Cássia Regina Limonta Carvalho

Qualidade tecnológica de grãos de genótipos de feijoeiro cultivados em diferentes ambientes

During the process of cultivar releasing and registration, several marketing requeriments, as important as yelding potential and disease resistance , should be taken into account in a bean breading program. These are related to the grain cooking quality and can determine the level of acceptance by the final consumer: a) reduced cooking time; b) stability of grain tegument during cooking; c) high volume expansion after cooking, and so on. The main aims of this research work has been to evaluate cooking quality of nineteen common bean genotypes, sown in seven experimental sites and three different growing seasons (summer, winter and dry periods) in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, as well as the possible correlation with agronomic characters. High and significant genotype x environment interactions have been detected as to cooking quality characters but correlation with agronomic characters ware of low values. Genotypes FT-Porto Real, IAPAR-80, PF 902998, FT 901909 and Gen C 97-10 have revealed statistically shorter cooking times as compared to control checks.

Produtividade e qualidade de tomates Santa Cruz e Italiano em função do raleio de frutos

Yield and fruit quality of Santa Cruz and Italian tomatoes depending on fruit thinning The management of the tomato plant under greenhouse, with emphasis on fruit thinning, contributes significantly to the production of fruits of superior quality, expressing the potential of each cultivar. We determined the effect of fruit thinning on yield and its components in tomato hybrids of the Santa Cruz and Italian types of indeterminate growth, and we performed the qualitative characterization of the fruits, aiming in natura market. Twelve fresh-market tomato genotypes (six experimental hybrids and six commercial cultivars) and two training methods (with and without manual fruit thinning) were evaluated. A randomized complete block design was used in this trial, with splitplots and three replications. The plots were represented by genotypes and the subplots were constitued by training methods. Number of fruits per plant, yield of marketable and not marketable fruits, average fruit weight, fruit length and fruit width were measured. For quantitative characterization, pH, soluble solids concentration (SS), tritratable acidity (AT), ascorbic acid content, SS and AT ratio and lycopene content were measured. The fruit thinning increased marketable yield, average weight, length and width for the Santa Cruz hybrids THX-02 and THX-03 and for THX-04, THX-05 and Netuno, classified as Italian type. T he fruit thinning did not provide benefits for yield and its components for the other evaluated characteristics and genotypes. Giuliana and Sahel genotypes presented higher marketable yield and average fruit weight. Without fruit thinning, ‘Netuno’ reached the highest number of fruits per plant, but the hybrid Sahel showed higher marketable yield and average fruit weight. Thinning did not affect the organoleptic quality of the genotypes. ‘Avalon’ showed higher ascorbic acid content than ‘Netuno’ and ‘Sahel’, and ‘Debora Max’, ‘THX-01’, ‘THX-02’ and ‘THX-04’, which were similar to each other in the content of lycopene, overcame ‘Giuliana’, ‘Sahel’, ‘THX-03’, and ‘THX-06’.

Seleção de clones-elite de mandioca de mesa visando a características agronômicas, tecnológicas e químicas

ABSTRACT SELECTION OF SWEET CASSAVA ELITE-CLONES FOR AGRONOMICAL,TECHNOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important crops for human nutrition in thetropics, especially for low-income populations. This study aimed at to evaluate and select elite clones ofsweet cassava regarding to chemical, agronomic and technological aspects, twelve clones of InstitutoAgronomico breeding program were compared to control variety IAC 576-70 as to yield of roots, cooking,time, cyanogen compounds, total carotenoids, β -carotene, vitamin A and mineral components. Ten clonesshowed high yields. Average cooking time was high, 43.8 minutes. Among clones, only 66/99 showed ( 1 ) Recebido para publicacao em 2 de abril de 2007 e aceito em 18 de fevereiro de 2009.( 2 ) Mestre em Agricultura Tropical e Subtropical pelo Instituto Agronomico (IAC), Campinas (SP).E-mail:thiagomezette@yahoo.com.br; joaogalera@gmail.com( 3 ) Instituto Agronomico (IAC), 13012-970 Campinas (SP). E-mail: climonta@iac.sp.gov.br (*) Autoracorrespondente; teresalv@iac.sp.gov.br(

Conteúdo cianogênico em progênies de mandioca originadas do cruzamento de variedades mansas e bravas

As variedades de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz ssp esculenta) sao classificadas pela taxonomia popular em bravas e mansas. As bravas tem sabor amargo, contem alto teor de glicosideos cianogenicos (superior a 100 mg de equivalente HCN/kg de polpa fresca de raiz) e sao consumidas apos serem processadas na forma de farinha, fecula e outros produtos. As mansas ou doces nao tem sabor amargo, contem baixo teor de glicosideos cianogenicos, sao consumidas com ou sem qualquer processamento, principalmente por meio de preparados domesticos simples. Neste trabalho, foram feitos cruzamentos para verificar o perfil cianogenico das progenies segregantes visando utilizar variedades bravas no melhoramento de mandiocas mansas. Duas variedades mansas (IAC 289-70 e IAC 576-70) e uma brava (SRT-1330 Xingu) foram polinizadas com uma variedade mansa (SRT-797 Ouro do Vale). Dos cruzamentos entre variedades mansas, 85,7% dos genotipos apresentaram teores abaixo de 100 mg eq. HCN/kg de polpa fresca de raiz. Do cruzamento entre as variedades mansa e a brava, apenas 31,3% dos genotipos mostraram teores abaixo desse valor. A media das progenies foi muito proxima a media dos parentais. Em todos os cruzamentos, a maior frequencia de genotipos esteve na classe entre 50 e 100 mg eq. HCN/kg de polpa fresca de raiz, mesmo no cruzamento entre brava e mansa. Em todos os cruzamentos apareceram segregantes transgressivos para maior e menor potencial cianogenico em relacao a qualquer parental. O tipo de segregacao observada indica ser a cianogenese um carater com heranca quantitativa que, embora tenha algum grau de influencia ambiental, torna possivel a selecao de individuos com maior ou menor teor cianogenico devido a alta herdabilidade oriunda de ampla variabilidade genotipica. Assim, variedades bravas podem surgir como recombinantes de variedades mansas, sendo tambem possivel selecionar variedades com baixo teor cianogenico em cruzamentos de mandiocas mansas com mandiocas bravas.

Efeito da atmosfera modificada e da refrigeração na conservação pós-colheita de manga espada vermelha

The present research was aimed to evaluate the post-harvest behavior of mango Red Espada in refrigeration and the potencial of the modified atmosphere technology, tending to permit a best post-harvest conservation of mangoes. The modified atmosphere was obtained using PVC (6µm), PEBD (25µm), PEBD (25µm) with ethylene absorber sachet, permeable selective film with ethylene absorber in its structure (Conservax) and control (without film). The fruits were maintained at 12°C and 90% RH. The quality valuation occurred weekly after refrigeration and after permanence of fruits at ambient air temperature. Parameters as fruit weight loss, peel and fresh color, firmness, decay incidence, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and their ratios were evaluated. PEBD+sachet affected positively the quality maintainence and Conservax harmed the maturity of mangos.

Evaluation of the stability and adaptability of genotypes of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) through multivariate analysis of genotype performance

Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a estabilidade e a adaptabilidade de genotipos de feijoeiro, cultivados em diferentes ambientes, por meio da analise multivariada da performance genotipica, empregando-se os teores de agua, o valor proteico e os parâmetros de qualidade tecnologica dos graos (porcentagem de absorcao de agua antes e apos o cozimento, tempo de cozimento, porcentagem de graos inteiros, expansao volumetrica e solidos soluveis totais no caldo), em conjunto com a produtividade media dos genotipos cultivados em diversos ambientes, visando a identificar as linhagens e/ou cultivares mais estaveis e adaptadas para o conjunto de caracteres de importância para a cadeia produtiva do feijoeiro. Para tanto, foram avaliados 19 genotipos de feijoeiro pertencentes aos ensaios de VCU (Valor de Cultivo e Uso) 2005/2006/2007 de graos dos grupos comerciais carioca e preto para o estado de Sao Paulo. Os resultados obtidos pela analise multivarida para a o conjunto das tres epocas de semeadura reportaram o genotipo Gen 96A98-15-3-52-1 e a cultivar IAC-Alvorada como estaveis, responsivas a melhoria dos ambientes e tolerantes nos ambientes desfavoraveis. Por meio dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a analise de estabilidade e adaptabilidade multivariada proposta por Carneiro (1998), baseadas em Lin & Binns (1988), mostra-se eficiente e simples para a avaliacao do desempenho genotipico das cultivares, alem de apresentarem unicidade do parâmetro para estimar a adaptabilidade a ambientes favoraveis e desfavoraveis, e simplicidade na interpretacao dos resultados.

IAC Formoso: new carioca common bean cultivar

The MAPA/RNC registered the cultivar IAC Formoso with carioca grain of the Instituto Agronomico IAC, in view of the high mean yield in 24 environments (approximately 2816 kg ha-1), resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) and Fusarium solani, high grain quality and a cycle of 85 days from emergence to harvest.

Qualidade de frutos de videira 'Niagara Rosada' em cultivo intercalar com gramínea e leguminosas

Grape vineyard in Southern Brazil utilize a large amount of mulch during autum-winter season demanding extra efforts and costs related to its acquisition, transportation and distribution in the plant inter-rows. In order to evaluate the possibility of replacing the tradicional use of mulch by cover cropped (green manuring species) in the inter-row strip, two experiments were carried out in Indaiatuba and Jundiai, SP, Brazil, from 1999 to 2002, with the table grape variety Niagara Rosada. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications and six treatments: 1.check (no weeded); 2. cutted spontaneous local vegetation; 3. mulch of Brachiaria decumbens; 4. Avena strigosa from March to October followed by Mucuna deeringiana from October to March; 5. Lathyrus sativus from March to October followed by M. deeringiana from October to March; and 6. Lupinus albus from March to October followed by M. deeringiana from October to March The juice quality was evaluated by content of total soluble solids (TSS), pH, total titratable acidity (TTA) and ratio TSS/TTA. In general and according to the average of the years the results of all characteristics obtained at the treatments with the green cover were equal ou more favorable than those ones using mulch cover. This leads to the conclusion that is possible the utilization of green manure crops in the inter-rows of grape vineyard without any negative interference on quality characteristics of grape fruits, which was influenced by the annual climatic conditions of the cultivation regions.

Densidade, teor de óleo e produtividade de grãos em híbridos de milho

Existe grande variabilidade das cultivares de milho quanto a densidade de graos no mercado brasileiro, mas se conhece pouco sobre seus teores de oleo. Objetivou-se estudar a variabilidade do teor de oleo nos graos de hibridos de milho e verificar a existencia de correlacao entre a produtividade, a densidade e o teor de oleo. Desenvolveram-se, na safra 2002/2903, dois experimentos de avaliacao de cultivares, em Assis e Adamantina (SP), utilizando o delineamento em blocos ao acaso com 39 hibridos simples e triplos. Foram utilizadas dez espigas por parcela, as quais foram secionadas transversalmente na regiao mediana para amostragem de graos, na face exposta. Avaliaram-se a produtividade dos genotipos, a massa de cem graos, a proporcao de graos boiantes em solucao-padrao de nitrato de sodio, o peso volumetrico e o teor de oleo dos graos pelo metodo de espectrometria de ressonância magnetica nuclear (RMN). Procedeu-se a analise de variância dos dados e a comparacao das medias pelo teste de Skott-Knott a 5%. Calcularam-se correlacoes de Pearson entre o teor de oleo e os demais parâmetros avaliados, utilizando o programa SAS. Os teores de oleo variaram entre 38 a 60 g kg-1. O valor medio de massa volumetrica foi relativamente elevado (796 e 801 g L-1) devido a predominância de cultivares com graos de aparencia dura. As correlacoes obtidas no experimento evidenciam que hibridos de graos mais densos tendem a ter maiores teores de oleo (r = 0,34 a 0,40). Tres hibridos, no entanto, proporcionaram graos menos densos e teores de oleo relativamente elevados. As cultivares com maior produtividade tiveram menor teor de oleo, embora o indice de correlacao tenha sido baixo (r = -0,24). Concluiu-se que existe variabilidade genetica do teor de oleo nos graos suficiente para discriminar grupo de materiais com teores mais elevados. O teor de oleo correlacionou-se positivamente com a densidade de graos, porem com valores discrepantes e extremos de oleo dentro dos grupos de menor e maior densidade.

Caracterização de híbridos de pimentão em cultivo protegido

This research was carried out to study agronomic and morphological fruit characteristics of eleven sweet pepper hybrids obtained under protected cultivation conditions. The trial was conducted from November/95 to July/96 in Campinas, Sao Paulo state, Brazil. The treatments consisted of eleven hybrids which were grouped according to fruit colour, as red (Luis, Fresco, Juncal and XPH-14187), yellow (Indalo and Rupia), orange (Mandarin and Orange Wonder), purple (Cardinal and Lilac) and ivory hybrid (Ivory) groups. The following characteristics were evaluated: plant yield during one hundred days of harvest, and weight, length, width and pulp thickness of the first five marketable fruits per plant. Fresco and Luis hybrids produced the greatest yield whereas Lilac and Orange Wonder hybrids produced the lowest yield. All other hybrids displayed an intermediate performance. The greatest pulp thickness was observed in Ivory, Orange Wonder and Rupia hybrids, which differed significantly from Juncal, Luis and Cardinal hybrids. Fresco and Rupia hybrids showed the best performance in the red and yellow fruit groups, respectively.