Clodoaldo José da Anunciação Filho

Seleção de genótipos de arroz tolerantes à salinidade durante a fase vegetativa

The objective of this work was to evaluate the degree of tolerance and sensibility to the salinity of genoty,pes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) during the vegetative phase of the plant. The experiment was lead under greenhouse conditions at IPA (Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuaria), in 1996. Twelve genotypes of rice had been evaluated, being ten tolerant and two sensible ones to salinity in the vegetative development stadium. The randomized blocks design were performed into three repetitions of factorials arrangements (twelve genotypes x four levels of NaCl). Results had evidenced variability existence among the genotypes of rice, in the specific population, for tolerance and sensitivity to the salinity. Samples PR492, PR504, CNA8250, CNA8262 and CNA8267 can be considered tolerant to salinity, while the genotypes CNA8270, CNA8258, CNA8269, PR475 and PR477 are sensible to salinity of soil during the vegetative phase.

Inter-relação entre caracteres de caupi de porte ereto e crescimento determinado

Ten characteristics were studied in 32 cowpea genotypes [Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp.] with the objective of evaluating the association among yield and yield components. The experiment was conduced at Embrapa-Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria do Meio-Norte in Teresina, PI, Brazil. Acomplete random blocks design with six replications was used. The data were collected from the two central rows subtracting two hills at the extremities. Initial flowering and 100-seed weight, that presented the highest direct effect and positive correlation with grain yield, were the most important characters in the process of indirect selection to obtain an efficient correlated response on grain yield. However, selection for the characters angle insertion of the secondary branches and number of grains per pod had no significant direct influence on grain yield.

Classificação de germoplasma de Dioscorea sp. através da análise das componentes principais

Interspecific classification m Dioscorea germplasm was made aiming to characterize them by morphological descriptors and classify by principal component analysis. Eleven accesses belonging to Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Brasil (UFRPE Germplasm Collection) were studied. Fourteen descriptors were chosen for each access: leaf color and shape, petiole pigment, stem color and shape, presence and color of membranes, presence of good, presence of aerial tubers, tuber shape, presence of roots m lhe tuber, pigment in lhe tuber and leaf length and width. It was observed that leaf length and width provided high contribution on lhe access discriminations. The accumulated variance to the 1st and 2nd principal components were 89% of the whole variation. Six groups were made up representing Dioscorea accesses.

Aplicação de técnicas multivariadas no estudo da divergência genética em cana-de-açúcar

Resumo - Estudos sobre divergencia genetica sao importantes na identificacao de genitores potenciais para a obtencao de novos individuos com maior efeito heterotico. Em cana-de-acucar esses estudos assumem fundamental importância, po is com o passar do tempo as variedades comerciais devem ser substituidas de suas areas de cultivo, devido a serios declinios agronomicos e industriais ocasionados pela degenerescencia varietal. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a divergencia genetica em progenies de cana-de-acuca r, atraves de tecnicas multivariadas, com base em oito caracter es agroindustriais. O trabalho foi conduzido na area agricola da Usina Santa Tereza, municipio de Goiana (PE), durante o ano agricola 2007/2008. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental casualizado em blocos completos com cinco repeticoes. As variaveis analisadas foram: toneladas de pol por hectare, toneladas de cana por hectare, fibra, pol % corrigida, pureza, teor de solidos soluveis, acucares redutores e acucar total recuperavel. Apos analise de variância e estimacao de parâ metros geneticos, a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis foi calculada para quantificar a dissimilaridad e. Foram utilizados o metodo hierarquico de ligacoes medias (UPGMA) e o metodo de otimizacao de Tocher. O coeficiente de herdabilidade media foi de alta magnitude para as variaveis TPH e TCH, indicando possibilidade de sucesso na selecao com base nesses caracteres. A metodologia aplicada permitiu a identificacao de progenies de maior divergencia genetica proporcionando ao fitomelhoramento canavieiro da RIDESA sugestao de cruzamentos a serem realizados futuramente. Palavras-chave - Cana-de-acucar. Hibridacao vegetal. Melhoramento genetico.This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity in progenies of sugar cane by means of multivariate techniques based on eight agroindustrial traits. The work was carried out in the agricultural area of Usina Santa Teresa, Goiana (PE), during the agricultural year 2007/2008. A complete randomized block design with five replications was used. The variables analyzed were: pol tons per hectare (PTH), sugarcane tons per hectare (STH), fiber (FB), corrected pol % (CPP), purity (PTY), content of soluble solids (BX), reducing sugar (RS) and total retrievable sugar (TRS). After analysis of variance and estimation of genetic parameters, the Mahalanobis distance was calculated for quantifying dissimilarity. We used average-linkage method (UPGMA) and the optimization method of Tocher. The average coefficient of heritability was high for the variables PTH and STH indicating the possibility of success in selection for these characters. The methodology allowed identification of progenies with greater genetic divergence providing information for RIDESA sugarcane plant breeding on crosses to be made in the future.

Desempenho agroindustrial de cultivares de cana-de-açúcar na zona da mata litoral sul de Pernambuco

The aim of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of some characters of the plant and the agroindustrial performance of sugar cane cultivars. The experimental design was the complete randomized blocks with four replications and 16 cultivars, being four of them used as check varieties. The plots were formed by five furrows of 8.0 m length, spaced 1.0 m, characterizing a useful area of 40 m2. The variables evaluated were the tons of cane per hectare (TCH), tons of pol per hectare (TPH), pol in the cane (PC), % cane fiber (FIB), brix in the cane (BC) and purity in the cane (PUR). The TCH is the component most influenced by the harvest cycles of the sugar cane farming and the least expressive for the other studied characters. The variables TCH and TPH reflected most of the phenotypic variation observed due to genetic causes, indicating success in the selection for the improvement of these characters. The genotypes SP78-4764, SP86-0621, and SP86-127 demonstrated productive potential from the agroindustrial point of view. The effect of the cane cut cycle was highly significant, indicating specific behaviors among the cultivars during the cane harvest.

Avaliação de genótipos de cana-de-açúcar para início de safra na Microrregião Centro de Pernambuco

As diferentes respostas dos genotipos de cana-de-acucar (Saccharum spp.), em relacao a produtividade, quando submetidos a mudancas nos diferentes ciclos de colheita, representam problema para os agricultores e grande desafio para os melhoristas, sendo de interesse comum a identificacao e obtencao de variedades que apresentem como caracteristicas alta produtividade agroindustrial, ampla estabilidade, longevidade e excelente viabilidade economica em sua exploracao comercial. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o desempenho agroindustrial de 11 clones e 15 variedades de cana-de-acucar, na microrregiao canavieira da Zona Centro de Pernambuco, considerando-se os cultivos de cana planta, soca e ressoca, e eleger os genotipos mais produtivos. O experimento foi conduzido na area agricola da Usina Petribu, municipio de Lagoa de Itaenga. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repeticoes. Foram avaliadas as variaveis toneladas de pol por hectare (TPH), toneladas de cana por hectare (TCH), fibra (FIB), pol % corrigida (PCC), pureza (PZA), teor de solidos soluveis (BRIX) e acucar total recuperavel (ATR). Pela analise de variância, foram detectadas diferencas significativas entre os genotipos, indicando variabilidade genetica. A alta estimativa da herdabilidade media para a variavel TCH indicou elevada possibilidade de exito na selecao, baseando-se neste importante componente de producao. Por meio da analise economica, constata-se que as variedades RB92579 e RB93509 apresentam melhor desempenho para colheita no inicio da safra.

Estratégias adaptativas de populações de Stylosanthes scabra provenientes de três regiões ecogeográficas de Pernambuco

This research aimed to evaluate the genetic variability of 15 Stylosanthes scabra populations (Alfafa do Nordeste) as a result of the adaptation strategy to different environments from the regions: Mata, Agreste and Sertao in the state of Pernambuco. These populations, obtained from representative samples of seeds, were planted in a field trial at Campo Experimental da Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (IPA). This trial served as a base for the study of fractional energy distribution. The energy allocation to the plant parts, described as a dry matter weight function, classified the populations as r and K strategists, evaluated during the 1st reproductive cycle. The obtained results show that there is a great interpopulational variability for all the evaluated characters. Based on the obtained data, Brejos de altitude target Stylosanthes scabra populations for K strategists. The populations from Sertao behaved as r strategists. Populations with greater reproductive precocity, like that of Itamaraca, Serra Talhada and Santa Cruz da Baixa Verde, were classified as r strategists, directing a higher percentage of energy relative to the reproductive effort. The great variability between populations represents an adaptation strategy to the different environments as a process of genetic maximization in the species evolution.

Avaliação agroindustrial e parâmetros genético de progênies de cana-de-açúcar em fase inicial na zona canavieira do Litoral Norte de Pernambuco

The objective of our research was to evaluate the agronomical, industrial performance and the magnitude of the genetic parameters of initial phase sugarcane progenies in the north coast of Pernambuco. Experimental works were developed during the agricultural year of 2006/2007 in the sugarcane plantation zone in the north coast of Pernambuco, in the district of Igarassu, in the area of the Sao Jose industrial plant. The experimental delineation was randomized blocks with five repetitions, using 24 genotypes as treatment (20 from the crossings and 4 standard varieties). The parcel was planted in three furrows of 6 m, spaced by 1.30 m with 10 seedlings per furrow (spaced by 0.6 m within the furrow), totalizing a total area of 23.4 m2. Harvest was done in the 10th month after the transplantation, where were evaluated the following variables: pol tons per hectare (PTH), sugarcane tons per hectare (STH), fiber (FB), corrected pol % (CPP), purity (PTY), brix (BX) and total retrievable sugar (TRS). The progenies of the crossings: RB855035 X RB72454; RB865230 X RB855035; Tuc71-7 X RB 72454 and RB 72454X Tuc71-7, overtopped for most of the studied variables. There is genetical variability among the progenies of the crossings for all the evaluated variables. The h2m estimations were expressive for the variables STH, PTH, CPP, FB, BX and TRS, indicating the possibility of success in the selection of these variables within the sugarcane plantation region of North Coast of Pernambuco.

ANÁLISE MULTIVARIADA DA DIVERGÊNCIA GENÉTICA EM 29 POPULAÇÕES DE CUBIU (Solanum sessiliflorumDunal) AVALIADA NA ZONA DA MATA DO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO

The amplitude of the genetic divergence among 29 populations of cubiu from the germplasm collection maintaned by the Amazonian National Research Institute (INPA) was evaluated. The trial was carried out in the Vitoria de Santo Antao Experiment Station of the Pernambuco State Research Enterprise (IPA), Pernambuco, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with four replications. The following characters of agronomic importance were evaluated; fruit width (cm); fruit length (cm); stem diameter at soil level (cm); leaf area (cm2); plant height (cm); total fruit number/plant; average fruit weight/ plant (g); estimated fruit yield (Mt/ha); loculi number; pulp thickness (mm) and total soluble solids (%). Cluster analysis (Tocher Optimization Method, using the Mahalanobis Generalized Distance) grouped the 29 cubiu accessions into 9 groups. The accessions from Umariacu (AM) and Sao Paulo de Olivenca (AM) were most closely related, and are also geographically close, and those from Borba (AM) and Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira (AM) were most divergent, both genetically and geographically. The accessions from Atalaia do Norte (AM), Borba (AM), Iquitos (Peru), Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira (AM) and Belem (PA) presented good agronomic traits and were divergent among themselves. Their use as potential progenitors in the cubiu breeding program may provide both good quality and heterosis.

SELEÇÃO DE CARACTERES CORRELACIONADOS EM CUBIU (Solatium sessiliflorum Dunal) EMPREGANDO A ANÁLISE DE TRILHA

Twenty nine accessions of Orinoco apple (S. sessiliflorum) from the germplasm collection of the Vegetable Breeding Program of the National Research Institute of Amazonia (ΓΝΡΑ) were evaluated in Northeastern Brazil. The trial was carried out in the Vitoria de Santo Antao Experimental Station, of the Pernambuco State Research Enterprise (IPA), Pernambuco. A randomized complete block design, with four replications, was used. The following characters of agronomic importance were evaluated: stem diameter; plant height; leaf area; fruit width; fruit length; locule number; pulp thickness; total fruit number per plant; average fruit weight; total fruit yield; and total soluble solids (Brix). The genotypic correlations among characters were estimated and used in path coefficient analysis to determine their influence on yield. The greatest number of positive and significant correlations occurred with pulp thickness. Total fruit number per plant and pulp thickness were the characters with the greatest direct and positive influence on yield of cubiu.