Ana Paula Macedo de Avellar

Indústria cinematográfica brasileira de 1995 a 2012: estrutura de mercado e políticas públicas

The aim of this paper is to analyze the dynamics and structure of the Brazilian film industry and the public policies applied in the period 1995-2012. The study identifies the different firms operating in the sector - production, distribution and exhibition - and uses the concentration index CR(4), CR(8) and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) to characterize the market structure in each of this productive process. Among the results highlight that: i) the structure of the industry is concentrated, ii) the dynamic sector, specifically the step of the production, was strongly related public policy. Thus, the study concludes that for development of the film industry in Brazil, these policies should facilitate dialogue between the three steps of the production, promoting the competitiveness of the Brazilian cinema.

Esforço inovativo e desempenho exportador: evidências para Brasil, Índia e China

The aim of this paper is to develop an empirical investigation about the relation between innovation effort and export performance to a sample of industrial firms from Brazil, India and China. The database used by firms is obtained from World Bank Enterprise Survey 2002 and 2003, and estimated probabilistic models. The findings suggest that a higher innovative effort from Brazil, India and China, measured by new products, R&D spending, technology index or cooperation, increases the probability of exporting. For all countries, a higher foreign capital and machines and equipments spending increase the probability of exporting. However, this study verify that to Brazilian, Indian and Chinese firms, the linkage between innovative effort and probability to export is weaker than the observed to firms from developed countries.

Impacto das políticas de fomento à inovação no Brasil sobre o gasto em atividades inovativas e em atividades de P&D das empresas

Technology policies have been part of economical agenda in the developed countries as well as in the periphery. The generalized use of these incentives has culminated in a large international discussion questioning its effective capacity to stimulate (or not) the benefited companies. This work intends to develop an evaluating empirical exercise of three Brazilian programs of tax incentives and financial incentives to technological activities: Industrial Technological Developing Program (PDTI), National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FNDCT) and the Support Program for Technological Development of National Companies (ADTEN). In order to capture the effects of these programs on the behavior of benefited companies in relation to those which were not benefited, concerning the decision of expenses in technological activities and to innovative effort, an econometric method will be applied the Propensity Score Matching. The conclusion of this research is that the Brazilian programs stimulated the benefited companies.

Impact of innovation policies on small, medium and large Brazilian firms

ABSTRACT This study comprises a comparative examination of the effects of innovation support programmes’ spend on innovative activities in small, medium and large Brazilian firms. The econometric methodology propensity score matching is used to assess the impacts of tax and financial incentives based on. Results show that innovation support programmes stimulate expenditure on innovative activities, especially financial incentives for the acquisition of machinery and equipment.

Exportações e processos inovativos: um estudo para América Latina e Europa do Leste

Nas ultimas decadas, um dos principais motores do crescimento do comercio exterior tem sido, sem duvida, a inovacao, entendida como a incorporacao de conhecimento a produtos e processos produtivos. O objetivo deste Texto para Discussao e fornecer evidencias de que a inovacao contribui para o sucesso do desempenho exportador. Controla-se a presenca de endogeneidade e o problema de vies de selecao por meio de variavel instrumental e do modelo de selecao de Heckman. A analise baseia-se numa amostra de firmas pesquisadas pelo banco de dados Enterprise surveys, do Banco Mundial, para a America Latina e a Europa do Leste. As evidencias encontradas sugerem que existe um padrao de comportamento entre as empresas da America Latina e da Europa do Leste. Tamanho, idade e participacao de capital estrangeiro influenciam positivamente a decisao de exportar destas empresas. Quanto aos indicadores de inovacao, os resultados apontam que a inovacao afeta positivamente a probabilidade de as empresas exportarem. Os resultados do modelo de Heckman, somente para os paises da America Latina, apontam que a inovacao afeta a probabilidade de a empresa exportar e influencia negativamente a intensidade das exportacoes em relacao as vendas. In the last decades one of the main engines of foreign trade growth has been innovation, the process of embedding knowledge in production processes. The purpose of this paper is to supply evidence favoring the hypothesis that innovation contributes positively to export performance when we control for endogeneity and selection bias by means of instrumental variables and Heckman selection model. The analysis is based upon a sample of firms from the Enterprise Surveys by the World Bank for Latin America and Eastern Europe. Evidence support the existence of a behavior pattern among firms in both regions. Size, age and foreign capital share have a positive influence on export decision. There is also a positive relationship between innovation and the likelihood of firms becoming exporters. Based on Heckman procedure, we also find evidence that innovative firms are more likely to become exporters but once they become exporters, the export intensity (relative to sales) affect negatively the result, only to Latin America countries.

INDÚSTRIA E CRESCIMENTO: UMA ANÁLISE DE PAINEL PARA OS ESTADOS BRASILEIROS

The main goal of this work is to develop an empirical investigation for the Brazilian States real per capita GDP growth from 1992 to 2009 using panel data and fixed/random effect and GMM estimation. The econometric results indicate the existence of a positive and significant relation for industry and manufactory industry GDP, the relative participation of the industry in the valued added, but not for the relative participation of the manufactory industry for State GDP growth. The average schooling years have a positive impact on State GDP growth and there is evidence that States with higher (lower) current and capital expenditures in average have lower (higher) GDP growth rates. Finally, State export performance and inflation are not statistically significant to explain differences in growth rates.

DESEMPENHO EXPORTADOR E APRIMORAMENTO TECNOLÓGICO DA CHINA EM COMPARAÇÃO COM JAPÃO E DRAGÕES ASIÁTICOS NOS ANOS 2000

The Chinese exportations are incorporating higher-tech, sophisticated production, allowing the expansion of its market-share in the U.S and European market. Therefore, the goal is to analyze the real incorporation of sophisticated products in the Chinese exporting agenda during the 2000s vis-a-vis its Asian partners such as Japan, Singapore, South Korea and Hong Kong- countries that had success in the technological upgrading process. For this purpose, this article based on data from United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database presents the analysis of exporting agenda according to technological intensity of studied countries. The main result earned is that despite the intense effort devoted by the Chinese economy for the incorporation of technologically sophisticated products, China stills far from the standard “ideal”, here seen as the Japanese economy.

Indústria e crescimento econômico: evidências para países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento

The work develops an empirical investigation on the relevance of industry / GDP, manufacture / GDP and industrial employment / total employment on long run growth using panel data. The results indicate the existence of a direct and significant relation for industry (manufacture) share to GDP and industrial employment for long run growth. The annual impact on growth of a 10% increase, over a five year period, in the industry share to GDP (manufacture share to GDP) ranges from 0.19% to 0.32% (0.2% to 0.4%) and for the industrial employment / total employment it varies from 0.3% to 0.5%.