Christian Wünsche

Untersuchungen zur struktur des α-d-glucosidaseinhibitors acarbose

Abstract Hydrolysis of the pseudotetrasaccharide acarbose ( 1 ), a potent inhibitor of intestinal α- d -glucosidases and an effective oral antidiabetic agent, gave d -glucose and a tricyclic compound (1 R ,2 S ,3 R ,4a S ,7 R ,8 S ,8a S ,9a R )-1,2,3,4a,7,8,8a,9a-octahydro-1,2,7,8-tetrahydroxy-3- [(1 R )-1-hydroxyethyl]-6-hydroxymethylpyrrolo-[2,1- b ]benzoxazole ( 6 ) that was further degraded into 1 l -(1,2,4/3)-1-hydroxymethyl-2,3,4-cyclohexanetriol (validatol, 25 ) and (2 R ,3 S ,4 S )-2-[(1 R )-1-hydroxyethyl]-pyrrolidine-3,4-diol ( 49 ) by sodium borohydride reduction and subsequent catalytic hydrogenation. Methanolysis of 1 afforded α- and β-glycosides 11 and 10 which were cleaved by hydrogenation to give 25 and methyl α- and β-glycosides of 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-α- and β- d -glucopyranose (viosamine, 38 ). Upon hydrogenation, 1 gave, beside several minor products, 25 and a basic trisaccharide that was acetolyzed into the peracetates of viosamine 38 and d -glucose. The structure of 6 was determined by derivatives and ring-cleavage products. N.m.r. and mass spectra of the acarbose products and derivatives are discussed.

Mass spectrometric identification of xanthophyll fatty acid esters from marigold flowers (tagetes erecta) obtained by high performances liquid chromatography and craig counter-current distribution

Abstract By means of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in the system acetonitrile-dichloromethane, the xanthophyll fatty acid esters from a purified extract of marigold flower petals (Tagetes erecta) were isolated on a semipreparative scale. The structures of the xanthophyll fatty acid esters were elucidated by mass spectrometry. The presence of the hitherto unknown mixed esters xanthophyll palmitate stearate and xanthophyll palmitate myristate was demonstrated, in addition to the major component xanthophyll dipalmitate. The latter was isolated in larger quantities from the xanthophyll fatty acid ester mixture by Craig counter-current distribution.

Influence of muzolimine on arterial wall elastin

Muzolimine, 3-amino-1-(3,4-dichloro-alpha-methylbenzyl)-2- pyrazolin -5-one, an antihypertensive and diuretic drug, accumulates in the arterial tissue of rats and dogs after oral administration. Two weeks after the administration of 3 mg [14C]muzolimine, the aorta of rats contained 60-300 times more 14C-radioactivity/weight unit than the skin or tail tendon. The 14C-radioactivity was exclusively bound to the isolated aortic elastin and corresponded to 0.04% of the applied muzolimine dose. Up to ca 250 ng bound muzolimine/mg elastin was found in the aorta of dogs treated with non-labelled muzolimine for 52 weeks. The elastin-bound [14C]muzolimine was not extractable by organic solvents or by weak acids or bases but was released in a soluble form by pancreatic elastase and extracted from the elastase digest by dichloromethane. In the dichloromethane extract muzolimine was detected by HPLC and HPTLC, and was identified by mass spectrometry. Muzolimine pretreatment of rats for 2 months did not influence the elastin content of arterial tissue or [3H]glycine incorporation into aortic elastin under organ culture conditions, but after labelling the elastin with [4,5-3H]lysine, the [3H]desmosine and [3H]-isodesmosine isolated from the elastin of muzolimine-pretreated rats and incorporated under organ culture conditions was lower than that of control animals. In addition, aortic elastin of rats pretreated for 2 months with 800 ppm muzolimine in the diet was more resistant to elastase degradation. This effect might give some implications for muzolimine in the therapy of cardiovascular disorders with impaired arterial elastin metabolism.