Carmino Hayashi

Fitase na alimentação da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Desempenho e digestibilidade

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of addition of different levels of phytase (0, 500, 1500 and 3000 units of active phytase [UFA]/kg diet) in the diets for Nile tilapia (8.88 ± 0.02 g). All diets were fed to satiation daily for 45 days. The phytase level determination was based on the performance and digestibility parameters and was estimated by the quadratic and/or the broken line models. The broken line model showed a better adjustment for phytase levels according to the observed results. Phytase supplementation increased performence, bone minerals, protein digestibility and calcium and phosphorus availability. The best results of performance, bone mineral retentions and digestibility were obtained with 700 UFA/kg of diet.

Exigência de proteína digestível para larvas de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), durante a reversão sexual

ABSTRACT - The aim of the work was to determine the digestible protein requirement (PD) for Nile tilapia in the sexual reversionphase, where 1250 larvae were assigned to 25 aquariums (60 L), with five treatments and five replicates in a completly randomiz ed design.The larvae were fed ad libitum , five times a day, with isoenergy, isocalcium, isophophorus rations, with 30, 34, 38, 42 and 46% of PD,and 30 mg/kg of a-metil hormone testosterone. The animals of each experimental unit were counted and weighed at each 15 and 28 daysof experiment for evaluation of the survival and average weight. For the average weight of the animals quadratic effect was obs erved,with point of maximum of 39.06 and 38.56% of PD at 15 and 28 days, respectively. The survival rate linearly decreased as the P D levelsincreased, at 15 and 28 days. Water temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen level presented average values of 24.60 of ±2.02 o C; 7.34 ± 0.22; 218.47 ± 16.29 µS/cm; and 6.38 ± 1,18 mg/L respectively. The PD requirement of for Nile tilapia in the sexual reversionphase was of 38.6%.Key Words: protein requirement, larval phase, Nile tilapia,

Influência do processamento da ração no desempenho e sobrevivência da tilápia do Nilo durante a reversão sexual

This work was carried out at Aquicultura Laboratory of Maringa State University, to evaluate the different processing form of diets on Nile tilapia fry performance and survive, during sexual revert phase. Was utilized 540 fry distributed, on completely randomized design with three treatments and six replications, in eighteen 54 L aquarium and one aquarium with 30 Nile tilapia fry was considered an experimental unit. The experimental period was 28 days with average temperatures of 21.9 ± 0.1oC in the morning and 22.7 ± 0.3oC in the afternoon. The diet was formulated (38.6% of digestible protein and 3800 kcal/kg digestible energy) differing only about processing form (crumble [MD], meal [ND] and pasty [PD]). No difference was observe to final weight and body condition, but to biomass production, the fry submitted of ND treatment was higher than MD and PD treatments, that were equal. To survive ND and PD were equal and higher than MD treatment. It was concluded that, with 0.5 mm of mealling degree, the meal diets was most adequate to Nile tilapia fry, during sex revert phase.

Desenvolvimento de girinos de rã-touro (Rana catesbeiana, Shaw, 1802) cultivados em diferentes densidades de estocagem em tanques-rede

Objetivou-se, nesta pesquisa, avaliar o efeito da densidade de estocagem sobre o desenvolvimento de girinos de ra-touro em tanques-rede. Foram utilizados 360 girinos com peso medio inicial 0,01g e comprimento inicial medio de 0,92±0,06 cm, distribuidos em um delineamento em blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos (0,50; 1,00; 1,50; 2,00 e 2,50 individuos/L) e quatro repeticoes, em 20 tanques-rede experimentais (12 L). Foi fornecida dieta com 40,00% de proteina bruta, na proporcao de 8,00% do peso vivo, duas vezes ao dia. Observou-se aumento linear da biomassa por tanque, em funcao da densidade de estocagem. O peso final medio e a taxa de sobrevivencia apresentaram reducao linear, com o aumento da densidade. Observaram-se lotes mais uniformes dos girinos cultivados em menores densidades. A conversao alimentar nao foi influenciada pelas diferentes densidades de estocagem. As variaveis fisico-quimicas da agua estiveram em niveis adequados. Concluiu-se que, com menores densidades, obtem-se girinos maiores e lotes mais uniformes com melhor taxa de sobrevivencia.

Utilização de Saccharomyces cerevisiae como probiótico para tilápias-do-nilo durante o período de reversão sexual submetidas a um desafio sanitário

A 29-d experiment was carried out to evaluate the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) as probiotic in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during the sexual reversion phase, under a sanitary challenge. Three hundred 2-d larvae averaging 8.9 ± 1.02 mg and 0.71 ± 0.09 cm were allotted to a completely randomized design with two treatments and six replicates in twelve 50 L-aquaria. Sanitary challenge consisted of a daily supply of 0.5 mL of fresh swine manure. Treatments consisted of a commercial diet for the sexual reversion of tilapia, with (TP) or without (TT) 0.1% of S. cerevisiae. The larvae were fed ad libitum five times a day. At the end of experiment, the fries were counted, measured and weighed. Two fries of each treatment were randomly chosen for gu removal and counting of the number of bacteria and total coliforms. No treatment effect on performance and survival was observed. Only the intestine of TP fries was colonized by SC. No significant differences were observed for bacteria and total coliforms per g of intestinal content and aquarium water. The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as probiotic in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during the sexual reversion period resulted in intestine settling with no effect on performance and survival, in a system of culture with sanitary challenge.

Composição centesimal e perfil de ácidos graxos do camarão-d'água-doce

The aim of this work was to determine the centesimal composition and fatty acids profile of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium amazonicum) for determination of its nutrient potential. Six lots (each one with 100 g) containing whole prawns with individual mass ranging from 0.9 to 1.2 g were triturated and stored for posterior chemical analysis. The average values for moisture, ash, CP and total lipids were as follows: 70.3, 1.5, 24.8, and 1.5%, respectively. It was detected 36 varieties of fatty acids, and the most abundant was the palmitic -16:0 acid with 18.2%. The major omega-3 fatty acids were: eicosapentaenoic-20:5n-3, dihomo-alpha-linolenic-20:3n-3, docosahexaenoic-22:6n-3 and alpha-linolenic-18:3n-3 with frequencies of 13.9, 9.5, 6.8, and 4.2%, respectively. The total frequencies of fatty acids were of 36.9% for omega-3 and 46.8% for polyunsaturated fatty acids. The omega-6/omega-3 (n-6/n-3) ratio and polyunsatured to satured (PUFA/SFA) ratio were of 0.3 and 1.6, respectively. All parameters indicated a good nutritional value of the M.amazonicum meat.

Desenvolvimento de larvas de surubim-do-iguaçu (Steindachneridion melanodermatum) submetidas a diferentes dietas

An assay was conducted to evaluate the development of Iguacu surubim (Steindachneridion melanodermatum) larvae fed different diets. The experiment was analyzed as a complete randomized design with five treatments and four replicates, in 35 L-aquaria, each one with 15 larvae (8.35±0.85 mm and 6.75±0.64 mg). The treatments consisted of five feeding programs: Artemia (A); diet (D); zooplankton (Z); Artemia with diet (A+D); and zooplankton with diet (Z+D). Larvae development was evaluated in illuminated environment during 29 days. For larvae feeding evaluation, three larvae were collected every three days, in five additional aquaria for stomach content analysis. In the A+D and Z+D treatments, the larvae average weight (659 and 571 mg) was significantly higher than the other treatments. The combinations of feeds resulted in better results and, in treatment R, it was observed survival rate of 1.7, that differs from the other treatments. Cannibalism rate was higher in D and Z treatments, with values of 60 and 25%, respectively. The A+D treatment provided the best development and the highest survival rate for Steindachneridion sp larvae.

Exigência de lisina pela Tilápia do Nilo ( Oreochromis niloticus), na fase de terminação

The present study was carried out to determine the lysine requirement for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Seventy two reversed fish with average weight initial of 117.9 ± 0.67g were for by 50 days with four diets (25% of crude protein and 3090kcal kg-1 of digestible energy) containing different values of inclusion of L-Lysine HCl: 0.1; 0.3; 0.5 and 0.7%, corresponding to rations with 1.13; 1.27; 1.42 and 1.57% of lysine, respectively. Fish were distributed in 12 tanks of 1000-L each, in a completely randomized design with four treatments, three replicates and six fish per experimental unit. No differences were observed in the temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and electric conductivity of the water in the different treatments. No effects (P>0.05) of lysine inclusion were observed on survival rate, feed conversion, visceral fat, hepatosomatic index and carcass yield. There was no sign of quadratic effect (P<0.05) on weight gain and protein efficiency ratio, estimating the requirements values of 1.42% (5.7% of crude protein or 4.8mg of lysine kcal-1 of digestible energy in diet) and 1.35% of lysine (5.4% of crude protein), respectively. Considering the performance, a requirement value of 1.42% of lysine (5.7% of protein or 4.8 mg of lysine/kcal of digestible energy in diet) was obtained for Nile tilapia, in grow-out phase.

Influence of diets enriched with different vegetable oils on the fatty acid profiles of snail Helix aspersa maxima

Abstract The proximate analyses and fatty acid profiles of snail ( Helix aspersa maxima ) muscle submitted to different feedings with diets enriched with 3% of different vegetable oils (canola, soybean, flaxseed, sunflower, maize and rice) were analysed. The lowest value of lipids was in the snail muscle of the treatment enriched with soybean oil. The main fatty acids detected were palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1n9) and linoleic (LA, C18:2n6) in all treatments. The highest value for linolenic acid (LNA, C18:3n3) was observed in muscle of snail fed with enriched diet of flaxseed (oil also high in LNA).

Farinhas de peixe, carne e ossos, vísceras e crisálida como atractantes em dietas para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

The experiment aimed to compare the use of 5% of inclusion of fish meal (FP), poultry by-products meal (FV), meat and bones meal (FO) and silkworm meal (FC) and a control (soybean meal and corn) as atractants on feed intake and performance of Nile tilapia fingerlings. One hundred and sixty eight Nile tilapia fingerlings (Thai strain) sexually reversed, with average initial weight of 0.72 ± 0.18 g were assigned to a completely randomized experimental design, with five treatments and five replications, where the experimental unit was constituted of a 50 L aquarium with seven animals. The diets were formulated with 32% of crude protein and 3000 kcal of digestible energy/kg, and were isoprotein, isoenergy, isofiber and isoaminoacid for lysine and methionine + cystine. Average values of weight gain in the control or FV and FP treatments as atractant were higher than the FC or FO treatments. Feed:gain ratio of the animals fed ration with FV was better than FC or FO treatment, however they did not differ significantly from the control and the FP treatments. Average animal final size fed the control treatment was higher than the FC treatment and did not differ from the others. Feed intake and survival rate did not differ among the treatments. It was concluded that its not necessary to include the evaluated feeds, at a level of 5%, to estimulate feed intake or to promote Nile tilapia fingerlings growth.