Carmen Lice Buchmann de Godoy

Fechamento epifisário da extremidade distal do rádio de eqüinos da raça Brasileira de Hipismo (BH)

Twenty-four Brasileiro de Hipismo horses (BH), 12 intact males and 12 females, were used in this study to determine the closure time of the distal radial physis. Craniocaudal radiographs of the distal radius were taken at 18 months of age and until the fusion of the physis. Data were analysed by One-way ANOVA and Student t-test to compare means between groups. The closure time of the distal radial physis occurred at 25.83 ± 1.58 months of age in females and 28.16 ± 1.40 months in males (p<0.001).

Nefrostomia percutânea ecoguiada em cães

A expansao tecnologica dos equipamentos de imagem permitiu o aperfeicoamento de procedimentos pre-existentes e o desenvolvimento de novas opcoes de tratamento, principalmente aplicados ao trato urinario, atraves da criacao das tecnicas minimamente invasivas. A hidronefrose decorre frequentemente da obstrucao parcial ou completa do fluxo de urina e pode afetar um ou ambos os rins, causando dilatacao da pelve e comprometimento funcional progressivo. Quando um rim hidronefrotico demonstra alguma funcao em exames como a urografia excretora ou cintilografia, passa a ser vital a recuperacao desse rim, particularmente se o outro estiver comprometido. A drenagem urinaria por nefrostomia percutânea promove a diminuicao imediata da pressao intra-renal, desviando a urina de seu trajeto habitual, quando o mesmo encontra-se prejudicado. Ademais, pode ser utilizada como drenagem temporaria, fornecendo tempo para um adequado diagnostico e planejamento terapeutico ou ainda evitando ou prorrogando alternativas cirurgicas de maior porte, principalmente em pacientes de alto risco. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e adequar a tecnica de nefrostomia percutânea para seu uso em caes, utilizando a ultra-sonografia como guia em tempo real para a insercao de um cateter na pelve renal dilatada. O procedimento foi realizado em oito caes de ambos os sexos, com peso variando de 10-17,5kg, submetidos a producao experimental de hidronefrose unilateral. As tecnicas de Seldinger e de insercao direta foram utilizadas para a introducao de um cateter de modelo pigtail. A confirmacao do cateter na pelve renal foi feita pela infusao de meio de contraste a base de iodo diluido a 30%, atraves do mesmo, conforme a tecnica de pielografia percutânea anterograda. Lavagens com solucao salina esteril, atraves do cateter, impediram a interrupcao do fluxo urinario por coagulos, apos sua insercao. A Nefrostomia percutânea ecoguiada demonstrou resultados satisfatorios na drenagem urinaria de hidronefrose em caes, provando ser uma alternativa rapida, eficiente e segura.

Padronização da densidade mineral óssea (DMO) do acessório do carpo em eqüinos atletas da raça Quarto de Milha

The bone mineral density (BMD) of the accessory carpal bone was measured (in aluminum millimeters - mmAl) in 30 female and 30 male Quarter Horse equines aging between 42 and 48 months that presented distal epiphysis of the radio closed, in full activity, using optical densitometry in radiographic images. Evaluation was made using a software specially developed for optical density measurement in X-ray films, containing the radiographic image of the accessory carpus bone, the region of soft parts adjacent to the accessory carpus and the degrees of an aluminum step wedge, used to measure BMD value (average of the interest region established on the accessory carpus bone corresponding to the value on the step wedge in millimeters/aluminum ( mmAl)). BMD values found for female were 4.49 ± 0.69mm Al with age of 43 ± 2 months e for male 4.43 ± 0.8mm Al, with average age 45 ± 2 months not show differences statistically significant in BMD values among sexes.

Artrografia com meio de contraste positivo e duplo contraste na articulação do úmero de cães

The double contrast artrography is a diagnostic method in which positive contrast material (MCP) is injected in the joint space followed by negative contrast in order to outline lesions on the articular surfaces and adjacent structures. This technique is an effective and minimally invasive procedure already consolidated in human medicine as well as in the equine species with better results than the ones achieved by using usual diagnostic methods. In dogs this is not widely applied. The present study aimed to describe and evaluate the double contrast artrography technique applied to the humeral joint of canine species to compare with artrography with MCP in the evaluation of the articular surface of humerus head, intra-articular portion of the biceps muscle tendon, and articular capsule of eleven adult dogs. The double contrast within the joint has been produced by combining a small amount of iodine-based half of positive contrast covering the articular surfaces and capsular limits and a larger amount of a negative contrast filling the intra-articular space. The information collected from four radiologists have allowed to conclude that in the evaluation of the articular surface of the humerus head the double contrast artrography technique determinates a better image than with MCP. In addition, in the evaluation of the outline of the intra-articular portion of the biceps muscle tendon the artrography with MCP produced a better image than with double contrast artrography.

Valores normais da densidade mineral óssea do acessório do carpo em eqüinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) determinados por meio da densitometria óptica em imagem radiográfica

Physiologic values of the bone mineral density (BMD) of the accessory carpal bone in Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) horse breed were determined by radiographic optic densitometry (ROD), expressed in milimiters of alumminun (mmAl). Lateromedial radiographs of the carpus were taken from 12 intact males and 12 females, from 20 and up to 30 months of age. No significant difference was found in the average mineral bone density of the accessory carpal bone between males (4.7 ± 0.1mmAl) and females (4.6 ± 0.1mmAl) from 20 to 30 months of age.

Angiografia cerebral em cães

Cerebral angiography is an imaging technique used to detect alterations in the blood supply of the brain. A positive contrast is injected and the image obtained by conventional radiography, computerized tomography or magnetic resonance (MRI). The present research describes the technique with the use of conventional radiography due to the rare availability of tomography or MRI equipment in veterinary practice. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of the method in demonstrating the angiographic pattern of normal animals, to serve as a complementary exam to simple x-ray and improve the capability of detecting altered intracranial blood flow. It is concluded that the technique is capable of producing clear images of cerebral vessels and its ramifications.

Determinação da densidade mineral óssea da extremidade distal do rádio-ulna em gatos: correlação entre peso, sexo e idade

The normal values of bone mineral density (BMD) at the distal end of the radius-ulna were established in 120 clinically healthy cats, using the technique of optical densitometry in radiographic images. The interpretation of BMD was performed using a computer software especially developed for measuring the optical density of the radiographic films, containing radiographic image of the distal extremity of the radius-ulna, and steps of an aluminum scale (penetrometer), used as a densitometric reference. This allowed the measurement of the BMD corresponding to the value in millimeters of the scale. The BMD mean values of the distal end of radius-ulna were: 1.98 ± 0.52mmAl for male and 1.76 ± 0.41 for female cats. Significant correlations were observed between BMD and weight and BMD and age (P<0.0005).

Densidade mineral óssea em cadelas submetidas à ovarioisterectomia com e sem reposição estrogênica oral

Effects on bone density of ovariohysterectomy and post-operative estrogen replacement were studied in bitches. Twelve mixed-breed bitches, ranging from 2 to 6 years of age and weighing between 5 and 15kg were submitted to ovariohysterectomy and separated in two groups of six, after a period of adaptation of 60 days. Bitches from the first group were an un-innoculated control; whereas treated bitches received 0.01mg/kg per os of natural estrogen every 48 hours for 12 months. Radiographs were taken on the day of surgery and 12 months later. Variation in bone density was quantified by optic densitometry in radiographic images. Ovariohysterectomy decreased bone density, whereas estrogen replacement moderated the effect.

Minimally Invasive Approach to Renal Artery Using Different Types of Catheter by Conventional Radiology

Background: Several routes of administration have been used for cell and gene therapy delivery in kidney disease in the last years. Moreover, a more homogenous distribution and a higher response was observed when administered intra-arterially. The main objective of the present study was to describe and to compare the use of Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter with angiographic catheter through the femoral artery by using conventional radiology as a guide. Materials, Methods & Results: Seven healthy dogs were used in these experiments. First, a Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter was introduced followed by an angiographic catheter. The primary outcome was the number of attempts for the placement of the introducer and the number of radiographic studies to carry out nephrography. Preceding the surgical procedure, ultrasonographic evaluation was performed in all animals in order to measure the diameter of the left and right femoral arteries, left and right renal and abdominal aorta at the renal level. After trichotomy and antisepsis of the medial face of the two pelvic limbs, the 6F valve introducer was placed based on the modified Seldinger technique. Thereafter, aortography was performed, showing its collateral arteries, with contrast injection, and it was estimated how much of the Fogarty 5,5F catheter had to be introduced. Subsequently, a guidewire was inserted through the catheter followed by the Fogarty catheter. Another x-ray was taken to show the position of the catheter. It was observed whether the catheter was positioned correctly and the cuff was filled, and then another contrasting radiograph was performed. If the contrast was not going to the kidneys, the cuff of the catheter was deflated, the catheter was repositioned and a new contrast radiography was performed. For the angiographic catheters technique, it was estimated how much of the catheter needed to be introduced, and then the curvature of the catheter was directed to the left kidney, followed by placement of the guidewire. The guidewire was then removed and X-rays were taken to confirm the position as many times as necessary for the correct positioning of the catheter. After selective catheterization of the left kidney, the catheter was removed and its tip was repositioned for catheterization of the right kidney, repeating the same procedure. After the radiographic evaluation, the 6F valve introducer was removed followed by the hemostasis of the femoral artery. In five out of seven animals it was possible to place the introducer tube 6F. Angiographic catheter technique needed significantly more radiographic films compared to Fogarty catheter when both arteries were evaluated. No significant difference was observed when compared to only one renal artery. The only complication observed was hematoma in three animals. Discussion: The access of the renal artery for drug delivery and cell therapy is possible using both Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter and angiographic catheter with conventional radiology as a guide in dogs over 10 kg. However, we considered the Fogarty catheter easier to be applied, since only one procedure is needed to access both renal arteries, thus making it less expensive and faster to run. If access to only one renal artery is required, the angiographic catheter is recommended, since cell therapy would be administered more selectively in the target kidney.

Ressecção de cisto e abscesso renais por laparoscopia em um cão

Renal cysts can be formed anywhere in the nephron and collecting duct system. Some are hereditary, originated during organogenesis, and others could have origin in the normal kidney tissue, after the kidneys development. This report describes the resection of renal cysts and abscesses by laparoscopic surgery in a dog. In order to access the cavity, three portals were used; two with 10mm and another with 5mm diameter, in the right lateral abdominal wall, and in another moment, in the left lateral abdominal wall. It is concluded that the laparoscopic technique with three portals allows the resection of renal cysts and abscesses in dogs, without the occurrence of relapses in the short postoperative time.