Claudia Alves

Influence of Intestinal Microbiota on Body Weight Gain: a Narrative Review of the Literature

In recent decades, experimental and clinical studies have associated the development of obesity with the composition of the gut microbiota. Mechanisms potentially involved in the contribution of gut microbiota to body weight gain include changes in energy extraction from the diet and the modulation of lipid metabolism, endocrine functions, and the immune system. The host’s specific genetic heritage, the type and amount of food intake, chronic inflammation, reduced body energy expenditure, and exposure to obesogenic pollutants are also potential contributing factors. The pathophysiological processes involved in the relationship between gut microbiota and obesity are not fully understood, and further studies are needed to establish whether differences in gut bacterial diversity between obese and normal body weight individuals are the cause or a consequence of obesity.

Short-term specialized enteral diet fails to attenuate malnutrition impairment of experimental open wound acute healing

OBJECTIVE We assessed the effect of enteral refeeding on the morphology, gene expression, and contraction of acute open wounds in previously malnourished rats using two different enteral diets. METHODS Adult male isogenic Lewis rats divided into two groups (eutrophic, n = 30; and previously malnourished, 12-15% body weight loss, n = 27) were subjected to cutaneous dorsal wounds and gastrostomy. Control rats received a standard oral diet (AIN-93M chow) plus enteral saline solution. Subject rats received chow plus a standard enteral diet or an enteral diet enriched with arginine and antioxidants. On post-trauma days 7 and 14, wound granulation tissue samples were collected for morphologic analysis using hematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius stain or immunohistochemistry slides and real-time polymerase chain reaction for collagen I and III gene expression. Wound contraction was also evaluated by comparing wound images from days 0, 7, and 14. RESULTS Malnourished control rats had increased intensity and duration of wound inflammation, impaired increase of fibroblast cells contingent on post-trauma days 7 to 14, decreased expression of collagen III, and less wound contraction compared with eutrophic control rats. A specialized enteral diet did not improve wound healing of malnourished rats but did promote wound contraction at post-trauma day 7 in eutrophic rats. CONCLUSION Short-term enteral refeeding, even with a specialized diet, failed to protect previously wounded malnourished rats from a prolonged inflammatory phase and impaired healing.

TCT-366 Predictors of major complications secondary to cardiac catheterization through femoral access in ST elevation in acute myocardial infarction during Pharmaco-Invasive Therapy.

ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) and recent use of thrombolytics are risk factors for complications related to catheterism, especially in the femoral access. Our goal is to analyze predictors of major complications due to this invasive procedure in patients with STEMI undergoing

Prebiotic and Synbiotic Modifications of Beta Oxidation and Lipogenic Gene Expression after Experimental Hypercholesterolemia in Rat Liver

Background and aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the presence of fat in hepatocytes because of decreased β-oxidation and increased lipogenesis. Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotic have modulatory effects on intestinal microbiota and may influence the gut-liver axis. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of prebiotic, probiotics, and synbiotic on liver histopathology and gene expression related to β-oxidation and lipogenesis after hypercholesterolemia. Methods: Wistar male adult rats (n = 40) were submitted to hypercholesterolemic conditions (HPC) (60 days). On Day 30 of HPC, rats were subdivided in 5 groups: negative control (NC): without HPC + Gv (distilled water); positive control (PC): with HPC + Gv (distilled water); prebiotic (PRE): HPC + Gv with prebiotic (Fiber FOS®); probiotic (PRO): HPC + Gv with probiotic strains Gv (Probiatop®); and synbiotic (SYN): HPC + Gv with synbiotic (Simbioflora®). All rats were sacrificed on Day 30 post-treatment. Blood was collected to verify total serum cholesterol, and liver tissue was sampled to verify histopathological changes and gene expression. Gene expression related to ß-oxidation (PPAR-α and CPT-1) and lipogenesis (SREBP-1c, FAS and ME) was evaluated in liver tissue using RT-qPCR. Results: PC had higher cholesterol levels when compared to NC. PRE and SYN rats had lower cholesterol levels than PC. PC rats showed more histopathological changes than NC rats; PRE and SYN rats showed fewer alterations than PC rats. PPAR-α was expressed at higher levels in SYN and PC rats compared with PRE and PRO rats. CPT-1 expression was similar in all groups. SREBP-1c was expressed at higher levels in PC rats compared with NC rats; levels were lower in SYN rats compared with PRO rats; levels were lower in PRE rats compared with PC and PRO rats. FAS was expressed at lower levels in PRE rats compared with SYN rats. ME expression was lower in PC rats compared with NC rats. Conclusion: Prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation improve hepatic alterations related to hypercholesterolemia. These changes appear to be mediated by altered expression of genes related to β-oxidation and lipogenesis.

Relato de experiência da atuação do nutricionista em Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde

Residencias Multiprofissionais em Saude constituem uma estrategia de formacao de recursos humanos para o Sistema Unico de Saude. Ainda que sejam implementadas as necessarias mudancas curriculares nas graduacoes em saude, ha que se considerar essa modalidade como uma oportunidade de educacao permanente. O presente artigo propoe apresentar um relato de experiencia da atuacao de nutricionistas em um Programa de Residencia Multiprofissional em Saude, enfatizando as potencialidades e os desafios de um fazer coletivo em equipe multiprofissional tanto no âmbito da atencao primaria quanto no da atencao terciaria a saude, nas linhas de cuidado do adulto e do idoso, da mulher e do recem-nascido, da crianca e na saude mental. A elevada carga horaria, a diversidade de cenarios e a complexidade das situacoes vivenciadas na Residencia preparam o profissional para os desafios de sua futura atuacao no Sistema Unico de Saude.

TCT-525 Initial experience with the use of fractional flow reserve in percutaneous intervention of transplant renal artery stenosis

RESULTS In Cohort 1, CFR was significantly lower (2.12 0.79 vs. 2.56 0.63; p<0.001) and HMR was significantly higher (2.61 1.22 vs. 2.31 0.89; p1⁄40.04) in vessels with CAD than the vessels without CAD, within the same patient. mMR was equivalent in obstructed and nonobstructed vessels: 1.54 0.77 vs. 1.53 0.57; p1⁄40.90. Cohort 2 confirmed these findings, showing a significant relationship for CFR and HMR with diameter stenosis % (b1⁄4-0.013, 95%CI [-0.016 to -0.010]; p<0.001 for CFR and b1⁄40.008, 95%CI [0.004 to 0.011]; p<0.001 for HMR per 1%), while mMR was independent of diameter stenosis % (b1⁄40.002, 95%CI [-0.001 to 0.004] per 1%; p1⁄40.15). No association was found between mMR and any of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

TCT-495 A prospective 9-month comparison of the coronary vasomotor response associated with a biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent and a bare metal stent.

BACKGROUND The BioFreedom (BFD) drug-coated stent (Biosensors, Singapore) is a new polymer/carrier-free technology that incorporates a 316L stainless steel platform, which has been modified with a proprietary surface treatment resulting in a selectively micro-structured abluminal surface which allows adhesion of the antiproliferative agent (Biolimus) to the abluminal surface of the stent without a polymer or binder on a drug dose of 15.6mg per mm of stent length. Our objective was to investigate the efficacy of the BFD stent in inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) in patients treated in daily practice with serial angiographic follow-up evaluations.