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Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie | 2011

Dysphagia. Impact on quality of life after radio(chemo)therapy of head and neck cancer.

Julia Maurer; Matthias Hipp; Christof Schäfer; Oliver Kölbl

BACKGROUND In the past, xerostomia was considered one of the most important determining factors of quality of life (QoL) after radiotherapy (RT) of the head and neck region. In addition, more recent studies have shown that RT-induced dysphagia has an essential influence on the QoL. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between September 2005 and August 2007, 35 patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region were included in the prospective study. Patients were treated by IMAT (intensity-modulated arc therapy) or IMRT (intensity-modulated radiotherapy) planned on 3D imaging. A total of 28 patients (80%) received concomitant chemotherapy. The evaluation of QoL (EORTC QLQ-C30, H&N C-35) and toxicities (CTC 2.0) were assessed at the beginning of, during, and after RT as well as up to 12 months after the end of therapy. RESULTS At the end of therapy, 86% of the patients experienced difficulties in swallowing (62% CTC II-III°). Twelve months after the end of treatment, 15% still suffered from dysphagia CTC II-III°. Concomitant chemotherapy exacerbated the incidence and gravity of dysphagia, resulting in increasing dietary problems. QoL (EORTC) was significantly affected by dysphagia. In particular, the global state of health and QoL were influenced at the end of treatment (p=0.033) and at a later stage (p=0.050). CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that more emphasis should be placed on structured clinical diagnostics, therapy, and rehabilitation of deglutition problems. This means in particular to not only spare the parotids while planning the irradiation, but also to take into consideration the important structures for deglutition, like the retropharyngeal muscles.


Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie | 2009

Effects of Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases on Quality of Life (QoL)

Diana Steinmann; Christof Schäfer; Birgitt van Oorschot; Hans-Joachim Wypior; Frank Bruns; Tobias Bölling; Susanne Sehlen; Juliane Hagg; Anja Bayerl; Hans Geinitz; Matthias Hipp; Dirk Vordermark

Background:Prospective data on quality-of-life (QoL) effects of radiotherapy for brain metastases are currently lacking, but would be of great interest to guide therapeutic decisions.Patients and Methods:From 01/2007 to 08/2007, 46 patients with previously untreated brain metastases were recruited at eight centers. QoL was measured at start of treatment (T0) and at 3 months (T3mo). In the pilot study, two combinations of QoL instruments could be used at the discretion of the centers (A: EORTC QLQ-C30 and B: EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL both with brain module BN20, assessment by proxies with A: Palliative Care Outcome Scale, B: self-constructed brain-specific instrument).Results:All patients received whole-brain radiotherapy, four with an additional boost irradiation. At T3mo, 26/46 patients (56.5%) had died. 17/20 survivors (85%) completed the questionnaires. In 3-month survivors, QoL deteriorated in most domains, significant in drowsiness, hair loss and weakness of legs. The scores for headaches and seizures were slightly better after 3 months. Assessment by proxies also suggested worsening of QoL. Initial QoL at T0 was better in those alive than in those deceased at T3mo, significant for physical function and for the symptom scales of fatigue and pain, motor dysfunction, communication deficit and weakness of legs.Conclusion:Practicability and compliance appeared better with the (shorter) version B. This version is now used in the ongoing main phase of the study with additional centers. First results indicate a moderate worsening of QoL during the first 3 months after start of palliative radiotherapy for brain metastases. QoL at initiation of radiotherapy may be prognostic for survival.Hintergrund:Prospektive Daten über die Auswirkung einer palliativen Strahlentherapie auf die Lebensqualität (LQ) von Patienten mit Hirnmetastasen existieren nur wenige, jedoch sind sie von großem Interesse für Therapieentscheidungen.Patienten und Methodik:Von 01/2007 bis 08/2007 wurden an acht Zentren 46 Patienten mit bisher unbehandelten Hirnmetastasen rekrutiert (Tabelle 1). Die LQ vor und 3 Monate nach palliativer Strahlentherapie wurde erhoben. In der Pilotphase konnten die Zentren zwischen zwei Kombinationen von Instrumenten wählen (A: EORTC QLQ-C30 und B: QLQ C15-PAL jeweils mit Hirnmodul BN20, Fremdeinschätzung durch Angehörige mittels A: Palliative Care Outcome Scale, B: eigenen Hirnmoduls).Ergebnisse:Alle Patienten erhielten eine Ganzhirnbestrahlung, vier Patienten zusätzlich eine Boostbestrahlung. 3 Monate nach Therapiebeginn waren 26/46 Patienten (56,5%) verstorben. Die Rücklaufquote der Fragebögen der Überlebenden betrug 17/20 (85%). Für dieses Kollektiv der 3-Monats-Überlebenden zeigte die Selbsteinschätzung eine Verschlechterung in den meisten Bereichen, signifikant für Schläfrigkeit, Alopezie und Beinschwäche. Die Scores für Kopfschmerzen und Krampfleiden waren nach 3 Monaten etwas besser (Abbildung 1). Die Fremdeinschätzungen zeigten ebenfalls eine zunehmende Beeinträchtigung der Patienten nach 3 Monaten (Abbildung 2). Die initiale LQ war bei den 3-Monats-Überlebenden (Abbildung 3a) im Vergleich zu den Verstorbenen besser, signifikant für die körperliche Funktion und für die Symptomskalen Fatigue, Schmerz (Abbildung 3b), motorische Dysfunktion, Kommunikationsdefizit und Beinschwäche (Abbildung 3c).Schlussfolgerung:Die kürzere Fragebogenvariante B schien bezüglich der Praktikabilität und Compliance besser zu sein. Demzufolge wird diese Variante in der aktuell laufenden Hauptphase mit zusätzlichen Zentren verwendet (Abbildung 4). Erste Ergebnisse deuten auf eine mäßige LQ-Verschlechterung bei 3-Monats-Überlebenden hin. Möglicherweise könnte die initiale objektivierte LQ als prädiktiver Faktor herangezogen werden.


Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie | 2002

Patient information in radiooncology results of a patient survey.

Christof Schäfer; Barbara Dietl; Kurt Putnik; Daniel Altmann; Jörg Marienhagen; Manfred Herbst

Background: As a result of increased interest and public demand, providing patients with adequate information about radiooncology has become more and more difficult for the doctor. Insufficient patient information can not only cause anxiety for the patient, but can also lead to legal action against the physician. In order to gain a deepter insight into our clinical practice of providing patient information, we developed a special questionnaire. We describe our first experiences in using this questionnaire at our institute. Patients and Methods: We examined the amount of information and level of satisfaction, as well as the agreement of assessment between patient and physician after the provision of standard patient information before and at the end of radiotherapy. 51 consecutive patients were interviewed with a newly designed questionnaire. The first questioning with 13 items was carried out before radiotherapy and the second with ten items was done at the end of treatment. Sum scores for information and satisfaction were defined and agreement was measured by the weighted κ coefficient. Results: Global level of information and satisfaction was good, and a significant increase in information level and a significant decline in satisfaction were seen between questionnaire 1 and 2. Agreement between patient and physician was fair, for example intent of treatment resulted in a κ coefficient of 0.34, and poor for the doctors role with a κ coefficient of −0.002. Only 52% of the patients who received palliative radiotherapy rated correctly the non-curative intent of treatment, whereas 86% of the patients who received curative radiotherapy made a currect statement. Before radiotherapy, emotional state was often both negatively and positively assessed by the patients. Conclusion: Our short questionnaire is simple and easy to understand. It provides insights into patient information with respect to assessment of the information, satisfaction level, and agreement between doctor and patient. Therefore, it is suitable for use in the clinical routine. We found a high information and satisfaction score, but limited agreement between physician and patient. In the future, the questionnaire can be used as an aid to evaluate patient information in everyday practice and to train the communication skills of the physician. Further evaluation of the questionnaire is needed and, in particular, the aspect of patient information with palliative radiotherapy has to be improved.Hintergrund: Mit den gestiegenen Interessen und Ansprüchen der Öffentlichkeit ist auch die Patientenaufklärung in der Strahlentherapie für den Arzt mehr und mehr schwieriger geworden. Eine fehlerhafte Aufklärung kann für den Arzt juristische Konsequenzen haben oder beim Patienten Angst auslösen. Um einen genaueren Einblick in die klinische Routine unserer Patientenaufklärung zu erhalten, entwickelten wir einen speziellen Fragebogen. Erste Erfahrungen werden dargestellt, die wir in unserer Einrichtung sammelten. Patienten und Methoden: Das Niveau der Informiertheit, der Zufriedenheit und das Ausmaß der Übereinstimmung der Bewertung zwischen Patient und Arzt nach einer herkömmlichen Aufklärung vor Strahlentherapie und am Ende einer Strahlentherapie wurden geprüft. Dazu wurden 51 konsekutive Patienten mit einem neu entwickelten Fragebogen interviewt. Die erste Befragung mit 13 Items wurde vor der Strahlentherapie und die zweite mit zehn Items wurde am letzten Tag der Therapie durchgeführt. Summenscores der Informiertheit und Zufriedenheit wurden errechnet, und die Übereinstimmung wurde gemäß dem gewichteten κ-Koeffizienten gemessen. Resultate: Die globale Informiertheit und Zufriedenheit war gut; ein signifikanter Anstieg der Informiertheit und ein signifikanter Abfall der Zufriedenheit waren zwischen den Befragungen vor und am Ende der Bestrahlung zu beobachten. Die Übereinstimmung zwischen Patient und Arzt war passabel, z. B. in der Beurteilung der Behandlungsintention mit einem κ-Koeffizienten von 0,34 und gering z. B. in der Sicht der Arztrolle mit einem κ-Koeffizienten von −0,002. In der palliativen Situation gaben nur 52% der Patienten die nicht kurative Intention korrekt an, wohingegen 86% der kurativ behandelten Patienten die Behandlungsintention korrekt wiedergaben. Vor Strahlentherapie wurde die emotionale Befindlichkeit von den Patienten häufig sowohl negativ als auch positiv bewertet. Schlussfolgerung: Nach unserer Erfahrung ist der kurze Fragebogen einfach und gut verständlich. Er erlaubt Einblicke in die Aufklärung unter Bewertung der Informiertheit, Zufriedenheit und Übereinstimmung zwischen Arzt und Patient. Er ist deshalb für dien klinischen Einsatz geeignet. Wir fanden ein hohes Maß der Informiertheit und der Zufriedenheit, aber eine geringe Übereinstimmung in der Bewertung zwischen Arzt und Patient. Zukünftig kann der Fragebogen als Hilfsmittel eingesetzt werden, um die Patientenaufklärung in der klinischen Praxis zu evaluieren und die ärztliche Kommunikationsfähigkeit zu schulen. Der Fragebogen muss weiter verbessert werden, der Aufklärung über die palliative Strahlentherapie ist dabei besondere Beachtung zu schenken.


Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie | 2009

Effects of radiotherapy for brain metastases on quality of life (QoL). Prospective pilot study of the DEGRO QoL working party.

Diana Steinmann; Christof Schäfer; van Oorschot B; Hans-Joachim Wypior; Bruns F; Bölling T; Sehlen S; Hagg J; Anja Bayerl; Hans Geinitz; Matthias Hipp; Dirk Vordermark

Background:Prospective data on quality-of-life (QoL) effects of radiotherapy for brain metastases are currently lacking, but would be of great interest to guide therapeutic decisions.Patients and Methods:From 01/2007 to 08/2007, 46 patients with previously untreated brain metastases were recruited at eight centers. QoL was measured at start of treatment (T0) and at 3 months (T3mo). In the pilot study, two combinations of QoL instruments could be used at the discretion of the centers (A: EORTC QLQ-C30 and B: EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL both with brain module BN20, assessment by proxies with A: Palliative Care Outcome Scale, B: self-constructed brain-specific instrument).Results:All patients received whole-brain radiotherapy, four with an additional boost irradiation. At T3mo, 26/46 patients (56.5%) had died. 17/20 survivors (85%) completed the questionnaires. In 3-month survivors, QoL deteriorated in most domains, significant in drowsiness, hair loss and weakness of legs. The scores for headaches and seizures were slightly better after 3 months. Assessment by proxies also suggested worsening of QoL. Initial QoL at T0 was better in those alive than in those deceased at T3mo, significant for physical function and for the symptom scales of fatigue and pain, motor dysfunction, communication deficit and weakness of legs.Conclusion:Practicability and compliance appeared better with the (shorter) version B. This version is now used in the ongoing main phase of the study with additional centers. First results indicate a moderate worsening of QoL during the first 3 months after start of palliative radiotherapy for brain metastases. QoL at initiation of radiotherapy may be prognostic for survival.Hintergrund:Prospektive Daten über die Auswirkung einer palliativen Strahlentherapie auf die Lebensqualität (LQ) von Patienten mit Hirnmetastasen existieren nur wenige, jedoch sind sie von großem Interesse für Therapieentscheidungen.Patienten und Methodik:Von 01/2007 bis 08/2007 wurden an acht Zentren 46 Patienten mit bisher unbehandelten Hirnmetastasen rekrutiert (Tabelle 1). Die LQ vor und 3 Monate nach palliativer Strahlentherapie wurde erhoben. In der Pilotphase konnten die Zentren zwischen zwei Kombinationen von Instrumenten wählen (A: EORTC QLQ-C30 und B: QLQ C15-PAL jeweils mit Hirnmodul BN20, Fremdeinschätzung durch Angehörige mittels A: Palliative Care Outcome Scale, B: eigenen Hirnmoduls).Ergebnisse:Alle Patienten erhielten eine Ganzhirnbestrahlung, vier Patienten zusätzlich eine Boostbestrahlung. 3 Monate nach Therapiebeginn waren 26/46 Patienten (56,5%) verstorben. Die Rücklaufquote der Fragebögen der Überlebenden betrug 17/20 (85%). Für dieses Kollektiv der 3-Monats-Überlebenden zeigte die Selbsteinschätzung eine Verschlechterung in den meisten Bereichen, signifikant für Schläfrigkeit, Alopezie und Beinschwäche. Die Scores für Kopfschmerzen und Krampfleiden waren nach 3 Monaten etwas besser (Abbildung 1). Die Fremdeinschätzungen zeigten ebenfalls eine zunehmende Beeinträchtigung der Patienten nach 3 Monaten (Abbildung 2). Die initiale LQ war bei den 3-Monats-Überlebenden (Abbildung 3a) im Vergleich zu den Verstorbenen besser, signifikant für die körperliche Funktion und für die Symptomskalen Fatigue, Schmerz (Abbildung 3b), motorische Dysfunktion, Kommunikationsdefizit und Beinschwäche (Abbildung 3c).Schlussfolgerung:Die kürzere Fragebogenvariante B schien bezüglich der Praktikabilität und Compliance besser zu sein. Demzufolge wird diese Variante in der aktuell laufenden Hauptphase mit zusätzlichen Zentren verwendet (Abbildung 4). Erste Ergebnisse deuten auf eine mäßige LQ-Verschlechterung bei 3-Monats-Überlebenden hin. Möglicherweise könnte die initiale objektivierte LQ als prädiktiver Faktor herangezogen werden.


Supportive Care in Cancer | 2006

Medical decision-making of the patient in the context of the family: results of a survey

Christof Schäfer; Kurt Putnik; Barbara Dietl; Peter Leiberich; Thomas Loew; Oliver Kölbl

Goals of the studyFrom the perspective of patient autonomy, the family is often looked upon as a troublemaker in medical decision-making. The question remains open as to whether it is possible to do justice to the autonomy of the individual patient and to the claims of his family at the same time.Patients and methodsA clinical study was undertaken when both patients and dependants were interviewed. One hundred people (50 pairs) participated in this study and could be analyzed. A questionnaire consisting of 15 items was used and was evaluated to see if and how the attitudes concerning medical decision-making differ between patient and dependant.ResultsThe majority of the interviewees (89%) agreed with the opinion that medical decisions should be made jointly by the patient, the family, and the doctor. Ninety-three percent approved of the claim to inform not only the patient, but also the family. Seventy percent of the patients and 54% of the dependants think that the family is entitled to have a say in matters concerning medical decision-making, only 30% of the patients, but 42% of the dependants argued against this view. Eighty-four percent of the patients argued against a change in this right at the end of life, which was approved by 32% of the family members.ConclusionsThe family plays a central role in medical decision-making. This could be shown by a survey among patients with malignant diseases and their dependants. These initial findings must be verified in a larger population. The increased inclusion of the family in the process of medical decision-making corresponds in general to the expressed will of the patients. The model of shared decision-making is favored by values which both the family and the patient have in common. Thus, a family-based decision-making theory needs to be formulated in the future.


BMC Cancer | 2012

Prospective evaluation of quality of life effects in patients undergoing palliative radiotherapy for brain metastases

Diana Steinmann; Yvonne Paelecke-Habermann; Hans Geinitz; Raimund Aschoff; Anja Bayerl; Tobias Bölling; Elisabeth Bosch; Frank Bruns; Ute Eichenseder-Seiss; Johanna Gerstein; Nadine Gharbi; Juliane Hagg; Matthias Hipp; Irmgard Kleff; Axel Müller; Christof Schäfer; Ursula Schleicher; Susanne Sehlen; Marilena Theodorou; Hans-Joachim Wypior; Franz Zehentmayr; Birgitt van Oorschot; Dirk Vordermark

BackgroundRecently published results of quality of life (QoL) studies indicated different outcomes of palliative radiotherapy for brain metastases. This prospective multi-center QoL study of patients with brain metastases was designed to investigate which QoL domains improve or worsen after palliative radiotherapy and which might provide prognostic information.MethodsFrom 01/2007-01/2009, n=151 patients with previously untreated brain metastases were recruited at 14 centers in Germany and Austria. Most patients (82 %) received whole-brain radiotherapy. QoL was measured with the EORTC-QLQ-C15-PAL and brain module BN20 before the start of radiotherapy and after 3 months.ResultsAt 3 months, 88/142 (62 %) survived. Nine patients were not able to be followed up. 62 patients (70.5 % of 3-month survivors) completed the second set of questionnaires. Three months after the start of radiotherapy QoL deteriorated significantly in the areas of global QoL, physical function, fatigue, nausea, pain, appetite loss, hair loss, drowsiness, motor dysfunction, communication deficit and weakness of legs. Although the use of corticosteroid at 3 months could be reduced compared to pre-treatment (63 % vs. 37 %), the score for headaches remained stable. Initial QoL at the start of treatment was better in those alive than in those deceased at 3 months, significantly for physical function, motor dysfunction and the symptom scales fatigue, pain, appetite loss and weakness of legs. In a multivariate model, lower Karnofsky performance score, higher age and higher pain ratings before radiotherapy were prognostic of 3-month survival.ConclusionsModerate deterioration in several QoL domains was predominantly observed three months after start of palliative radiotherapy for brain metastases. Future studies will need to address the individual subjective benefit or burden from such treatment. Baseline QoL scores before palliative radiotherapy for brain metastases may contain prognostic information.


Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie | 2005

Waiting for Radiotherapy A National Call for Ethical Discourse on Waiting Lists in Radiotherapy: Findings from a Preliminary Survey

Christof Schäfer; Kristin Nelson; Manfred Herbst

Background and Purpose:Growing incidence of cancer and the demographic changes of the society can cause severe shortage in radiotherapy services. This can lead to the use of waiting lists, which can serve as an indicator model for shortage of medical service. To investigate whether and how waiting lists are used in Germany, a survey was undertaken among German radiooncologists. Their opinion concerning the use of waiting lists and their attitude toward the involved ethical problems were the central topics of this study.Material and Methods:A questionnaire was developed which consisted of 18 items: four items covered general aspects, four were about the management of waiting lists, seven concerned problems of waiting lists, and three were about the future aspects. From all items, at least ten touched ethical aspects such as patient information or the doctor-patient relationship. 19 consecutice radiooncologists answered the questionnaire via telephone. The main interest of this study was to generate further hypotheses for future research.Results:From all doctors (n = 19), most did not use waiting lists (n = 12) in their practice, whereas the remaining did use them (n = 7). Limited resources were seen as the central underlying problem (n = 16). Two guiding principles were most often quoted for managing waiting lists: patients with complaints such as pain before those without (n = 18) and curative before palliative radiotherapy (n = 15). Concerning the information given to patients about the use of waiting lists, some doctors voted for detailed information (n = 7), which covers negative side effects of waiting lists such as tumor progression during waiting time, others voted against (n = 11). There was a profound disagreement on the question of whether curative and palliative radiotherapy should be differently treated in the context of waiting lists. 70% of the group, who used waiting lists, could give a moral justification for waiting lists, whereas only 28% of the group, who did not use them, could offer a justification.Conclusion:The survey showed that doctors were most concerned about the ethical aspects of waiting lists. Open questions are: (1) What is the best principle for a fair distribution of limited radiotherapy places? (2) How should patients be informed about waiting lists? (3) What moral justifications can be given for waiting lists? These issues must therefore become topics of future research and national dialogue, because the answers to these questions are necessary for the clinical use of waiting lists in radiotherapy.Hintergrund und Ziel:Die ansteigende Krebsinzidenz und die demographischen Veränderungen der Gesellschaft können eine Verknappung strahlentherapeutischer Leistungen verursachen. Dies kann dazu führen, dass Wartelisten verwendet werden, die deshalb als ein Indikatormodell der Verknappung medizinischer Leistungen dienen können. Weil bislang nicht bekannt ist, ob und wie Wartelisten in Deutschland verwendet werden, wurde eine Befragung unter deutschen Radioonkologen unternommen. Die Meinung zu Wartelisten und die Haltung gegenüber den involvierten ethischen Problemen waren zentraler Gegenstand dieser Studie.Material und Methodik:Ein Fragebogen wurde entworfen, der insgesamt aus 18 Items bestand: Vier Items betrafen allgemeine Aspekte, vier das Management von Wartelisten, sieben berührten Probleme von Wartelisten und drei Aspekte der zukünftigen Entwicklung. Davon waren bei mindestens zehn Items auch ethische Aspekte betroffen wie z. B. die Aufklärung und das Arzt-Patienten-Verhältnis. 19 Radioonkologen beantworteten konsekutiv den Fragebogen per Telefon. Das hauptsächliche Interesse dieser Arbeit lag darin, weitere Hypothesen für zukünftige Studien zu generieren.Ergebnisse:Von allen Ärzten (n = 19) verwendeten die meisten (n = 12) keine Wartelisten in ihrer Klinik, wohingegen der verbleibende Rest (n = 7) diese einsetzte. Begrenzte Ressourcen wurden übereinstimmend als zentrales Problem angesehen, das Wartelisten zugrunde liegt (n = 16). Für das Management von Wartelisten wurden zwei Prinzipien am häufigsten angegeben: Patienten mit Problemen vor solchen ohne Probleme (n = 18) und kurative Strahlentherapie vor palliativer Strahlentherapie (n = 15). Was die Aufklärung angeht, waren einige Ärzte für eine detaillierte Aufklärung (n = 7), ein größerer Teil sprach sich aber gegen eine detaillierte Aufklärung aus (n = 11). Es fand sich eine deutliche Nichtübereinstimmung, ob die kurative Strahlentherapie im Kontext von Wartelisten anders behandelt werden sollte als die palliative Strahlentherapie. 70% derjenigen, die Wartelisten einsetzten, konnten eine moralische Begründung für Wartelisten angeben, wohingegen nur 28% derjenigen, die diese nicht verwendeten, eine solche Begründung anzuführen vermochten.Schlussfolgerung:Die Umfrage identifiziert die ethischen Aspekte als die wichtigsten und kontroversesten Gesichtspunkte bei der Verwendung von Wartelisten. Offene Fragen sind: 1. Was ist das beste Prinzip für die gerechte Verteilung begrenzter Strahlentherapieplätze? 2. Wie sollen Patienten über Wartelisten aufgeklärt werden? 3. Welche moralische Begründung kann für die Verwendung von Wartelisten angeführt werden? All dies sollte Gegenstand zukünftiger Forschung werden, weil die Antworten auf diese Fragen für den klinischen Einsatz von Wartelisten notwendig sind.


Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie | 2005

Waiting for Radiotherapy

Christof Schäfer; Kristin Nelson; Manfred Herbst

Background and Purpose:Growing incidence of cancer and the demographic changes of the society can cause severe shortage in radiotherapy services. This can lead to the use of waiting lists, which can serve as an indicator model for shortage of medical service. To investigate whether and how waiting lists are used in Germany, a survey was undertaken among German radiooncologists. Their opinion concerning the use of waiting lists and their attitude toward the involved ethical problems were the central topics of this study.Material and Methods:A questionnaire was developed which consisted of 18 items: four items covered general aspects, four were about the management of waiting lists, seven concerned problems of waiting lists, and three were about the future aspects. From all items, at least ten touched ethical aspects such as patient information or the doctor-patient relationship. 19 consecutice radiooncologists answered the questionnaire via telephone. The main interest of this study was to generate further hypotheses for future research.Results:From all doctors (n = 19), most did not use waiting lists (n = 12) in their practice, whereas the remaining did use them (n = 7). Limited resources were seen as the central underlying problem (n = 16). Two guiding principles were most often quoted for managing waiting lists: patients with complaints such as pain before those without (n = 18) and curative before palliative radiotherapy (n = 15). Concerning the information given to patients about the use of waiting lists, some doctors voted for detailed information (n = 7), which covers negative side effects of waiting lists such as tumor progression during waiting time, others voted against (n = 11). There was a profound disagreement on the question of whether curative and palliative radiotherapy should be differently treated in the context of waiting lists. 70% of the group, who used waiting lists, could give a moral justification for waiting lists, whereas only 28% of the group, who did not use them, could offer a justification.Conclusion:The survey showed that doctors were most concerned about the ethical aspects of waiting lists. Open questions are: (1) What is the best principle for a fair distribution of limited radiotherapy places? (2) How should patients be informed about waiting lists? (3) What moral justifications can be given for waiting lists? These issues must therefore become topics of future research and national dialogue, because the answers to these questions are necessary for the clinical use of waiting lists in radiotherapy.Hintergrund und Ziel:Die ansteigende Krebsinzidenz und die demographischen Veränderungen der Gesellschaft können eine Verknappung strahlentherapeutischer Leistungen verursachen. Dies kann dazu führen, dass Wartelisten verwendet werden, die deshalb als ein Indikatormodell der Verknappung medizinischer Leistungen dienen können. Weil bislang nicht bekannt ist, ob und wie Wartelisten in Deutschland verwendet werden, wurde eine Befragung unter deutschen Radioonkologen unternommen. Die Meinung zu Wartelisten und die Haltung gegenüber den involvierten ethischen Problemen waren zentraler Gegenstand dieser Studie.Material und Methodik:Ein Fragebogen wurde entworfen, der insgesamt aus 18 Items bestand: Vier Items betrafen allgemeine Aspekte, vier das Management von Wartelisten, sieben berührten Probleme von Wartelisten und drei Aspekte der zukünftigen Entwicklung. Davon waren bei mindestens zehn Items auch ethische Aspekte betroffen wie z. B. die Aufklärung und das Arzt-Patienten-Verhältnis. 19 Radioonkologen beantworteten konsekutiv den Fragebogen per Telefon. Das hauptsächliche Interesse dieser Arbeit lag darin, weitere Hypothesen für zukünftige Studien zu generieren.Ergebnisse:Von allen Ärzten (n = 19) verwendeten die meisten (n = 12) keine Wartelisten in ihrer Klinik, wohingegen der verbleibende Rest (n = 7) diese einsetzte. Begrenzte Ressourcen wurden übereinstimmend als zentrales Problem angesehen, das Wartelisten zugrunde liegt (n = 16). Für das Management von Wartelisten wurden zwei Prinzipien am häufigsten angegeben: Patienten mit Problemen vor solchen ohne Probleme (n = 18) und kurative Strahlentherapie vor palliativer Strahlentherapie (n = 15). Was die Aufklärung angeht, waren einige Ärzte für eine detaillierte Aufklärung (n = 7), ein größerer Teil sprach sich aber gegen eine detaillierte Aufklärung aus (n = 11). Es fand sich eine deutliche Nichtübereinstimmung, ob die kurative Strahlentherapie im Kontext von Wartelisten anders behandelt werden sollte als die palliative Strahlentherapie. 70% derjenigen, die Wartelisten einsetzten, konnten eine moralische Begründung für Wartelisten angeben, wohingegen nur 28% derjenigen, die diese nicht verwendeten, eine solche Begründung anzuführen vermochten.Schlussfolgerung:Die Umfrage identifiziert die ethischen Aspekte als die wichtigsten und kontroversesten Gesichtspunkte bei der Verwendung von Wartelisten. Offene Fragen sind: 1. Was ist das beste Prinzip für die gerechte Verteilung begrenzter Strahlentherapieplätze? 2. Wie sollen Patienten über Wartelisten aufgeklärt werden? 3. Welche moralische Begründung kann für die Verwendung von Wartelisten angeführt werden? All dies sollte Gegenstand zukünftiger Forschung werden, weil die Antworten auf diese Fragen für den klinischen Einsatz von Wartelisten notwendig sind.


Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie | 2012

Angst und Depressivität bei Tumorpatienten im Verlauf der radioonkologischen Behandlung

J. Maurer; Christof Schäfer; O. Maurer; Oliver Kölbl

BACKGROUND Undergoing radiotherapy is often associated with severe impairment of quality of life in cancer patients. Especially psychosocial aspects like anxiety and depression play a major role. The aim of this study was to closely analyze anxiety and depression during the course of radiotherapy treatment. METHODS A total of 60 patients, who received radiotherapy because of a tumor disease between June 2005 and April 2006, were included in the prospective study; 57 (95%) patients were primarily treated with radiotherapy. In 72% of the cases the intention to treat was curable, in 18% palliative. Anxiety and depression (HADS-D) were assessed at three points in time: before (A) and after (B) radiotherapy treatment (RT), and 6 weeks after finishing RT at the follow-up appointment (C). RESULTS Before therapy (A), 41% of the treated patients showed positive or marginally positive symptoms of anxiety and 33% symptoms of depression. The symptoms of anxiety significantly decreased during the course of therapy. The proportion of patients with a positive score of anxiety dropped from 16% at the beginning of RT (A) to 9% after the RT (B; p = 0.04). In addition, there was an increase in the number of patients who scored negatively with regard to anxiety from 59% (A) to 72% (B; p = 0.04). With regard to the median score of anxiety, no statistically significant change (p > 0.05) was observed during therapy, while for depression, the number of positively tested patients also decreased significantly during the course of therapy from the beginning of RT (A, 14%) to the first follow-up appointment (C, 9%; p = 0.02). Furthermore, the number of negatively tested patients rose by 8% (p = 0.02). During the whole course of the study, the median score of depression decreased from 6 (A) to 5 points (C; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION More than one third of the treated patients suffered from positive or marginally positive symptoms of anxiety and depression. This present study showed a decrease of anxiety and depression symptoms during the course of radiotherapy.


Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie | 2012

Anxiety and depression in cancer patients during the course of radiotherapy treatment

J. Maurer; Christof Schäfer; O. Maurer; Oliver Kölbl

BACKGROUND Undergoing radiotherapy is often associated with severe impairment of quality of life in cancer patients. Especially psychosocial aspects like anxiety and depression play a major role. The aim of this study was to closely analyze anxiety and depression during the course of radiotherapy treatment. METHODS A total of 60 patients, who received radiotherapy because of a tumor disease between June 2005 and April 2006, were included in the prospective study; 57 (95%) patients were primarily treated with radiotherapy. In 72% of the cases the intention to treat was curable, in 18% palliative. Anxiety and depression (HADS-D) were assessed at three points in time: before (A) and after (B) radiotherapy treatment (RT), and 6 weeks after finishing RT at the follow-up appointment (C). RESULTS Before therapy (A), 41% of the treated patients showed positive or marginally positive symptoms of anxiety and 33% symptoms of depression. The symptoms of anxiety significantly decreased during the course of therapy. The proportion of patients with a positive score of anxiety dropped from 16% at the beginning of RT (A) to 9% after the RT (B; p = 0.04). In addition, there was an increase in the number of patients who scored negatively with regard to anxiety from 59% (A) to 72% (B; p = 0.04). With regard to the median score of anxiety, no statistically significant change (p > 0.05) was observed during therapy, while for depression, the number of positively tested patients also decreased significantly during the course of therapy from the beginning of RT (A, 14%) to the first follow-up appointment (C, 9%; p = 0.02). Furthermore, the number of negatively tested patients rose by 8% (p = 0.02). During the whole course of the study, the median score of depression decreased from 6 (A) to 5 points (C; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION More than one third of the treated patients suffered from positive or marginally positive symptoms of anxiety and depression. This present study showed a decrease of anxiety and depression symptoms during the course of radiotherapy.

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Oliver Kölbl

University of Regensburg

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Matthias Hipp

University of Regensburg

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Barbara Dietl

University of Regensburg

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Frank Bruns

Hannover Medical School

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Kurt Putnik

University of Regensburg

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Manfred Herbst

University of Regensburg

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