Carlos Eduardo Magalhães dos Santos

Cost of production and profitability ofthe passion fruit plant in the agroindustrial market ofthe Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Brazil is the largest world producer and consumer of passion fruit, but in the last years, the national industry of juice started to import pulp to assist the crescent demand of juice (concentrated, integral, nectar and tropical juice). Considering the fruit agro-processor cluster from the Zona da Mata Mineira, it is observed that the demand for fruit is not being fully achieved, particularly in the case of passion fruit, which is imported in nature from other states or processed (pulp) from other countries, aiming the manufacture of ready to drink juice. Since it is a culture of fast economical return, the passion fruit plant has become attractive for the producers, but there is still lack of information about the production costs and the profitability in the agro industrial market, avoiding the spread of the culture. With the objective of giving a technical and economical support for the development of the culture in the region, it was estimated the costs of production and the economical indicators were calculated: Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Payback (PB). According to the method used for the analyses it is possible to conclude that the cultivation of the passion fruit plant is a profitable activity and of fast return and it is considered a good alternative for investment in the region.

Estratégias de seleção em progênies de maracujazeiro-amarelo quanto ao vigor e incidência de verrugose

The yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.), original from tropical America, is largely cultivated in Brazil, however the diseases such as the scab are responsible for great losses in yield and fruit quality. The aim of this study was to compare the selection strategies in yellow passion fruit progenies for vigor and resistance to scab (Cladosporium cladosporioides). Seventy - five half sib progenies were evaluated in November 2006, for vigor and scab incidence, according notes criteria varying from one to five. The experiment was designed in completely randomized blocks, with three replications and four plants for plot. The selection was simulated for resistance to scab and vigor, by three methods of selection indexes, involving the two characters. The selections based on indexes did not provide satisfactory results, while the gains expected by combined selection were superior to the obtained by the direct and indirect selection. However, the index of Pesek & Baker and Mulamba & Mock provided satisfactory total gain. The combined selection provided genetic gain superior to the selection indexes, characterized as promising in the selection of progenies with small scab incidence.

Deriva simulada de formulações comerciais de glyphosate sobre maracujazeiro amarelo

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos da deriva de formulacoes comerciais de glyphosate no desenvolvimento de plantas jovens de maracujazeiro amarelo. O trabalho foi realizado em casa de vegetacao do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Vicosa, durante o periodo de marco a abril de 2007. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3 x 4 + 1, em que tres foram as formulacoes de glyphosate e cinco foram as doses utilizadas acrescidas de testemunha sem herbicida. O trabalho foi conduzido com cinco repeticoes, sendo cada planta considerada como parcela experimental. As formulacoes comerciais aplicadas foram Roundup Transorb®, Roundup Original® e Zapp QI®, utilizando-se as seguintes doses (g e.a ha-1): 43,2; 86,4; 172,8; e 345,6 g ha-1. Aos 28 dias apos a aplicacao (DAA), avaliaram-se os comprimentos da parte aerea, da raiz e total (cm); o diâmetro do caule (mm); o numero de folhas e de ramificacoes primarias; a massa seca da parte aerea e da raiz das plantas (g); e a area foliar por planta (cm2). Aos 7, 14 e 28 DAA, avaliou-se, visualmente, a porcentagem de intoxicacao das plantas. O glyphosate em deriva simulada, independentemente das formulacoes utilizadas, ocasionou injurias no maracujazeiro amarelo, acarretando reducao no crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. As formulacoes Roundup Transorb® e Roundup Original® foram mais prejudiciais as plantas que o Zapp Qi®. O maracujazeiro amarelo mostrou-se suscetivel a deriva, devendo o glyphosate ser usado com cuidado, de maneira a atingir somente as plantas daninhas a serem controladas.

Evaluation of chilling requirement in peach through grafted twigs

ABSTRACT - The methodologies used for chilling requirement evaluation have limitations in relation to its applicability. The aim of this work was to evaluate the chilling requirement of six peach varieties (‘Rei da Conserva’, ‘Setembrino’, ‘Reliquia’, ‘Convenio’, ‘Campinas-1’ and ‘Biuti’), using one-year-old twigs grafted in the fall. The work was carried out in the Department of Plant Science, at the Federal University of Vicosa (MG), Brazil. The experiment was designed as completely randomized, with fi ve replications, and one grafted plant per plot. According to the results, the chilling requirements for peachs cv. ‘Rei da Conserva’, ‘Reliquia’, ‘Setembrino’, ‘Campinas-1’, ‘Convenio’ and ‘Biuti’ were around 200, 150, 150, 50, 400 and 150 chilling units, respectively. The grafted twigs methodology was effi cient for evaluation of peach chilling requirement. Index terms : adaptation, chilling requirement, dormancy, Prunus persica. INTRODUCAO O pessegueiro e uma especie frutifera que apresenta ampla capacidade de adaptacao a diferentes condicoes ambientais, sendo cultivado em regioes temperadas e subtropicais (Silveira, 2003). No Bra-sil, as condicoes climaticas das regioes produtoras de pessego sao muito variaveis, principalmente em relacao ao frio hibernal necessario para a adaptacao da cultura. O frio tem dupla funcao sobre o mecanismo da dormencia das fruteiras de clima temperado. Induz a entrada e a saida da dormencia, a fi m de permitir a brotacao e a fl oracao (Putti, 2001). Ha cultivares de pessegueiro com baixa ( 400 – 700 horas), moderada alta (> 700 – 900 horas) ou alta necessidade de frio (> 900 horas) (Mariani, 2006).Porem, a estimativa exata da necessidade de frio de determinada planta para a quebra da dor-mencia e praticamente impossivel em condicoes de campo, uma vez que a radiacao solar, as fl utuacoes diurnas de temperatura e outros fatores nao podem ser controlados (Dennis Jr., 2003). Em particular, nas condicoes climaticas subtropicais, o frio neces-sario para a quebra da dormencia das plantas pode nao ocorrer em qualidade e quantidade sufi cientes, o que proporciona alteracoes no comportamento

Seleção de genótipos de pessegueiro com base na necessidade de frio para germinação das sementes

The peach is a temperate species that presents dormancy, and the exposure to a period at low temperatures is the main method to overcome it. This work consisted in studying the chilling requirement for germination of peach seeds. To assess the germination the seeds were stratified at alternating temperatures of 5oC and 10oC every 2 days and observed in order to verify the onset of radicle emission. The time (days) required for seeds to reach 50% germination was determined. A completely randomized design was used, with four replications, each experimental unit consisting of 10 seeds. The families selected according to the characteristic studied were 2303, 4203, 4503 and 5303, considering the selection among and within, whereas the families 2303, 3503, 4203, 4503 and 5303, considering the combined selection. Families studied presented adaptation to the environmental conditions of cultivation, especially concerning the climate, critical to the success of the crop.

Perda de massa fresca dos frutos em progênies de maracujazeiro-amarelo

The yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.) lost value during its commercialization because of some alterations in its fruit appearance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fresh fruit weight loss of progenies from yellow passion fruit. The fruits were harvest in the experimental area and evaluated in the Laboratory of Analysis of Fruits, in the Plant Science Department, University Federal of Vicosa (MG - Brazil). It was determined the mass loss of fresh matter during the eleven first days after the harvest, of five germanic siblings progenies from the UFV breeding passion fruit program. The experiment was in a subdivided plot design, considering the progenies as a plot, and the evaluations periods in days as subplot. The mass loss of fresh matter was evaluated in semi-analytical scale, being the difference of accumulated mass during the experiment evolution and the result of loss mass of fresh matter in relation to the fruit initial mass, expressed in percentage. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized blocks, with four replications, where each plot constituted of four fruits. The progenies evaluated presented post harvest behavior differentiated; the results indicate the need to include the resistance to the mass loss of the fresh matter of the fruits among the objectives of the improvement.

REPEATABILITY OF FRUIT QUALITY TRAITS OF CACTUS PEAR

Repeatability analysis has been used to study traits in several crops, assisting in the definition of the minimum number needed to evaluate genotypes more efficiently and with less time and resource consumption. So far, however, no repeatability studies on cactus pear have been found in the literature. The objective of this study was to determine the coefficient of repeatability for cactus pear fruits traits and the minimum number of evaluations (fruit) that can provide acceptable accuracy for the prediction of the true value. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute of Bahia/Campus Guanambi, with 150 fruits collected from three municipalities in the state of Bahia. The coefficients of repeatability were estimated by the methods of analysis of variance, principal components based on the covariance (PCCV) and correlation (PCC) matrices, and structural analysis based on the correlation matrix (SA). The analysis of variance showed that, except for fruit diameter, the effect of the production site (municipality) was significant for all traits evaluated. The PCCV method was proven the most suitable for studying the repeatability of quality traits of cactus pear fruits. Seven fruits were required to determine, with 90% confidence, the traits length, diameter, fruit firmness, skin thickness, number of seeds, fruit mass, bark mass, pulp mass, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, SS/AT ratio, and pulp yield.

Luminosity and sowing depth in the emergence and development of passion fruit seedlings

The propagation of passion fruit in commercial orchards is carried out by seeds. However, passion fruit seed germination occurs irregularly. The goal of this study was to evaluate the emergence and development of passion fruit seedlings under different luminosities and sowing depths. The experimental design was completely randomized with six replications of 25 seeds, with a 3 x 5 factor scheme, in which three light conditions (absence of light, presence of 12 h light and 12 h dark and the presence of light for 24 h) were combined with five sowing depths (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 cm). The emergence test was conducted in a BOD-type germination chamber, with alternating temperatures of 20-30 °C, at intervals of 12 h and the established luminosities. The evaluated characteristics were the emergence percentage for weekly counts, the emergence speed index for 28 days; the total shoot and root length on evaluation day 28 and the individual dry weight. The lack of luminosity accelerates the emergence of passion fruit seedlings, but it produces low quality seedlings. However, the alternation of luminosity associated to a lower sowing depth helps both the emergence and the quality of seedlings produced from passion fruit 14 days after sowing.

Selection of F1 peach genotypes with low chilling requirements.

Low chilling requirement is the main characteristic for the economic cultivation of peaches under subtropical climate conditions, therefore it should be the most important objective in breeding programs for these regions. The aim of this work was to evaluate and to select peach progenies with low chilling requirement through detached twigs methodology, to indicate a good genitor for using in the breeding program with this characteristic. A total of 180 genotypes, from 25 peach populations, were observed. The genotypes of each population varied from three to nineteen plants. The twigs were submitted to 50, 100, 150, 200 and 400 chilly units. once the treatments were concluded, the twigs were transferred to a greenhouse and after twenty one days the budbreak and flowering were evaluated. The results obtained allowed to select five populations and twenty nine peach genotypes with the low chilling requirement characteristic. The variety Real was an efficient female genitor for obtaining low chilling requirement in peaches.