Caroline Andreuccetti

Caracterização da comercialização de tomate de mesa na CEAGESP: perfil dos atacadistas

The Terminal Markets are the main centers for distribution of vegetables, fruits and flowers from different States of Brazil. The CEAGESP wholesalers can be shippers or growers. The amount of tomato commercialized in these terminal markets is very expressive. It was possible to determine the profile and the main features of the wholesale market at CEAGESP. About 45.8% of the wholesalers had an average commercialization volume of 10,000 tons/year, and 70.8% of them commercialize their own production. Cultivars Carmen and Debora were the leaders on the market. The results pointed out that wholesalers had more than one type of buyer, and the main ones were street fair and supermarkets. Most of the tomato is commercialized in boxes (box K), followed by 20.8% of plastic boxes and 16.7% of cardboard packages. CEAGESP wholesalers adopt tomato classification, either done manually (58.4%), or by machines (8.3%) or using both systems (33.3%). The standardization index was not satisfactory, with color and sizes in different degrees, and therefore 45.8% has to be reclassified.Os Centros de Abastecimento, conhecidos por CEASAS, sao pontos de concentracao fisica da producao de hortigranjeiros e flores oriundos de diversas regioes do pais. As mercadorias sao destinadas aos atacadistas, que podem tambem ser produtores rurais ou apenas intermediarios. O tomate possui grande representatividade de comercializacao dentro dessas centrais de abastecimento. A partir de questionarios, identificou-se o perfil dos comerciantes de tomate de mesa na CEAGESP. Constatou-se que 45,8% dos entrevistados possuem um volume medio de tomate comercializado durante o ano maior que 10.000 toneladas, sendo que, desses, 70,8% possuem producao propria de tomate. As cultivares Carmen e Debora foram as lideres de comercializacao no periodo avaliado. Os resultados apontaram que os atacadistas comercializam com mais de um tipo de comprador, sendo os principais feirantes e supermercados, com ampla utilizacao da embalagem de madeira, caixa K, seguindo com 20,8% em caixas plasticas e 16,7% com caixas de papelao. Os permissionarios comercializam o tomate classificado, seja manualmente (58,4%), ou usando maquinas (8,3%) ou ambos os procedimentos (33,3%), porem os indices de padronizacao nao sao satisfatorios, encontrando-se numa mesma caixa mistura intensa de graus de coloracao e tamanhos variados, o que leva a 45,8% do produto a ser reclassificado.

Classificação e padronização dos tomates cv. Carmem e Débora dentro da CEAGESP - SP

The creation of the Brazilian Program for the Modernization of the Horticulture by the Secretariat of Agriculture and Supplying of the State of Sao Paulo at CEAGESP, determined the standardization of fruit and vegetables in the follow aspects: degree of coloration, format, calibers, defects and packing. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to correlate the classification given by the Brazilian Program with the one used by the wholesalers at CEAGESP, verifying if the established norms are being fulfilled for cultivar Carmen and Debora (SAKATA SEED). The results showed, that for cultivar Carmem, for the averages of the observed values it does not move away from the norms created by the Program for sizes small and medium. However, for the case of cultivar Debora, the results showed differences between the adopted classifications. The tomatoes were devaluated, because had been commercialized below of the standardization indicated for the Brazilian Program.

Avaliação de linhas de beneficiamento e padrões de classificação para tomate de mesa

ABSTRACT Evaluation of packing lines and classification standards forfresh market tomatoes in BrazilCurrently, are available in the Brazilian market some alternativesof packing and standardization equipment for fresh market tomatoes.The most common ones classify the fruits through their size andweight. Five packing line units for classifying fresh market tomatoes,located in the Campinas region, Brazil, were evaluated. The type ofequipment was characterized; the involved steps in the process, andthe working functions were analysed. A comparison was donebetween the classification recommended by the Brazilian Programfor the Modernization of the Horticulture (developed by theCEAGESP), and those used in the different packing housesevalkuated. The classification was carried out measuring thetransversal diameter of the fruits with a digital paquimeter. A largevariation was observed (99%) in the length of the packing lines. Inthe washing step the number of brushes varied from 4 to 19 nylonbrushes. In the drying step, the number of foam brushes(polyurethane-polyether) ranged from 5 to 15, and from 6 to 64brushes of animal origin (horse poil mainly) in the second dryingand polishing step. For bigger classification standards a lack offulfillment of the norms was observed. From the 14 samples takenin the 5 packing houses, only 57.2% worked accordingly to therecommended norms.Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, brushes, packing houses,standards.