Claudio Salvadori Dedecca

Gênero e jornada de trabalho: análise das relações entre mercado de trabalho e família

The National Survey per Household Sampling (NSHS) has provided, since the early 2000s, information on the existence and extent of work in household chores. This information, added of the work week in the work market, allows for the construction of an index of the intensity of the total work week in the market and in the extra-market. This essay analyzes the intensity of the total work week for men and women, considering the conditions of occupational insertion, family income, and the family cycle. The analysis shows that women who hold less stable occupations that require less qualification, who have better incomes, and have younger children tend to have longer total work weeks compared to that of men in similar occupational and family conditions and also to women who hold more qualified, higher income positions and also have young children. The results of the assay indicate the need for public policies that are capable of building instruments to protect women and that consider the social differentiation related to the type of insertion in the market. Furthermore, the study shows that job policies cannot be restricted to the work market. It is also necessary to reach the family nucleus organization conditions.

A força de trabalho no complexo da saúde: vantagens e desafios

Este ensaio aborda a importância e a dimensao da forca de trabalho do complexo da saude para o mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Explora a tendencia de crescimento da ocupacao em face das restricoes para o aumento de sua produtividade, especialmente nas atividades do nucleo desse complexo. Em um contexto de recorrente restricao orcamentaria do Estado, o desenvolvimento do Sistema Unico de Saude acaba por resultar em um aumento da cobertura, porem, com deterioracao das condicoes e da remuneracao da forca de trabalho vinculadas as atividades nucleares do complexo da saude. Esse movimento tem sido acompanhado por tensoes na partilha dos recursos com os demais pilares da politica social. O ensaio conclui que, para se alcancar qualidade de atendimento e condicoes adequadas de trabalho, a politica publica de saude demanda o equacionamento adequado de seu financiamento e uma maior articulacao com a matriz institucional da politica social mais geral. Mesmo admitindo-se a necessidade de maior eficiencia do gasto, os recursos existentes sao insuficientes. Alem disso, e apontada a necessidade institucional de articulacao da politica de saude com as demais politicas sociais visando dar uma atencao mais abrangente e de qualidade a populacao.

Salário mínimo, benefício previdenciário e as famílias de baixa renda

This article discusses families with per capita income of up to ¼ of the minimum monthly wage in Brazil. The conditions of participation in the labor market and the influence of social security benefits on the pattern of income earned are analyzed. The concern, therefore, is with the importance of social security benefits in attenuating the fragility of the income of these families and the consequences of the gap between their income and the minimum wage for this pattern of income. Characteristics of the members of low-income families showed that, in view of the structural changes in the production process and the current juncture of the Brazilian economy, persons of active working age lack the pre-requisites for participating with dignity in the world of labor. A study of the composition of the income of the poorest families shows that the income of inactive members (retired persons and pension receivers) is essential in preventing these families from falling below the poverty line. The profile of the members of such families is analyzed on the basis of microdata from the National Household Survey by Sample (PNAD/IBGE) of 2004, according to age, educational level, color or ethnic group, and participation in the labor market, strictly speaking. Factors studied include the type of work exercised and the position in the occupation. The comparison of the profile of members of the poorest families with that of all families shows that the income of retired members and pension receivers are essential not only in reducing the fall in inequality, but basically in reducing poverty itself.

A dimensão ocupacional do setor de atendimento à saúde no Brasil

This article proposes a methodology to estimate the occupational dimension of the Health Care sector and emphasizes the essential role played by this sector in the generation of jobs and in the improvement of the qualification profile of the Brazilian labour market. The assumption underlying the analysis is that, for the health care sector, as for the other segments connected with social policy, labour is the central element in the organization of their activities. Although the new technologies may help, they can only replace the human resources in a very limited number of activities. Since an important part of the risks inherent to care cannot be reversed, and must, therefore, be systematically prevented, health care requires the constant elaboration of policies concerned with the qualification and regulation of human resources in health. The analysis is based on data from the 2000 Demographic Census and from the Annual Relation of Social Information for the year 2001.

[The workforce in the Brazilian healthcare grid: advantages and challenges].

This essay discusses the importance and the dimension of the workforce in the healthcare grid in the Brazilian labor market. It examines the growing occupation trend in relation to restrictions to the rise in productivity, especially in the activities in the center of the healthcare complex. In a context of recurrent governmental budget constraints, the development of the Unified Health System ultimately results in increased coverage, but with deteriorating conditions and wages. This trend has also been accompanied by tensions in resource sharing with other pillars of social policies. The essay concludes that, in order to achieve high quality treatment and adequate working conditions, public health policy requires a better solution for its funding and greater linkages with the institutional matrix of general social policies. Even with the need for greater efficiency in spending, current resources are insufficient. Furthermore, it is important to highlight the need for institutional interaction of health policy with other social policies, seeking to ensure a more comprehensive and quality service for the population.

AVALIAÇÃO DA DURAÇÃO DO DESEMPREGO NAS REGIÕES METROPOLITANAS DE SALVADOR E DE SÃO PAULO

Este trabalho analisou a duracao completa do desemprego nas regioes metropolitanas de Salvador e de Sao Paulo, no periodo compreendido entre 2000 e 2002. Para tanto, utilizou-se de uma amostra de 25.477 pessoas da RMS e de 28.285 da RMSP, cujas informacoes foram levantadas pela Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego. O procedimento metodologico busca estimar essa duracao por meio de dados cross-section e do uso de coortes de desempregados em um periodo selecionado. O objetivo e verificar a probabilidade de passagem de uma coorte a outra, tal como sugerido por Sider (1985), Corak e Heisz (1995b) e Baker, Corak e Heisz (1996). As duracoes completas foram calculadas por tres formas de medida: duracao para tras, em estado estacionario e duracao para a frente. A incidencia de desempregados e as participacoes no estoque foram ainda estimadas, por sexo, cor, condicao de chefe de familia, de jovem e faixas de escolaridade. Foi tambem verificada a influencia que a taxa de desemprego exerce sobre a duracao do desemprego. Os resultados apontam uma duracao media em estado estacionario de 9,4 meses para a RMS e de 8,8 meses para a RMSP, quando as duracoes incompletas foram estimadas em 22,3 e 19,5 meses, respectivamente.

Desenvolvimento e equidade: Desafios do crescimento brasileiro

O crescimento economico da decada de 2000 permitiu ao Brasil recuperar a capacidade de gerar empregos, expandir a renda das familias e reduzir as desigualdades. No entanto, desde 2011, a economia brasileira padece de uma dificuldade persistente em obter maior crescimento, devido a continuidade da crise internacional e a reducao da taxa de investimento. Este artigo discute alguns dos desafios do crescimento brasileiro para alcancar uma distribuicao da renda mais equitativa, tendo em vista a institucionalidade das politicas publicas setoriais, da infraestrutura nacional e do trabalho social.

Desigualdade, mas de qual falamos?

What inequality are we talking about? The essay was motivated by the recent disclosure of documents by multilateral development institutions demonstrating that the last phase of economic growth has tended to aggravate socioeconomic inequality. The purpose of the current analyze is to debate the advances that have been made and the persisting methodological and analytical difficulties in the debate on inequality as well as to contribute with a few insights towards the construction of a multidimensional view of a recurring and inherent aspect of capitalist development.

A queda da desigualdade de renda corrente e a participação do 1% de domicílios de maior renda, 2000-2010

According to OECD, the recent process of deterioration of the income distribution chain in developing and developed countries has been marked by increased participation of 1% of households with higher income. In the past decade, Brazil has escaped the general trend of deterioration of the income distribution. This paper shows that the reduction of economic inequality was accompanying the reluctance of the participation of top 1%, arguing that the reproduction of the movement more generally requires that this participation has been reduced in the current decade, to enable sustained growth and development with social justice.

Condição de exportação e emprego formal na indústria brasileira, 2003-2008*

A recomposicao da base produtiva brasileira, apos a decada 1990, ocorreu em um contexto de economia aberta e exposta a maior concorrencia internacional, muitas vezes estabelecida em condicoes desfavoraveis, mas caracterizada por maior insercao externa da industria brasileira. Este ensaio analisa os efeitos desse contexto economico para a geracao de empregos no setor industrial, segundo a condicao de insercao das empresas no mercado internacional. Busca elucidar se a insercao externa das empresas esta associada a perfis ocupacionais mais favoraveis em termos de qualificacao e estabilidade do emprego. Os resultados confirmam que a continuidade da trajetoria de crescimento com insercao externa representa um vetor relevante para maior qualificacao da forca de trabalho.