Clésio Lourenço Xavier

DESEMPENHO EXPORTADOR E APRIMORAMENTO TECNOLÓGICO DA CHINA EM COMPARAÇÃO COM JAPÃO E DRAGÕES ASIÁTICOS NOS ANOS 2000

The Chinese exportations are incorporating higher-tech, sophisticated production, allowing the expansion of its market-share in the U.S and European market. Therefore, the goal is to analyze the real incorporation of sophisticated products in the Chinese exporting agenda during the 2000s vis-a-vis its Asian partners such as Japan, Singapore, South Korea and Hong Kong- countries that had success in the technological upgrading process. For this purpose, this article based on data from United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database presents the analysis of exporting agenda according to technological intensity of studied countries. The main result earned is that despite the intense effort devoted by the Chinese economy for the incorporation of technologically sophisticated products, China stills far from the standard “ideal”, here seen as the Japanese economy.

Tipos de commodities, taxa de câmbio e crescimento econômico: evidências da maldição dos recursos naturais para o Brasil

The natural resource curse literature argues that commodities exports promote lower economic growth rates. This paper suggests that this result depends on the type of commodity analyzed. This paper uses Vector Autoregressive and Impulse Response Functions to investigate the existence of negative effects between food, raw materials, minerals and energy exports on Brazilian economic growth and real exchange rate, based in period 2000-2011. The results indicate some evidence of the natural resources curse in Brazil, since food, raw materials and minerals contribute to explain the lower rates of economic growth and exchange rate appreciation. However, such evidence is weak because they occur with some lag and have short duration.

UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO EMPÍRICA SOBRE OS DETERMINANTES DAS EXPORTAÇÕES CHINESAS (1985-2005)

The present study investigates the relationship between FDI and the changes verified in China’s export structure towards high-tech sectors. It estimates a model of the determinants of Chinese exports performance, considering the different impacts of FDI on export structure classified according to its technological intensity, using time series variables, estimating a VAR model and the variance decomposition analysis. The main results suggested that FDI had different impacts among export sectors, which means that, FDI is more efficient in promoting exports from those sectors more technological-intensive. Besides that, other independent variables used in estimation seems to be as important as FDI, mainly the investment rate, which is consonant with China’s economic performance that presents an average growth rate of 10% per year for at least two decades.

Fluxos de investimento direto externo, competitividade e conteúdo tecnológico do comércio exterior da China no início do século XXI

Foreign direct investment flow, competitiveness and technological structure of foreign trade in China in the beginning of the 21st century. Chinas government introduced open market reforms in 1979, mediated by industrial policies improving the ability of attracting higher quality FDI (Foreign Direct Investment), which helped Chinas economy developing its technological capabilities. As a result, Chinas share in international trade rose impressively becoming third-largest trading nation in the world, by 2004, also its export structure is significantly more sophisticated. Facing the importance of understanding the determinants of developing word specialization patterns, this paper focuses on the competitiveness and technological structure of exports and imports by China for 1994-1998 and 2001-2005.