, i.e., DBH > 5 cm, due to ingrowth, the same not being observed in the lowest level. The distribution pattern was affected by logging but due to the dynamism of the forest, it should be evaluated before the next logging.