Robie Allan Bombardelli

Dose inseminante para fertilização artificial de ovócitos de jundiá cinza, Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimardm, 1824)

Two females with colored urogenital organ, rounded off abdomen, color egg released, and uniform size and four males with semen released under abdomen pressure were selected to determine the best insemination dose for artificial fertilization of grey jundia, Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimardm, 1824), oocytes. Females and males received two doses of carp pituitary extract: the first one of 0.5 and 0.25 mg.kg-1 and the second of 5.0 and 2.5 mg.kg-1 for females and males, respectively. Both females produced 169 g of eggs with 1,141 oocytes.oocytes g-1. The males produced a total of 23.6 mL of semen. From all males semen pool sperm concentration (1.97 x 1010 spermatozoa.mL-1), survival sperm index (96%) and sperm morphology were analyzed (66.9% of normal spermatozoa). The fertilization assay was conducted as a complete randomized experimental design with five treatments ((6x103, 6x104, 6x105, 6x106, 2x107 spermatozoa.oocyte-1) and four replications. After eight hours of incubation, the fertilization rates for each treatment were analyzed. The best spermatozoa.oocyte-1 rate was of 89.497 spermatozoa.oocyte-1 that produced a maximum fertilization rate of 86.68%.

Digestibilidade aparente da energia e proteína das farinhas de resíduo da filetagem da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) e da corvina (Plagioscion squamosissimus) e farinha integral do camarão canela (Macrobrachium amazonicum) para a tilápia do Nilo

The trial was conducted to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients (CDa) of gross energy (EB) and crude protein (PB) of tilapia (FT) and corvina (FC) processing by-product meal, and canela crayfish (Macrobrachium amazonicum) meal (FM), for Nile tilapia fingerlings. Forty sexual reverted fishes, with average weight of 40 g, were allotted to 500 L feeding tanks. Feces collection was performed at two 150 L conical tanks. CDa was evaluated by an indirect method, with 0.1% chromic oxide (Cr2O3) as the indicator. Average temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and conductivity were 8.5 ± 0.5oC, 3.57 ± 0.12 mg/L, 7.21 ± 0.03, e 0.18 ± 0.01 mS/cm, respectively. Digestibility coefficients of PB, EB and MS was 70.67 and 54.45 for FC, 67.09 and 48.52 for FT, 88.79 and 68.38 for FM, respectively; the digestible values of protein (%) and energy (kcal/kg) as fed basis were, 37.50 and 2107.46 for FC, 28.72 and 1927.18 for FT, 53.74 and 2763.23 for FM. The evaluated feedstuffs have potential for utilization on tilapia nutrition, however, it is necessary to determine its inclusion levels in diets for the different rearing phases of this species.

Artificial fertilization of oocytes and sperm activation in pacu: effects of the spermatozoa:oocyte ratio, water volume, and in natura semen preservation

Objetivou-se foi avaliar a fertilizacao artificial e a duracao da motilidade espermatica em pacus com diferentes doses inseminantes, volumes de agua e preservacao do semen in natura. Foram realizados quatro experimentos para avaliacao do efeito de doses inseminantes (7x103, 7x104, 7x105, 7x106 e 7x107 espermatozoides ovocito-1) sobre a fertilizacao artificial dos ovocitos; do efeito do volume de agua (0,5; 15,0; 30,0; 45,0 e 60,0 mL de agua mL-1 de ovocitos) com doses inseminantes de 105.481 e 210.963 espermatozoides ovocito-1; do efeito de diluicao do semen (0,005; 0,05; 0,5 e 5,0 µL de semen mL-1 de agua) sobre a duracao da motilidade espermatica; e do efeito do armazenamento a 15 oC por 9 h sobre a duracao da motilidade espermatica e o indice de sobrevivencia espermatica. Os maiores resultados obtidos foram: doses inseminantes entre 7x103 e 7x107 espermatozoides ovocito-1; 15 a 60 mL de agua mL-1 de ovocitos; diluicao de 0.005 µL semen mL-1 de agua e 98,65% de sobrevivencia espermatica ate o tempo de preservacao de 2h45min36s. A preservacao a 15oC por 9 horas nao influencia a duracao da motilidade espermatica. As maiores taxas de fertilizacao podem ser observadas no emprego de 0,27 a 270 µL de semen mL-1 de ovocitos, com 15 a 60 mL de agua para ativacao.

Dose inseminante para fertilização artificial de ovócitos de dourado

Objetivou-se determinar a dose inseminante adequada para uso na fertilizacao artificial de ovocitos de dourado (Salminus brasiliensis). Os ovocitos foram distribuidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, e fertilizados com uma das relacoes espermatozoides/ovocito 6,0×103; 6,0×104; 6,0×105; 6,0×106 ou 3,0×107, cada uma com quatro repeticoes. Considerou-se unidade experimental uma incubadora de volume util de 2,5 L, contendo 2,0 mL de ovocitos nao-hidratados. As taxas de fertilizacao foram mensuradas 8 horas apos o inicio da fertilizacao. Com intuito de verificar possiveis efeitos da diluicao seminal na movimentacao dos espermatozoides, realizou-se a mensuracao do tempo de duracao da motilidade espermatica dos espermatozoides de dourado, ativados por meio de diferentes relacoes de diluicao: 6,8×10-5; 6,8×10-4; 6,8×10-3; 6,8×10-2; 3,4×10-1 e 1,0 mL de semen por mL de agua. O tempo de duracao da motilidade foi avaliado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado composto de seis tratamentos e tres repeticoes. As taxas de fertilizacao apresentaram relacao quadratica com o numero de espermatozoides por ovocito. As relacoes de diluicao do semen tiveram efeito inversamente proporcional sobre a duracao da motilidade espermatica. A relacao que proporcionou melhores taxas de fertilizacao artificial de ovocitos de dourado (Salminus brasiliensis) foi de 30.722 espermatozoides por ovocio.

Desempenho reprodutivo e zootécnico e deposição de lipídios nos hepatócitos de fêmeas de tilápia-do-nilo alimentadas com rações de diversos níveis energéticos

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the reproductive and animal performance and lipids deposition in the liver tissue of the Nile tilapia female, fed diets containing different levels of digestible energy, obtained by soybean oil inclusion. Three hundred breeding females and 100 breeding males were used, distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. The broods were fed diets containing 35% crude protein and 2,700; 2,950; 3,200; 3,450 and 3,700 kcal energy digestible/kg feed. The animals were stocked in hapas for 93 days. The reproductive and animal performance were not influenced by the energy levels. These results may be associated with the short period of time that the brood were fed the experimental diets. However, increasing energy levels caused a linear increase in lipids inclusions in hepatocytes. Thus, the increasing levels of digestible energy provided to Nile tilapia females, obtained by including soybean oil, only promoted increased lipid deposition in hepatocytes.

Níveis de energia digestível sobre os desempenhos reprodutivo e zootécnico e a deposição de lipídios nos hepatócitos de machos de tilápia-do-nilo

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the reproductive and zootechnical performance, and lipid deposition in the liver tissue of the Nile tilapia males fed diets containing different levels of digestible energy obtained from inclusion of soybean oil. Four hundred 400 broodfish (300 females and 100 males) were assigned to a completely randomized design composed of five levels of digestible energy (2,700, 2,950, 3,200, 3,450 and 3,700 kcal digestible energy.kg of feed-1) and four replications. The breeding were fed diets containing 35% of crude protein and submitted to hapas reproductive management for 101 days. The model adjusted by multiple regression analysis suggests the best result for sperm concentration and percentage of normal sperm for breeding fed diets containing 3.465.56 and 3.443.43 kcal digetible energy.kg of feed-1, producing 7.98 × 109 sperm.mL of semen-1 and 38.98% of normal sperm, respectively. The diet energy levels also caused an increase of lipid inclusion in the hepatocytes. The sperm production, seminal pH, sperm survival index and sperm activation time were not affected by energetic levels of the diets. The zootechnical performance was not affected by the energy levels of the diets either. The energy levels in the diets caused a linear increase in the lipid inclusion in the hepatocytes and affected the sperm quality by stimulating the spermatozoa production and the improving of normality indices of sperm morphology in energy levels around 3,450 kcal digestible energy.kg of feed-1.This experiment was carried out to evaluate the reproductive and zootechnical performance, and lipid deposition in the liver tissue of the Nile tilapia males fed diets containing different levels of digestible energy obtained from inclusion of soybean oil. Four hundred 400 broodfish (300 females and 100 males) were assigned to a completely randomized design composed of five levels of digestible energy (2,700, 2,950, 3,200, 3,450 and 3,700 kcal digestible energy.kg of feed-1) and four replications. The breeding were fed diets containing 35% of crude protein and submitted to hapas reproductive management for 101 days. The model adjusted by multiple regression analysis suggests the best result for sperm concentration and percentage of normal sperm for breeding fed diets containing 3.465.56 and 3.443.43 kcal digetible energy.kg of feed-1, producing 7.98 × 109 sperm.mL of semen-1 and 38.98% of normal sperm, respectively. The diet energy levels also caused an increase of lipid inclusion in the hepatocytes. The sperm production, seminal pH, sperm survival index and sperm activation time were not affected by energetic levels of the diets. The zootechnical performance was not affected by the energy levels of the diets either. The energy levels in the diets caused a linear increase in the lipid inclusion in the hepatocytes and affected the sperm quality by stimulating the spermatozoa production and the improving of normality indices of sperm morphology in energy levels around 3,450 kcal digestible energy.kg of feed-1.

Farinha de resíduos da filetagem de tilápias na alimentação de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) na fase de reversão sexual

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a inclusao da farinha de residuos da industria de filetagem de tilapias (FT) na alimentacao da tilapia-do-nilo na fase de reversao sexual. Foram utilizadas 375 larvas com dois a tres dias de idade, distribuidas em 25 aquarios com capacidade para 30 L, em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repeticoes, sendo a unidade experimental constituida por um aquario com 15 larvas. Foram elaboradas cinco racoes isoproteicas e isoenergeticas com 38,6% de proteina digestivel e 3.800 kcal de ED/kg, com niveis de 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20% de inclusao de FT. Os valores de temperatura, oxigenio dissolvido, pH e condutividade eletrica da agua dos aquarios durante o periodo experimental foram de 24,53 ± 1,60oC; 4,81 ± 0,68 mg/L; 7,70 ± 0,25; e 175,97 ± 108,46 µS/cm, respectivamente. Ao final do experimento, nao foram observadas diferencas no peso e comprimento final, no fator de condicao, na sobrevivencia e no indice de reversao sexual das larvas alimentadas com a FT. A inclusao de ate 20% de FT em racoes para tilapia do Nilo na fase de reversao sexual nao causa prejuizo ao desempenho dos peixes.

Fontes protéicas suplementadas com aminoácidos e minerais para a tilápia do Nilo durante a reversão sexual

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of protein source origin and lysine and methionine or phosphorus and calcium supplementation to Nile tilapia during sex reversal phase. Two hundred fries were assigned to a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications, in twenty 12 L aquarium. One aquarium with 10 Nile tilapia fry was considered an experimental unit. Morning and afternoon temperatures, dissolved oxygen, pH and electric conductivity was 22.6 ± 0.1oC, 24.1± 0.4oC; 6.77 ± 0.38 mg/L, 7.75 ± 0.16 e 173.4 ± 2 µS/m, respectively. The treatments were diets, one only with protein source of animal origin (FA), other only with protein source plant origin (FV), another with protein source plant origin but supplemented with lysine and methionine (FAA) and other with protein source plant origin but supplemented with calcium and phosphorus (FP). Means of end values of weight and length fry submitted to FA diet was greater than others treatments, followed to FP and FV diets, who had same value that the FAA diet. FA diet showed higher values of final biomass, followed by FP and FAA, that showed the same value of FV diet. Fry condiction of FA diet was greater than FAA and FV, but similar to FP diet. The survival of FA, FV, and FP diets was same and greater than FAA. Diets with animal protein ingredients were more efficient than vegetal protein ingredients with lysine and methionine or calcium and phosphorus supplementation, for Nile tilapia during sex reversion phase.

Masculinização de larvas de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus L.) a partir de banhos de imersão com 17alfa-metiltestosterona

An experiment was carried out to in two steps (the first was hormonal treatments and the other the larvae grow up phase) to determine the best ontogenic periods for larvae of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) regarding masculinization hormonal treatments with 17 a-methyltestosterone (MT) by immersion baths in 2.0 mg MT.L-1 solution for 36 hours. One thousand and two hundred larvae of Nile tilapia, from the same reproduction bunch, were allotted to 24 plastic containers with 0.5 L in a completely randomized experimental design composed of six treatments and four replicates. An experimental unit consisted of a 0.5 L plastic container with hormonal solution and 50 larvae. Treatments consisted of immersion of larvae at different ontogenic phases, 133.7 UTA (days - degrees) or 5 DAE (days after eclosion); 188.2 UTA or 7 DAE; 242.3 UTA or 9 DAE; 296.8 UTA or 11 DAE; 352.6 UTA or 13 DAE; and 408.2 UTA or 15 DAE. After the treatments the larvae were cultivated till they reached a standard length of 25 mm. Masculinization results showed 15 DAE or 408.2 UTA as the best period, with 85.19% males. Results also suggested a positive linear relationship between the ontogenic period and masculinization rates. There was no difference in treatments with regard to average final length and weight, condition factor and mortality.

Farelo de soja na alimentação de tilápias-do-nilo durante o período de reversão sexual

Eight hundred Nile tilapia larvae with two days old were used to evaluate the inclusion of soybean meal in diets fed Nile tilapia during the sex reversion period (30 days). The experiment was analyzed as a completely randomized blocks, with four treatments and four replications. A net tank with 50 larvae was considered an experimental unit. The treatments were formulated to be isoprotein and isonitrogenous (38.6% of digestible protein and 3,800 kcal/kg of digestible energy), with increasing levels of soybean meal inclusion 0, 16, 34 and 42%. Average final weight and length linearly increased as the dietary soybean meal levels increased. No treatment effect on survival and body condition was observed. It is recommend to include up to 42% of soybean meal in Nile tilapia diets in the sexual reversion phase.