Carolina Lourencetti

Contaminação de águas subterrâneas por pesticidas: avaliação preliminar

A discussion about groundwater contamination is presented in this work. Contamination by agricultural activity, more specifically by pesticides is emphasized. Indirect and direct estimates could be used to predict pesticide behavior in soil, and consequently, to evaluate the potential of groundwater contamination. These results could be applied to advise about the possibility of groundwater contamination by pesticides, and to provide subsidies for making decisions more quickly and efficiently.

Residues of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in some Brazilian municipal solid waste compost

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), listed as per the Stockholm Convention (α -HCH, β -HCH, γ -HCH, p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDE, aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, PCBs 28, 52, 118, 138, 153, and 180), were analyzed in municipal solid waste (MSW) compost samples from three different Brazilian composting plants located in three São Paulo State cities: Araras, Araraquara and São Paulo (Vila Leopoldinha). Quantitative and qualitative analyses were carried out using gas chromatography electron capture detection (GC-ECD) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (Ion Trap, electron impact ionization), respectively. The samples were analyzed in triplicate and the target POPs were not detected by GC-ECD. Twelve pollutants were identified in two samples when qualitative analysis (GC-MS) was used (β -HCH, γ -HCH, p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDD, and p,p′-DDE, PCBs 28, 118, 138, 153 and 180). The composting process has advantages such as urban solid waste reduction and landfill life-span increase, however the MSW compost quality, which can be utilized for agricultural purposes, should be evaluated and be controlled. This kind of study is the first step in making available information to answer questions regarding MSW compost for sustainable agricultural use, such as the pollutants accumulation in soil and in groundwater, and plants uptake.

A Interdisciplinaridade em Programas de Pós-Graduação: Conceitos e Relatos de Experiências

“O comite multidisciplinar teve sua criacao formalizada no final do ano de 1999 pela direcao da CAPES, face aos problemas de avaliacao de cursos novos e da sua avaliacao continuada dos entao chamados cursos multidisciplinares das areas convencionais. O acervo de cursos iniciais, com suas varias diversidades produziu no Comite Multidisciplinar longas discussoes para uma formacao de conceitos sobre multidisciplinaridade e interdisciplinaridade, que embora nao terminada, geraram algumas diretrizes para implantacao e gerenciamento de cursos com metodologias e abordagens de mais de uma disciplina” (CAPES - Avaliacoes e Perspectivas, 2003). “Nos ultimos 5 anos o numero de cursos abrigados na CCM (Comissao dos Cursos Multidisciplinares) passou de 46 para 132 (correspondentes a 106 programas de pos-graduacao, incluindo os credenciados em 2004), provavelmente representando a maior taxa de crescimento na CAPES. As caracteristicas peculiares destes cursos exigiram e continuam exigindo esforcos consideraveis para a construcao de uma cultura de avaliacao adequada, cuja evolucao recente pode ser acompanhada em varios documentos publicos elaborados pela CCM” (CAPES, Documento de Area, 2004). A construcao interdisciplinar e, ainda, um desafio na realidade da maioria dos programas. Sendo assim, o objetivo do Workshop “A interdisciplinaridade em programas de pos-graduacao: conceitos e relatos de experiencias” foi discutir as bases conceituais e as contradicoes e perspectivas de implementacao/ consolidacao de projetos interdisciplinares...