Clélio Campolina Diniz

A nova configuração regional brasileira e sua geografia econômica

The aim of this paper is to identify the new regional pattern of the Brazilian economy by defining its economic poles and their areas of polarization, which will provide an economic regionalization for Brazil. The methodological tools to assign this objective will be an adapted version of the gravitational model using the Geographic Information System - GIS. This procedure will allow the identification of the influence areas for each regional pole, based on the potential interaction among the spatial units and their hierarchy in terms of economic power of attraction. The microregion of the Brazilian Statistics Bureau (IBGE) will be the spatial unit of this study, which will rely on microdata of the 1991 Demographic Census. The digital cartographic base is the Brazilian Municipal Digital Network converted into the MapInfo. The results will provide a hierarchical spatial structure of macro regions, mesoregions, microregions, and municipalities. In addition, we will make a basic economic characterization of the regions related to their agglomeration capability and economic activities.

A regiao metropolitana de Sao Paulo: reestruturacao, re-espacializacao e novas funcoes

A partir do final do seculo XIX e ate aproximadamente 1970, o municipio de Sao Paulo e a Regiao Metropolitana de Sao Paulo (RMSP) assumiram, de forma crescente, a posicao de centro economico e industrial do pais, com forte processo de concentracao das atividades industriais e economicas nessa regiao. A partir de entao a RMSP passou a crescer menos que outras regioes e areas metropolitanas do pais, levando a uma perda de posicao relativa. A queda de participacao na producao industrial foi muito maior que no PIB, indicando mudancas no papel e nas funcoes da RMSP como centro economico nacional. Este fato esta relacionado com a reversao do processo de polarizacao industrial, em funcao do aumento dos custos de producao e comercializacao naquela localidade, conjugado com a criacao de economias externas e de aglomeracao em varias outras regioes e localidades alem dos incentivos fiscais e tributarios em outras regioes do pais, o que alterou o padrao locacional da industria. Por outro lado, as mudancas no cenario mundial, a globalizacao, a abertura da economia brasileira, as mudancas tecnologicas e organizacionais, as mudancas na concepcao e papel do Estado veem provocando alteracoes na posicao e papel da RMSP e da cidade de Sao Paulo, tanto com relacao a economia nacional quanto em relacao a insercao internacional do Brasil. Nesse sentido, Sao Paulo perdeu importância relativa como centro industrial, mas ampliou sua posicao em termos da concentracao dos servicos modernos e de centro de comando do capital. O objetivo central do trabalhao e analisar o desempenho economico da RMSP e sua posicao relativa face as economias nacional e internacional. Para isso analisa inicialmente o crescimento economico e demografico diferenciados das principais regioes metropolitanas brasileiras, nas ultimas tres decadas, bem como a dinâmica diferenciada dentro das sub-regioes que compoem a propria RMSP. Em seguida, procura analisar as mudancas estruturais da economia da RMSP e do municipio de Sao Paulo e a natureza da crise e da reestruturacao produtiva. Em seguida, busca analisar a posicao e o papel da RMSP na Divisao Internacional e Inter-regional do Trabalho (DIT), buscando avaliar os limites da hipotese da constituicao de uma Cidade-Regiao global pela integracao urbana entre as areas metropolitanas do Rio de Janeiro e de Sao Paulo em razao da distância entre elas, da deficiencia do sistema de transportes e, consequentemente, da grande friccao espacial. Por fim, procura analisar a integracao urbana e economica entre a RMSP e, as tres areas urbano-industriais proximas e dinâmicas de Campinas, Sorocaba e Sao Jose dos Campos e a possibilidade de formacao de uma Cidade-Regiao com forca polarizadora e como centro de desenvolvimento das atividades mais intensivas em conhecimento.

Area development and policy: an agenda for the 21st century

ABSTRACT A series of significant recent trends in world development involve transformations taking place at multiple geographical scales. These transformations suggest that there are multiple pathways to development, that these pathways derive from the articulation and interdependence of governance structures/capacity and development models, and that these trends will lead to a radical reshaping of the international economic and political order. Our world remains a world of diverse civilizations whose national, regional urban, rural and local development trajectories require detailed investigation and research from a range of perspectives, including those of emerging economies themselves. International communication and exchange, deriving from these multiple experiences will contribute to inclusive cooperation and mutual learning.

Celso Furtado e o desenvolvimento regional

This text analyzes the contributions by Celso Furtado to interpreting the determinants of regional inequalities and to the formulation of development policies for less developed regions. It uses a backdrop the theoretical antecedents and principal global experiences of regional development policies, which served as a reference for Celso Furtado. It shows Furtados originality when he linked questions of regional inequality with the nature of underdeveloped structures. It shows the theoretical and empirical foundations in the analysis of the Northeast question, guidelines for the future SUDENE, political pressures and the insufficiencies in the way development policies for the Northeast are carried out. Finally, it shows how Furtados positions are still relevant, whether in the formulations prior to the creation of SUDENE or in the later theoretical developments. In these, Furtado overcomes the notion of region and begins to examine spatial structures; he introduces the central role of urban nodes, of their hierarchies and articulations; in other words, the role of the urban network in the command and structuring of the territory; of the central role of technology and innovation processes, and finally, of the need for an interdisciplinary effort for both understanding regional problems as well as for the formulation of policies and their implementation.

Brazil: accelerated metropolization and urban crisis

ABSTRACT Migration and rapid demographic growth in large metropolitan areas in Brazil are associated with high levels of territorial and social inequality. Four indicators of an associated urban crisis are examined: inequality in housing conditions, per capita income and years of schooling; a poor (or lack of a) public transport system, urban congestion and traffic accidents; high levels of violence and murder and the rapid diffusion of diseases linked to the lack of sanitary facilities. Territorial guidelines for a more balanced polycentric urban network and an active urban policy are required to address these issues but face a lack of political will.

Repensando la cuestión regional brasileña: tendencias, desafíos y caminos

The complexity of regional phenomena shows that these will only be understood since a multi or interdisciplinary perspective. In the context of importants issues of regional development, like globalization and regional scales, in one hand, and the role of innovation, in the other, this article describes the main regional changes in Brazil, focusing in their economic and demographic dimensions. In the analysis are also considered contemporary transformations with possible regional impacts, such as external opening and MERCOSUR; the change in the conception and the role of the State and the process of privatization; and technological changes and productive restructuration. Considering this elements, and as a suggestion and contribution to the discussion, some issues and guidelines for a new regional development policy are presented.

Crise global, mudanças geopolíticas e inserção do Brasil

This paper has as its purpose to analyze the insertion of Brazil in the international economic order, considering the fundaments of the world power, the global crisis, the geopolitical changes and their consequences on the global order. The text attempts to present the advantages and structural challenges for an adequate international insertion of technology are the key elements in a process of economic and social innovation whose goals are to build a richer society, more just and compassionate, and environmentally sustainable.

A interação universidade-empresa na siderurgia de Minas Gerais

Verifica-se em Minas Gerais a presenca de um aparato de apoio a inovacao regionalmente identificado e alinhado a uma das principais atividades economicas locais, a siderurgia. Esse sistema regional de inovacao foi constituido a partir do seculo XIX, sendo caracterizado pelo intenso fluxo de informacoes entre as instituicoes de ensino e pesquisa, principalmente o Departamento de Metalurgia da UFMG e o setor produtivo. Observou-se que a parceria entre a universidade e o setor produtivo na qualificacao profissional e na busca por solucoes para a melhoria de processos e produtos representa a materializacao desse fluxo informacional, historicamente constituido, viabilizando a inovacao tecnologica na siderurgia mineira.