Claudinei Taborda da Silveira

Morphostructural Mapping of Paraná State, Brazil

Abstract Please click here to download the map associated with this article. The methods used to prepare the morphostructural map of Paraná were based upon morphostructure and morphosculpture concepts to classify the landforms. Information from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission was used to prepare a Digital Elevation Model from which boundaries between different textural units were mapped and geomorphological units identified. The 1:250,000 scale adopted allowed the use of a three level classification of Morphostructural Units, Morphosculptural Units and Morphosculptural Sub-Units. At the 1st level the following morphostructural units were identified: the Atlantic Orogenic Belt, the Sedimentary Basin of Paraná and the Cenozoic Sedimentary Basins and Tectonic Depressions. At the 2nd level the following morphosculptural units were identified: the Serra do Mar (Sea Mountain Range), Isolated Hills and the First Plateau of Paraná, the Second and Third Plateaus, and the Coastal, Fluviomarine and Fluvial Plains. At the 3rd level fifty morphosculptural sub-units were mapped. This work meet the demand that exists for a systematic geomorphological base that will supply information for the States planning system, as well as for geological, ecological-economic and hydrological resources studies, among others.

Emprego de atributos topográficos no mapeamento da susceptibilidade a processos geoambientais na bacia do rio Jacareí, Paraná

O presente trabalho realizou o mapeamento da susceptibilidade a processos geoambientais na bacia do rio Jacarei, localizada na Serra do Mar Paranaense. A escolha da area justifica-se por essa ter sido fortemente afetada por processos de movimentos de massa ocorridos no dia 11 de marco de 2011, que ocasionaram diversos danos e prejuizos a populacao da regiao. A cartografia foi realizada por meio da analise digital do relevo, com o emprego dos atributos topograficos que mostraram melhor relacao com os processos, sendo eles: hipsometria, declividade, plano de curvatura e indice topografico de umidade. A legenda do mapa foi organizada em dez classes, contemplando os processos de escorregamentos, corridas de detritos e inundacoes associadas a corridas de lama, com niveis de susceptibilidade moderada, alta e muito alta.

Geomorfometria: uma Análise de Conceitos, Métodos e Aplicações em Geografia Física (Geomorphometry: an analysis of concepts, methods and applications in physical geography)

A Geomorfometria e uma ciencia interdisciplinar atribuida de importantes bases conceituais e metodologicas para estudos voltados a quantificacao da superficie terrestre, podendo oferecer um conjunto de recursos para mapeamento e predicao do meio fisico, diagnostico/prognostico ambiental e modelagem das formas e processos que possuem relacao direta com a variabilidade topografica de determinada paisagem. Buscando analisar bases teoricas, metodologicas e epistemologicas desta area do conhecimento, bem como indicar exemplos de aplicacoes em Geografia Fisica, o presente trabalho vislumbra caracterizar-se como uma contribuicao inicial para pesquisas que necessitam entender as formas, processos e dinâmica do meio fisico no contexto de abordagens quantitativas; analisando suas potencialidades e limitacoes. A B S T R A C T The Geomorphometry is an interdisciplinary science assigned to of important concepts and methodologies for studies aimed at quantifying the earth’s surface offering an array of resources for mapping and prediction of the physical medium, diagnosis/prognosis assessment and modeling of forms and processes we have a direct relationship with the topographic variability of a given landscape. Seeking to analyze theoretical, methodological and epistemological this science, as well as indicate examples of applications in Physical Geography, the present study envisions characterized as an initial contribution for searches that need to understand the forms, processes and dynamics of the physical medium in the context of quantitative approaches; by analyzing its potential and limitations . Keywords: epistemology of geomorphometry, landscape quantification, digital elevation model, environmental modeling.

Potencialidade do Índice de Posição Topográfica no Mapeamento Pedológico Preditivo em uma Sub-Bacia do Rio Capricórnio-PR

The soils of the northwest of the state of Parana have a high intensity of erosive processes due to its physical-natural characteristics, and these processes initiate in the Ultisols, located in the lower thirds of the slope and evolve reassembling towards the Oxisols. Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) can assist the detailing of existing pedological maps, because the topographic attributes extracted from the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) can predict soil classes. The attribute Topographic Position Index (TPI) compartmentalizes the slope in portions of lower thirds, closer to the bottom of valleys, and the upper thirds, near the water partings. Applied in the sub-basin of the Capricornio River, this index showed great representativeness in the distribution of the studied soils. By cross-tabulation, the TPI was combined with the topographic attribute slope allowing to define three groups: Oxisols, in the upper and middle thirds of the slopes, with gentle slopes; Ultisols, in the lower thirds, of steeper slopes; and the third, which is a transition between both groups. By the DSM, the distribution of the Ultisols in the basin was 14,7 % of the total area. Oxisols extended in most of the basin, with 76,1 %. The portions with transitional soils occupied 9,2 %. The importance of DSM is highlighted, since it can detail more precisely maps less detailed.

Classificação Hierárquica Automatizada de Formas do Relevo no Estado do Paraná Apoiada na Modelagem Digital do Terreno (Automated Hierarchical Classification of Landforms in the State of Paraná Supported by Digital Terrain Modeling)

Na perspectiva da modelagem digital do terreno aplicada a identificacao e mapeamento de feicoes e unidades morfologicas, pautada no desenvolvimento da geomorfometria e das geotecnologias em ambiente de Sistemas de Informacoes Geograficas, o presente trabalho emprega a aplicacao da proposta de classificacao hierarquica de formas do relevo de Hammond (1964), adaptada para o ambiente informatizado por Dikau (1991). A area de estudo adotada compreende o estado do Parana, Brasil. O metodo consiste num sistema de classificacao em tres niveis hierarquicos resultante da combinacao de tres variaveis morfometricas (declividade, gradiente altimetrico e predominio de areas planas) calculados a partir de uma janela movel definida e que resultam em ate 96 classes distintas de relevo. Tendo como referencia o Modelo Digital de Elevacao (MDE) SRTM90, tres janelas amostrais foram testadas: 9,63x9,63km, 4,77x4,77km e 2,43x2,43km. Os resultados apontaram que os parâmetros de entrada, como a resolucao espacial do MDE, tamanho da area amostral e variaveis morfometricas utilizadas, afetam diretamente o produto final, sendo necessario embasar a escolha dos mesmos em relacao aos objetivos do mapeamento, ao fator de escala da base de dados e a taxonomia do relevo. O nivel de detalhamento/generalizacao das classificacoes obtidas tambem evidenciou que as atribuicoes qualitativas (nomenclatura das classes) variam conforme as caracteristicas geomorfologicas locais. Destaca-se, ainda, a potencialidade da classificacao em distinguir e representar unidades morfologicas por niveis de dissecacao do relevo. A proposta automatizada mostrou-se uma alternativa viavel para suporte de apoio em trabalhos de cartografia geomorfologica. Cabe destacar que a inclusao de outros conjuntos de variaveis, modificacao de parâmetros e aplicacao em recortes especificos de estudo emerge como desafio para trabalhos posteriores. A B S T R A C T From the perspective of digital terrain modeling applied to the identification and mapping of features and morphological units, based on the development of geomorphometrics and geotechnology in the environment of Geographic Information Systems, this paper employs the application of the proposed hierarchical classification of landforms Hammond (1964) adapted by Dikau (1991) to computerized environment. The study areas encompassed the state of Parana, Brazil. The method consists of a system of classification into three hierarchical levels resulting from the combination of three morphometric variables (slope, relief and profile type) calculated from a defined moving window and which results in up to 96 different relief classes. With reference to the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) SRTM90 three sample windows were tested: 9.63x9.63km, 4.77x4.77km and 2.43x2.43km. The results showed that the input parameters, the spatial resolution of the DEM, the size of sampling area and the morphometric variables used directly affect the final product. It is therefore necessary to base the selection of the same in relation to the mapping objectives, the scaling factor database and landform taxonomy. The level of detail/generalization of the classifications obtained also showed that the qualitative attributes (nomenclature of classes) vary according to local geomorphological characteristics. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of classification to distinguish and represent morphological units by level of dissection of relief. The automated proposal proved to be a viable alternative to support work in geomorphological mapping. It is worth noting that the inclusion of other sets of variables, parameter modification and application in specific frameworks of study emerges as a challenge for further work. Key words: Geomorphometry; Geomorphological Mapping; DEM SRTM90

Campos Gerais of Paraná: A Regional Palimpsest

In the south-central region of the state of Parana, there is a landscape known as Campos Gerais . Its genesis dates to the Pleistocene, when a colder and drier climate favored the emergence of grassland vegetation interspersed with Araucaria pine forest s. The relief in this regional palimpsest, which is composed of rocks from the Parana Sedimentary Basin, includes peculiar shapes of great scenic beauty, most notably the Vila Velha sandstones and sinkholes regionally known as Furnas. Mesozoic tectonic activity marked the landscape with intrusions of igneous rocks in the form of dikes and the uplifting of the eastern portion of the region, which resulted in a system of faults and fractures. Over time, these faults and fractures were transformed into canyons of widely varying sizes by the erosive action of rivers. The native vegetation, which was generally favorable to grazing, led to colonization of this landscape by non-indigenous peoples.