Cláudia Cazal

Análise Morfológica da Mucosa Oral de Ratos Submetida à Carcinogênese Experimental pelo Óxido de Nitroquinolina (4NQO)

Resumen pt: Objetivo: Induzir a carcinogenese na mucosa lingual de ratos Wistar atraves do oxido de nitroquinolina (4NQO), relacionando as alteracoes clinicas e micr...

Pigmented Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature

Melanin impregnation in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an uncommon histological finding. Rare nonmelanocytic entities were previously described as having melanocyte colonization. A 57-year-old Brazilian woman was referred with a pigmented lesion in the lower lip and alveolar ridge with a prior clinical diagnosis of melanoma. The incisional biopsy of the tumor revealed an SCC with strong colonization of melanocytes in the stroma. The authors report a case of an unusual SCC variant and a brief review of the literature.

Oral Cancer Screening in Elderly in Sao Paulo State, Brazil (2001 to 2009)

Objective: To describe and explore analytically the trends of oral cancer positive cases incidence during nine-year screenings campaign of Sao Paulo´s State (Brazil) and to show other countries and health services an option for tracking at-risk population. Material and Methods: Secondary official data were tabulated and analysed using the Excel and STATA statistical 10.0 software packages. After descriptive statistics, the trend curves were calculated by moving average for each variable (type moving average of two samples centred) to attenuate the random variability of the series, and trends classified: stable, ascending and descending. Results: The trend of municipalities numbers remained stable; the number of examined people, the screening coverage and the absolute number of patients referred to secondary health care showed an increasing trend; and the percentage of suspected cases showed a decreasing trend during the nine-year period. A decrease in the number of suspicious lesions and confirmed cases of oral cancer among the volunteers was observed, and the reorganization of secondary and tertiary levels of oral care helped to modify these numbers. Conclusion: We believe this experience was more important to help health services organization than for the oral cancer diagnosis itself, and it might be used to inspire other countries and oral health services.

Morphological Analysis of the Oral Mucosa of Rats Subjected to Experimental Carcinogenesis by Administration of Nitroquinoline Oxide (4NQO)

Objective: To induce carcinogenesis on the lingual mucosa of Wistar rats by the administration of nitroquinoline oxide (4NQO), relating the clinical and microscopic alterations developed during the time of exposure to the carcinogenic agent. nMethods: Twenty rats were allocated to either an experimental (15 animals) or a control (5 animals) group. In the experimental group, the animals were divided into 3 subgroups in which 5 animals received 4NQO during 2 months (A1), 5 during 3 months (A2), and 5 during 4 months (A3), making it possible to detect the different phases of carcinogenesis. Data were presented as descriptive statistics using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests in the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software, version 13.0. The significance level was set at 5.0%. nResults: Both the animal model and the carcinogenic agent used in the study were satisfactory for inducing similar oral carcinogenesis to the one occurring in humans. The clinical alterations were more accentuated in the animals that received the topical applications of 4NQO during 4 months, ranging from leukoplakia to erythroleukoplakias regions. The histopathological alterations observed in the oral epithelium were compatible with the diagnosis of mild, moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia, in situ carcinoma or invasive carcinoma. nConclusion: The severity of the lesions had a direct relationship with the exposure time to 4NQO.