Charles S. Hodges

THE CONSPECIFICITY OF CRYPHONECTRIA CUBENSIS AND ENDOTHIA EUGENIAE

Data obtained from morphological comparisons, cultural and inoculation studies, and protein and isoenzyme analyses showed that Cryphonectria cubensis, causal agent of canker ofEucalyptus spp., and Endothia eugeniae, associated with dieback of clove (Syzygium aromaticum), to be conspecific. Cry? phonectria cubensis is the valid name for the fungus. It is postulated that C. cubensis evolved with clove in the Molucca Islands area and was widely distributed throughout the tropics along with this host. Susceptible species of Eucalyptus later planted in areas where the fungus was already present became infected. This could account for the rapid appearance of canker on newly established eucalyptus in isolated areas.

The taxonomy of Diaporthe cubensis.

SUMMARY The taxonomy of Diaporthe cubensis, causal agent of a canker disease of Eucalyptus spp., is discussed in relation to its conspecificity with Endothia havanensis and correct generic affinity. It was concluded that the fungus should be transferred to Cryphonectria.

Hawaiian Forest Fungi. IV. Rusts on Endemic Acacia Species

Four rusts, Uromyces digitatus, U. koae, Endoraecium acaciae, and E. hawaiiense, occur on endemic Acacia spp. in Hawaii. Endoraecium is a new genus erected to accommodate endocyclic species...

SPORE SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF HAWAIIAN ACACIA RUST FUNGI

Certain spore states of rust fungi on endemic Acacia spp. in Hawaii are typified by pedicellate spores with reticulate wall ornamentation and a series of equatorial germ pores. These spore states include aeciospores and urediniospores of the macrocyclic form of Uro? myces digitatus, aeciospores of U. koae, and teliospores of Endoraecium acaciae and E. hawaiiense. Reticulate spores of this type are apparently rare among the rusts. Spore orna? mentation of the Hawaiian rusts is similar to that found on other Acacia rusts in Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan, and Japan. The similarity of morphology and host may indicate a close phylogenetic relationship among these forms. There are four distinct rusts on endemic Acacia spp. in Hawaii: three en? demic? Uromyces koae Arth., Endoraecium acaciae Hodges & Gardner, and E. hawaiiense Hodges & Gardner?and one, Uromyces digitatus Wint. [=U. phyl? lodiorum (B. & Br.) McAlp.], believed to be indigenous (5). An endemic micro? cyclic variant of U. digitatus also occurs in Hawaii (5). We consider the endemic rust species to be closely related to one another (as are the endemic Acacia hosts themselves) and probably to have evolved from U. digitatus. There is evidence that divergent evolution among these fungi is still in progress (5). Cummins and Hiratsuka (2) placed U. digitatus, U. koae, and U bicinctus McAlp. in the recently revived genus Atelocauda (see 5). More recently, Ono (13) determined that U. hyalospora Sawada did not belong in Uromyces and placed this species in Atelocauda for the present. However, because of dissimilarities in life cycles and host genera of the species now included in Atelocauda, Ono sug? gested the need for more detailed study of this genus. We have chosen to retain the original binomials here to provide continuity with our previous studies (4, 5). The native Hawaiian Acacia rusts recognized thus far are unusual in that the aecial and the uredinial states (where the latter exist) of each species are charac? terized by spores with walls that are closely and strongly reticulate and have several prominent equatorial germ pores. The aecial state of each species is uredinoid. These common features suggest a close relationship between the Hawaiian species and U. hyalospora, U. bicinctus, and Uromycladium spp., which are in? digenous to Australia and Taiwan (5). Reticulate aeciospores or urediniospores ofthe type found among the Hawaiian Acacia rusts are apparently rare. Littlefield and Heath (10) classified aeciospore ornamentation into four types based on their verrucose or echinulate processes. Urediniospores, with few exceptions, were classified as echinulate. The exceptional

KORUNOMYCES, A NEW GENUS OF FUNGI IMPERFECTI FROM BRAZIL

SUMMARY A new disease was observed on the foliage of seedlings of Terminalia ivorensis seedlings and young plantation trees of T. ivorensis and Bouchenavia sp. in the lower Amazon region of Brazil. The disease is characterized by circular to irregular leaf spots that often coalesce and result in premature leaf fall. It is caused by Korunomyces terminaliae, a new genus and species of the Fungi Imperfecti. This fungus is characterized by stipitate, profusely branched, multicellular reproductive structures (propagules) that are produced in large numbers on infected leaves and in culture. The entire propagule is easily detached and serves as an infective body. During a survey of diseases of forest trees in the lower Amazon re

Hawaiian Forest Fungi. II. Species of Puccinia and Uredo on Euphorbia

SUMMARY Two species of Puccinia and one species of Uredo, whose telia are unknown, occur on Euphorbia in Hawaii. Puccinia vitata is described as new, P. levata is a new name and redescribed, and Uredo stevensii is redescribed.

A NEW SPECIES OF PSEUDOMASSARIA AND ITS BELTRANIELLA CONIDIAL STATE

SUMMARY A new species, Pseudomassaria carolinensis Barr & Hodges, found in circular necrotic spots formed around perithecia of Phyllachora persea Hodges on living leaves of Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng. in South Carolina, is described. Its associated conidial state is Beltraniella portoricensis (F. L. Stevens) Pirozynski & Patil. This is the first report of a conidial state for any species of Pseudomassaria.

HAWAIIAN FOREST FUNGI V. A NEW SPECIES OF PHELLINUS (HYMENOCHAETACEAE) CAUSING DECAY OF CASUARINA AND ACACIA

A previously undescribed species, Phellinus kawakamii, is reported to cause decay of heartwood in the butt portion of trees of Acacia koa var. koa, A. koaia, and Casuarina equisetifolia on Kauai, Oahu, and Hawaii in the Hawaiian Islands. Limited surveys, based on the occurrence of basidiocarps, indicate that at least 28-33% ofthe Casuarina trees and 12% of the Acacia koa var. koa trees examined are affected by the fungus. Although the fungus causes a white pocket-rot in all species, the morphology of the rot differs noticeably between Casuarina and the two Acacia spp. The fungal flora of Hawaii associated with wood decay has received little attention. Burt (1923) reported approximately 50 taxa of wood-inhabiting fungi based on collections made by F. L. Stevens and C. N. Forbes, more than half of which were polypores. Bega (1979), while investigating deterioration of Acacia koa Gray, found the heart and root rot fungi Armillaria mellea (Vahl: Fr.) Quel., Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull. :Fr.) Bond. et Sing., Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat., Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) Quel., and a species of Ganoderma. Ueki and Smith (1973) noted several species of Crepidotus that occur on woody substrates in Hawaii. Kennedy and Goos (1983) reported five wood-inhabiting species of the Dacrymycetaceae. Our purpose here is to describe a previously unknown species of Phellinus which causes heartwood decay of Casuarina equisetifolia L., Acacia koa var. koa, and A. koaia Hillebr.

Hawaiian forest fungi. III. A new species, Gloeocoryneum hawaiiense, on Acacia koa.

Gloeocoryneum hawaiiense sp. nov. is described and illustrated from phyllodes of Acacia koa collected in Hawaii. It is compared with G. cinereum (Dear.) Weindlm., species of Leptomelanconium Petrak, and similar fungi described from Acacia species.

Hawaiian forest fungi. VII. A new species of Elsinoë on native Vaccinium.

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