Carlos Moreira Miquelino Eleto Torres

Quantificação de biomassa e estocagem de carbono em uma floresta estacional semidecidual, no Parque Tecnológico de Viçosa, MG

The objectives of this study were to quantify the biomass and carbon storage in a seasonal semideciduous Forest in Vicosa, MG, with an area of 44.11 ha, and to evaluate the differences between the methods of biomass quantification proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and by using regional equations. For biomass quantification and carbon storage in the area, were used two different methodologies, one using regional equations and another one suggested by the IPCC. The total biomass and carbon stock were 116.98 t ha-1 and 56.31 t ha-1, respectively, using the methodology of regional equations, considering the values above and below the ground, understory and litter. For the methodology suggested by the IPCC, the total biomass and carbon stock were 107.59 t ha-1 and 48.70 t ha-1, respectively. According to the results, the IPCC methodology underestimated the biomass and carbon stock, in relation to regional equations.

Biomass and carbon stock in Jatropha curcas L

This study aims to quantify the biomass and carbon stock in a crop of physic nut Jatropha curcas in Vicosa-MG at age three years. For biomass quantification, the direct or destructive method was applied to sample plants selected according to height, crown diameter and number of branches. For the determination of dry biomass in the field, the proportionality method was used. The determination of total carbon content was done in the Laboratory of Forest Soils of the Federal University of Vicosa, and the estimation of CO2 equivalent was based on the 3.67 factor. The carbon stock found in the third year of cultivation was 4.182 tC.ha-1 (15.349 tCO2-e.ha-1) and the mean annual increment (MAI) was 1.394 tC.ha-1.year-1. Results revealed that the potential carbon increment in the physic nut crop is similar to values found in other crops and natural forests yet lower than in eucalyptus crops.

Equação de biomassa e estoque de carbono do pinhão manso, no município de Viçosa, MG

This study had the objectives to estimate equations of biomass and carbon stock of Jatropha (Jatrophacurcas L.). The area of this study is located in Vicosa, Minas Gerais, planting carried out in 3.5x3.0m spacing at 4.64ha. To biomass quantification, we used the direct destructive method, applied to trees, which were selected according to the measurements of height, canopy diameter and number of branches. The tree biomass determination was obtained by the proportionality method. The adapted models were from Spurr and Schumacher & Hall, for biomass and total biomass (aboveground biomass more taproots biomass). The carbon stock was estimated multiplying the biomass by the carbon content of dry matter, which was obtained by calcination in a muffle. The estimate of the equivalent CO2 stored was obtained by multiplying the carbon stock by a factor 44/12. The equation with better model and who was used for carbon stock determination was to Spurr, using total biomass data, B=0.7601*(CD2*H)0.8949, where B = biomass (kg); CD = canopy diameter (m); e H = height (m). The carbon stock of culture, founded to the fourth year, was 6.79MgC ha-1, corresponding to 24.89MgCO2(eq) ha-1. The results shows that Jatropha is environmentally viable for development of CDM afforestation / reforestation projects or carbon projects to voluntary markets, adding income to farmers and improving the financial attractiveness of the crop.

Eficiência de um retardante de fogo de longa duração utilizado em incêndios florestais

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiencia de um retardante de fogo de longa duracao em relacao ao volume aplicado e ao tempo de aplicacao. O experimento foi realizado nas dependencias do Laboratorio de Incendios Florestais e de Conservacao da Natureza/UFV, com aplicacao da solucao retardante a 600 e 900 ml/m2 e avaliada sua eficiencia ao longo de quatro semanas, empregando-se cinco repeticoes. Parcelas de 3,0 x 1,0 m foram montadas em uma rampa com 27° de inclinacao media, com o maior comprimento no sentido do aclive, utilizando como material combustivel 1,20 kg/m2 de Melinis minutiflora Beauv., distribuido uniformemente sobre a parcela. A eficiencia do produto foi avaliada comparando-se as quantidades aplicadas e o tempo de aplicacao utilizando-se altura das chamas, velocidade, intensidade e tempo de queima, na porcao com e sem o produto. Foi determinada a umidade relativa do ar e do material combustivel no momento da queima. Os resultados mostraram que o tempo de aplicacao nao influenciou na acao do produto e que o tempo para a linha de fogo percorrer a parte da parcela com o produto foi, em media, 7 vezes mais lento que na parte sem o produto e a intensidade cerca de 8 vezes menor, apesar de o fogo percorrer toda a area. O mesmo aconteceu com a altura das chamas que foi tres vezes mais baixa que na area sem o produto.

Artificial neural networks: Modeling tree survival and mortality in the Atlantic Forest biome in Brazil

Models to predict tree survival and mortality can help to understand vegetation dynamics and to predict effects of climate change on native forests. The objective of the present study was to use Artificial Neural Networks, based on the competition index and climatic and categorical variables, to predict tree survival and mortality in Semideciduous Seasonal Forests in the Atlantic Forest biome. Numerical and categorical trees variables, in permanent plots, were used. The Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID) and the distance-dependent competition index were the variables used. The overall efficiency of classification by ANNs was higher than 92% and 93% in the training and test, respectively. The accuracy for classification and number of surviving trees was above 99% in the test and in training for all ANNs. The classification accuracy of the number of dead trees was low. The mortality accuracy rate (10.96% for training and 13.76% for the test) was higher with the ANN 4, which considers the climatic variable and the competition index. The individual tree-level model integrates dendrometric and meteorological variables, representing a new step for modeling tree survival in the Atlantic Forest biome.

INFLUENCE OF INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION ON TREE CARBON STOCK OF A BRAZILIAN CERRADO

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-90882017000500006 ABSTRACT – Cerrado is a biodiversity hotspot and possibly the most threatened tropical savanna in the world. Although Cerrado has an important role in the global carbon balance, studies about carbon stock in the biome are rare, especially with estimates per species. Thus, we estimated the carbon content and stock by species in a Cerrado area. We destructively sampled 120 trees from 18 species to determine tree aboveground biomass at a cerrado sensu stricto remnant. The carbon content in dry biomass was determined in laboratory and for the species not sampled an average value was used. The biomass of the remaining inventoried trees was estimated using an allometric equation. The carbon content in dry biomass had mean of 50.5 ± 0.20% and the carbon stock for the Cerrado remnant accounted for 22,385.46 kg ha. Results indicated that some species had higher carbon stock than others. The number of individuals, their size and wood density are key points that need to be considered in the evaluation of carbon stock in forests with large number of species. Maintaining species that contribute to higher carbon stock is essential to keep a positive carbon balance in Cerrado areas

Greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration by agroforestry systems in southeastern Brazil

Agrosilvopastoral and silvopastoral systems can increase carbon sequestration, offset greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reduce the carbon footprint generated by animal production. The objective of this study was to estimate GHG emissions, the tree and grass aboveground biomass production and carbon storage in different agrosilvopastoral and silvopastoral systems in southeastern Brazil. The number of trees required to offset these emissions were also estimated. The GHG emissions were calculated based on pre-farm (e.g. agrochemical production, storage, and transportation), and on-farm activities (e.g. fertilization and machinery operation). Aboveground tree grass biomass and carbon storage in all systems was estimated with allometric equations. GHG emissions from the agroforestry systems ranged from 2.81 to 7.98 t CO2e ha−1. Carbon storage in the aboveground trees and grass biomass were 54.6, 11.4, 25.7 and 5.9 t C ha−1, and 3.3, 3.6, 3.8 and 3.3 t C ha−1 for systems 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The number of trees necessary to offset the emissions ranged from 17 to 44 trees ha−1, which was lower than the total planted in the systems. Agroforestry systems sequester CO2 from the atmosphere and can help the GHG emission-reduction policy of the Brazilian government.