Christian Kintziger

Design and modelisation of ASPIICS optics

In the framework of development of ASPIICS (Association of Spacecraft for Polarimetric and Imaging Investigation of the Corona of the Sun), the Centre Spatial de Liege is responsible of the optical design of the coronagraph and the optics will be manufactured by TOPTEC. The particularity of this coronagraph is to have an external occulter located 150 m ahead of the first imaging lens. This external occulter is re-imaged on an internal occulter which function is - as in a classical externally occulted Lyot coronagraph - to block the sun light diffracted by the external occulter and to reduce the straylight on the detector. The selection of this configuration is driven by the requirement to observe the corona as close as possible to the solar limb (i.e. 1 RSun) without imaging the limb itself. A requirement of 1.08 RSun is specified at optical design level to grant 1.2 Rsun at instrument level. The coronograph instrument is designed to have a field of view of 1.6° x 1.6° with a resolution of less than 6 arcsec. Its performances are limited by diffraction in a 530 – 590 nm wavelength range. This paper presents the optical design and demonstrates that by design the requirements are fulfilled within the misalignment, manufacturing and thermo-elastic error contributions.

Conception of a near-infrared spectrometer for ground-based observations of massive stars

Abstract. In our contribution, we outline the different steps in the design of a fiber-fed spectrographic instrument for stellar astrophysics. Starting from the derivation of theoretical relationships from the scientific requirements and telescope characteristics, the entire optical design of the spectrograph is presented. Specific optical elements, such as a toroidal lens, are introduced to improve the instrument’s efficiency. Then the verification of predicted optical performances is investigated through optical analyses, such as resolution checking. Eventually, the star positioning system onto the central fiber core is explained.

Alignment and calibration of the ICON-FUV instrument: Development of a vacuum UV facility

The optical calibration of the ICON-FUV instrument requires designing specific ground support equipment (GSE). The ICON-FUV instrument is a spectrographic imager that operates on two specific wavelengths in the UV (135.6 nm and 157 nm). All the operations have to be performed under vacuum UV light. The optical setup is based on a VUV monochromator coupled with a collimator that illuminates the FUV entrance slit. The instrument is placed on a manipulator providing fields pointing. Image quality and spectral properties can be then characterized for each field. OGSE, MGSE, optical calibration plan and vacuum alignment of the instrument are described.

VUV optical ground system equipment and its application to the ICON FUV flight grating characterization and selection

ICON FUV is a two channel spectrographic imager that measures intensity and spatial distribution of oxygen (135.6 nm) and molecular nitrogen (157 nm) of the ionosphere. As those wavelengths are strongly absorbed by the atmosphere, the optical elements of the system have to be tested inside vacuum chambers. Prior to the instrument alignment and calibration, two 3600 gr/mm gratings were characterized. The primary focus is the measurement of the diffraction efficiencies; while the second objective is to select the best grating and to define which is the flight and the spare. A dedicated setup has been developed to assess the grating optical performances under vacuum. A 1 cm diameter collimated beam is generated using an off-axis parabola and a UV source at its focal point. The grating is placed at the center of two rotation stages collinearly aligned. One detector is placed on a rotating arm, deported from its rotation center. A PMT detector records diffracted light intensity with respect to its angular position and its wavelength. Angular incidence on the grating is tuned with the help of the second rotation stage. The grating efficiency homogeneity and scattering properties are measured through a Y-X scan.

NƎSIE: a fiber-fed near-infrared spectrograph for TIGRE telescope

Our contribution intends to present the obtained performances of the NƎSIE instrument, a new near-infrared fiber-fed spectrograph developed at the University of Liège. This instrument was developed, aligned and tested at the Centre Spatial de Liège and first light was achieved in October 2017. This paper will go through the alignment process and optical performance verification to eventually introduce the first light observations. The final location of NƎSIE will be the TIGRE telescope located in La Luz, Mexico. The observational data provided by this instrument will help several research groups from the University of Liège to study massive stars. In particularly, evolution models will be improved through the comparison of the collected spectra with theoretical models. This collaboration will therefore contribute to a better understanding of massive stars and the mechanisms that take place within these extraordinary objects.

V-UV spectrographic imager (FUV) for Icon mission: from optical design to vacuum calibration

The ICON mission is led by the University of California-Berkeley (Space Sciences Laboratory). In the frame of this mission the Space Center of Liege was involved in the optical design optimization and related analysis, and VUV on ground calibration.

Optical design and optical properties of a VUV spectrographic imager for ICON mission

In the frame of the ICON (Ionospheric Connection Explorer) mission of NASA led by UC Berkeley, CSL and SSL Berkeley have designed in cooperation a new Far UV spectro-imager. The instrument is based on a Czerny-Turner spectrograph coupled with two back imagers. The whole field of view covers [± 12° vertical, ± 9° horizontal]. The instrument is surmounted by a rotating mirror to adjust the horizontal field of view pointing by ± 30°. To meet the scientific imaging and spectral requirements the instrument has been optimized. The optimization philosophy and related analysis are presented in the present paper. PSF, distortion map and spectral properties are described. A tolerance study and alignment cases were performed to prove the instrument can be built and aligned. Finally straylight and out of band properties are discussed.

Conception of a near-IR spectrometer for ground-based observations of massive stars

In our contribution, we outline the different steps in the design of a fiber-fed spectrographic instrument that intends to observe massive stars. Starting from the derivation of theoretical relationships from the scientific requirements and telescope characteristics, the entire optical design of the spectrograph is presented. Specific optical elements, such as a toroidal lens, are introduced to improve the instrument’s performances. Then, the verification of predicted optical performances is investigated through optical analyses such as resolution checking. Eventually, the star positioning system onto the central fiber core is explained.