Celso Pereira de Sá

A política pública de saúde brasileira: representação e memória social de profissionais

The Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) was created 15 years ago with the aim of promoting universal access to health care. This study analyzes the content of social representations by health professionals from Rio de Janeiro concerning the systems implementation. The study was based on social representation and social memory theory and was conducted in five health care institutions with 100 professionals. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed through lexical analysis using the Alceste 4.7 software. The results showed two thematic blocks, namely the formal and real SUS. The formal representation discusses themes related to human resources policy, health system definitions and principles, and social participation. The real representation discusses the health professional-client relationship and health care structure, hierarchical and regional organization of care, and client profile. The results reflect the main characteristics of the SUS and allow the identification of representations and memories that differentiate it from the previous system.

A positividade e a negatividade do trabalho nas representações sociais de adolescentes

This research aimed to compare the social representations of adolescents who study during the day and of those who study in the evening concerning three related objects: the work itself, the association between working and studying, and the adolescent who works. The subjects were 724 male and female high school students from 14 to 18 years old, divided into a worker and a non-worker groups. Data were collected using the free evocation method with inductor terms, and the software Evoc helped in the formulation of hypotheses about the centrality of the main contents of each representation. The most important results were: the anchoring by workers of the term “work” in elements of their everyday life; the predominance among workers of negative central elements as to the association between studying and working; the positive image for both groups regarding the adolescent who works.

Sobre a psicologia social no Brasil, entre memórias históricas e pessoais

This article involves a recollection of several facts and texts, as well as of lived experiences, that have fed the functioning of historical memories and the construction of personal memories along the forty years of the authors academic trajectory as a student and as a professor of Social Psychology in Rio de Janeiro. Through the reports of such memories, it seeks to characterize different phases and orientations in the development of Social Psychology in Brazil, specially in its relationships with Psychology and with human and social sciences, as well as to register some of the conditions - cultural, editorial, political - and individual characters that exerted influence in that academic process. Under the light of those memories, it still sustains that the evaluation, appropriation and articulation of contributions originating from Europe and from the United States led finally to the constitution of a Brazilian Social Psychology that is characteristically plural, critical and opposite to rigid disciplinary borders.

Social representations of the Brazilian national health care system in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, according to the structural approach

The Brazilian National Health Care System The Single Health System (SHS) [SUS-Sistema Unico de Saude] faces difficulties for its effective implementation. This paper aims to characterize the contents and the social representation structure of the Brazilian health care system among health care professionals in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The concept of social memory and the theory of social representation were adopted as frameworks. Five health care institutions were included in this research, with 100 professionals altogether. The free-association technique was used to collect data and the EVOC 2003 software was used analyzed for data analysis. The results signal to a central nucleus, characterized by negative attitudes regarding the SUS. In the contrast area, there is a negative attitude towards the effectiveness of the system and a positive attitude towards the care provided to service users, also showing other principles. At its periphery, the implementation of new opinions about the representation could be observed. It is concluded that the professionals present social representations that recognize the SUS as a new system, eliciting negative attitudes among the professionals, and that is in a process of formation or progressive transformation, raising judgments about the pertinence of the systems principles.The Brazilian National Health Care System The Single Health System (SHS) [SUS-Sistema Unico de Saúde] faces difficulties for its effective implementation. This paper aims to characterize the contents and the social representation structure of the Brazilian health care system among health care professionals in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The concept of social memory and the theory of social representation were adopted as frameworks. Five health care institutions were included in this research, with 100 professionals altogether. The free-association technique was used to collect data and the EVOC 2003 software was used analyzed for data analysis. The results signal to a central nucleus, characterized by negative attitudes regarding the SUS. In the contrast area, there is a negative attitude towards the effectiveness of the system and a positive attitude towards the care provided to service users, also showing other principles. At its periphery, the implementation of new opinions about the representation could be observed. It is concluded that the professionals present social representations that recognize the SUS as a new system, eliciting negative attitudes among the professionals, and that is in a process of formation or progressive transformation, raising judgments about the pertinence of the systems principles.

O Sistema Único de Saúde na cartografia mental de profissionais de saúde

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar las representaciones sociales de profesionales de la salud referente al Sistema Unico de Salud, adoptando la teoria de representaciones sociales. El estudio fue desarrollado con 105 profesionales en cinco instituciones de salud de Rio de Janeiro-Brasil. La recoleccion de los datos fue echa a traves de evocaciones libres, y el analisis se realizo con el software EVOC. Los resultados senalaron una tension entre los elementos negativos y positivos de las representaciones. El grupo con edad mayor de cincuenta anos, estructuro la representacion en una triada: negatividad, asistencia y responsabilidad. En el grupo mas joven, la estructuracion se hizo con aspectos positivos y principios del Sistema Unico. La comparacion para la funcion senala que los profesionales administrativos construyeron una imagen positiva del Sistema Unico de Salud, mientras que los operacionales asocian elementos negativos y asistenciales al sistema. Se concluye que el analisis permitio identificar tensiones y contradicciones en los elementos constitutivos de una misma representacion, demostrando variaciones en funcion de las caracteristicas socio-profesionales de los grupos estudiados.

O Sistema Único de Saúde na representação social de usuários: uma análise de sua estrutura

The objective of this study was to analyze the representational structure of a group of users of the Unified Health System (SUS) in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, concerning the system. A qualitative research, grounded on the theory of the central nucleus of the social representations, was developed with 104 users of five health care facilities. Data were collected through the free evocation to the inducer term SUS, and analyzed by the software EVOC 2000. The structure of the representation disclosed four dimensions: conceptual, evaluative, spatial, and finalistic. They presented, respectively, the following lexicons in their central nucleus: health, well attended, hospital and attendance. Negative elements of contrast were found amidst the positive representation of the system and the presence of all four dimensions was observed in the periphery, with predominance of the finalistic one. The conclusion is that the system presents itself to the citizens in a pragmatic way and that its implementation is still necessary.Este estudio tuve como objetivo analizar la estructura representacional de un grupo de los usuarios del Sistema Unico de Salud en la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, referente al sistema. De caracter cualitativo, fue desarrollado con base en la teoria del nucleo central de las representaciones sociales, con 104 usuarios de 5 instituciones de salud. Los datos fueran recogidos a traves de evocaciones libres al termo inductor SUS y analizados por software EVOC 2000. La estructura de la representacion ha revelado cuatro dimensiones, la conceptual, el evaluativa, la espacial y la de finalidad, que presentaran, respectivamente, los siguientes lexicos en su nucleo central: la salud, bien cuidado, el hospital y la atencion. Se observaran elementos negativos de contraste en la representacion positiva de sistema y la presencia de todas las dimensiones en la periferia, con predominio de la dimension finalidad. Se concluye que el sistema se presenta de forma pragmatica para los ciudadanos y que la concrecion de su ejecucion aun es necesaria.

As representações sociais do sistema único de saúde no município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, segundo a abordagem estrutural

The Brazilian National Health Care System The Single Health System (SHS) [SUS-Sistema Unico de Saude] faces difficulties for its effective implementation. This paper aims to characterize the contents and the social representation structure of the Brazilian health care system among health care professionals in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The concept of social memory and the theory of social representation were adopted as frameworks. Five health care institutions were included in this research, with 100 professionals altogether. The free-association technique was used to collect data and the EVOC 2003 software was used analyzed for data analysis. The results signal to a central nucleus, characterized by negative attitudes regarding the SUS. In the contrast area, there is a negative attitude towards the effectiveness of the system and a positive attitude towards the care provided to service users, also showing other principles. At its periphery, the implementation of new opinions about the representation could be observed. It is concluded that the professionals present social representations that recognize the SUS as a new system, eliciting negative attitudes among the professionals, and that is in a process of formation or progressive transformation, raising judgments about the pertinence of the systems principles.The Brazilian National Health Care System The Single Health System (SHS) [SUS-Sistema Unico de Saúde] faces difficulties for its effective implementation. This paper aims to characterize the contents and the social representation structure of the Brazilian health care system among health care professionals in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The concept of social memory and the theory of social representation were adopted as frameworks. Five health care institutions were included in this research, with 100 professionals altogether. The free-association technique was used to collect data and the EVOC 2003 software was used analyzed for data analysis. The results signal to a central nucleus, characterized by negative attitudes regarding the SUS. In the contrast area, there is a negative attitude towards the effectiveness of the system and a positive attitude towards the care provided to service users, also showing other principles. At its periphery, the implementation of new opinions about the representation could be observed. It is concluded that the professionals present social representations that recognize the SUS as a new system, eliciting negative attitudes among the professionals, and that is in a process of formation or progressive transformation, raising judgments about the pertinence of the systems principles.

On the routes of Social Psychology in Brazil

Considering the different paths of knowledge production that Social psychologists have run in Brazil, the text makes a distinction between a stricto sensu Social Psychology and the lato sensu one. The stricto sensu Social Psychologycomprises the trends found in the historical development of the discipline and in scientific modernity: the mainstream “psychological” Social Psychology; the European “sociological” Social Psychology; the “micro-sociological” perspectives, since Mead. The lato sensu Social Psychology comprises the trends that emerged aside the subject’s history or very recently, following other epistemological guidelines: the Marxist Social Psychology, institutional analysis, socio-historical Psychology, socio-constructionism, and the philosophical Social Psychology. The eight trends listed are then submitted to evaluations regarding the two basic dimensions of Social Psychology: societal and psychological. A comparative picture of those evaluations discloses differences between the stricto and lato sensu sets of Social Psychology, as well as between the several trends in the scope of each set.

A memória social do estado novo em duas gerações

No decorrer das ultimas duas decadas, um bom numero de perspectivas teoricas e de pesquisas empiricas tem procurado resgatar os aspectos psicossociais presentes na memoria humana. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo descrever e comparar as memorias que duas diferentes geracoes na populacao do Rio de Janeiro guardam sobre o periodo compreendido pela ditadura do Estado Novo. A amostra contou com 400 sujeitos, sendo 200 idosos e 200 adultos, aos quais foi aplicado um questionario que abordava diferentes aspectos do periodo supracitado. Os resultados mostram uma lembranca mais forte e detalhada do periodo na amostra idosa do que na adulta e nos sujeitos de nivel educacional mais elevado e com orientacao politica definida. Conclui-se que os resultados corroboram a hipotese de que os acontecimentos politicos sao mais retidos na memoria da geracao que os tenha testemunhado durante a juventude e principalmente por parte dos seus segmentos mais escolarizados e politizados.

Preciso estudar para ser alguém: Memória e representações sociais da educação escolar

As teorias que tratam da memoria social e das representacoes sociais entendem essas modalidades de manifestacao mental como construidas e compartilhadas socialmente pelos grupos de vivencias semelhantes. O objetivo deste artigo e discutir a escola e seu papel de agente de inclusao ou exclusao nas memorias de vida apresentadas. Foram entrevistadas 15 maes e 15 filhas sobre suas vidas no passado, presente e futuro. Constatamos que a instituicao escolar e o ato de estudar, de uma maneira geral, representam aspectos positivos vividos no passado e se projetam nos discursos sobre o futuro como possibilidades de mudanca de vida. As praticas sociais, por outro lado, expoem rotinas que nao incluem a escola. Podemos inferir que isso ocorre devido ao cotidiano de vulnerabilidade a que estao submetidas as entrevistadas por geracoes e a uma provavel inadequacao da proposta pedagogica da escola publica brasileira no que tange ao combate da evasao escolar.