Gerson Quirino Bastos

Seleção de genótipos de arroz tolerantes à salinidade durante a fase vegetativa

The objective of this work was to evaluate the degree of tolerance and sensibility to the salinity of genoty,pes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) during the vegetative phase of the plant. The experiment was lead under greenhouse conditions at IPA (Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuaria), in 1996. Twelve genotypes of rice had been evaluated, being ten tolerant and two sensible ones to salinity in the vegetative development stadium. The randomized blocks design were performed into three repetitions of factorials arrangements (twelve genotypes x four levels of NaCl). Results had evidenced variability existence among the genotypes of rice, in the specific population, for tolerance and sensitivity to the salinity. Samples PR492, PR504, CNA8250, CNA8262 and CNA8267 can be considered tolerant to salinity, while the genotypes CNA8270, CNA8258, CNA8269, PR475 and PR477 are sensible to salinity of soil during the vegetative phase.

Aplicação de técnicas multivariadas no estudo da divergência genética em cana-de-açúcar

Resumo - Estudos sobre divergencia genetica sao importantes na identificacao de genitores potenciais para a obtencao de novos individuos com maior efeito heterotico. Em cana-de-acucar esses estudos assumem fundamental importância, po is com o passar do tempo as variedades comerciais devem ser substituidas de suas areas de cultivo, devido a serios declinios agronomicos e industriais ocasionados pela degenerescencia varietal. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a divergencia genetica em progenies de cana-de-acuca r, atraves de tecnicas multivariadas, com base em oito caracter es agroindustriais. O trabalho foi conduzido na area agricola da Usina Santa Tereza, municipio de Goiana (PE), durante o ano agricola 2007/2008. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental casualizado em blocos completos com cinco repeticoes. As variaveis analisadas foram: toneladas de pol por hectare, toneladas de cana por hectare, fibra, pol % corrigida, pureza, teor de solidos soluveis, acucares redutores e acucar total recuperavel. Apos analise de variância e estimacao de parâ metros geneticos, a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis foi calculada para quantificar a dissimilaridad e. Foram utilizados o metodo hierarquico de ligacoes medias (UPGMA) e o metodo de otimizacao de Tocher. O coeficiente de herdabilidade media foi de alta magnitude para as variaveis TPH e TCH, indicando possibilidade de sucesso na selecao com base nesses caracteres. A metodologia aplicada permitiu a identificacao de progenies de maior divergencia genetica proporcionando ao fitomelhoramento canavieiro da RIDESA sugestao de cruzamentos a serem realizados futuramente. Palavras-chave - Cana-de-acucar. Hibridacao vegetal. Melhoramento genetico.This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity in progenies of sugar cane by means of multivariate techniques based on eight agroindustrial traits. The work was carried out in the agricultural area of Usina Santa Teresa, Goiana (PE), during the agricultural year 2007/2008. A complete randomized block design with five replications was used. The variables analyzed were: pol tons per hectare (PTH), sugarcane tons per hectare (STH), fiber (FB), corrected pol % (CPP), purity (PTY), content of soluble solids (BX), reducing sugar (RS) and total retrievable sugar (TRS). After analysis of variance and estimation of genetic parameters, the Mahalanobis distance was calculated for quantifying dissimilarity. We used average-linkage method (UPGMA) and the optimization method of Tocher. The average coefficient of heritability was high for the variables PTH and STH indicating the possibility of success in selection for these characters. The methodology allowed identification of progenies with greater genetic divergence providing information for RIDESA sugarcane plant breeding on crosses to be made in the future.

Desempenho agroindustrial de cultivares de cana-de-açúcar na zona da mata litoral sul de Pernambuco

The aim of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of some characters of the plant and the agroindustrial performance of sugar cane cultivars. The experimental design was the complete randomized blocks with four replications and 16 cultivars, being four of them used as check varieties. The plots were formed by five furrows of 8.0 m length, spaced 1.0 m, characterizing a useful area of 40 m2. The variables evaluated were the tons of cane per hectare (TCH), tons of pol per hectare (TPH), pol in the cane (PC), % cane fiber (FIB), brix in the cane (BC) and purity in the cane (PUR). The TCH is the component most influenced by the harvest cycles of the sugar cane farming and the least expressive for the other studied characters. The variables TCH and TPH reflected most of the phenotypic variation observed due to genetic causes, indicating success in the selection for the improvement of these characters. The genotypes SP78-4764, SP86-0621, and SP86-127 demonstrated productive potential from the agroindustrial point of view. The effect of the cane cut cycle was highly significant, indicating specific behaviors among the cultivars during the cane harvest.

Avaliação de genótipos de cana-de-açúcar para início de safra na Microrregião Centro de Pernambuco

As diferentes respostas dos genotipos de cana-de-acucar (Saccharum spp.), em relacao a produtividade, quando submetidos a mudancas nos diferentes ciclos de colheita, representam problema para os agricultores e grande desafio para os melhoristas, sendo de interesse comum a identificacao e obtencao de variedades que apresentem como caracteristicas alta produtividade agroindustrial, ampla estabilidade, longevidade e excelente viabilidade economica em sua exploracao comercial. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o desempenho agroindustrial de 11 clones e 15 variedades de cana-de-acucar, na microrregiao canavieira da Zona Centro de Pernambuco, considerando-se os cultivos de cana planta, soca e ressoca, e eleger os genotipos mais produtivos. O experimento foi conduzido na area agricola da Usina Petribu, municipio de Lagoa de Itaenga. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repeticoes. Foram avaliadas as variaveis toneladas de pol por hectare (TPH), toneladas de cana por hectare (TCH), fibra (FIB), pol % corrigida (PCC), pureza (PZA), teor de solidos soluveis (BRIX) e acucar total recuperavel (ATR). Pela analise de variância, foram detectadas diferencas significativas entre os genotipos, indicando variabilidade genetica. A alta estimativa da herdabilidade media para a variavel TCH indicou elevada possibilidade de exito na selecao, baseando-se neste importante componente de producao. Por meio da analise economica, constata-se que as variedades RB92579 e RB93509 apresentam melhor desempenho para colheita no inicio da safra.

Utilização de marcadores moleculares RAPD e EST's SSR para estudo da variabilidade genética em cana-de-açúcar¹

Molecular markers of the type RAPD and ESTs SSR were used as tools to evaluate the variability, and estimate the genetic divergence between commercial varieties and sugarcane clones from self-pollination. Twenty-three genotypes from the Program for the Genetic Improvement of Sugarcane of the Interuniversity Network for the Development of the Sugar-alcohol Sector (PMGCA/RIDESA), were used in this study. The extraction of genomic DNA followed CTAB methodology, with modifications being made for sugarcane. Eleven RAPD oligonucleotides, obtained from Operon Technologies, and 7 ESTs SRR, found after an extensive review of the literature, were used. Analyses of genetic diversity were carried out using the GENES software. The RAPD markers detected a high degree of genetic polymorphism, producing 61 bands, of which 58 were polymorphic. The ESTs SSR markers amplified 38 alleles, 34 being polymorphic. Three groups being formed with the population studied. Most of the genetic variation was maintained among progeny, indicating the occurrence, for purposes of breeding, of a high degree of genetic variability among the genotypes of each progeny. Through estimated genetic divergence, it was possible to identify divergent parent plants, which could be used in hybridization in order to obtain superior clones with characteristics of interest to the sugarcane industry. The molecular markers RAPD and ESTs SSR were equally efficient in estimating the genetic variability in the genotypes tested, and in preparing crossbreeds to be used in breeding programs.

Avaliação agroindustrial e parâmetros genético de progênies de cana-de-açúcar em fase inicial na zona canavieira do Litoral Norte de Pernambuco

The objective of our research was to evaluate the agronomical, industrial performance and the magnitude of the genetic parameters of initial phase sugarcane progenies in the north coast of Pernambuco. Experimental works were developed during the agricultural year of 2006/2007 in the sugarcane plantation zone in the north coast of Pernambuco, in the district of Igarassu, in the area of the Sao Jose industrial plant. The experimental delineation was randomized blocks with five repetitions, using 24 genotypes as treatment (20 from the crossings and 4 standard varieties). The parcel was planted in three furrows of 6 m, spaced by 1.30 m with 10 seedlings per furrow (spaced by 0.6 m within the furrow), totalizing a total area of 23.4 m2. Harvest was done in the 10th month after the transplantation, where were evaluated the following variables: pol tons per hectare (PTH), sugarcane tons per hectare (STH), fiber (FB), corrected pol % (CPP), purity (PTY), brix (BX) and total retrievable sugar (TRS). The progenies of the crossings: RB855035 X RB72454; RB865230 X RB855035; Tuc71-7 X RB 72454 and RB 72454X Tuc71-7, overtopped for most of the studied variables. There is genetical variability among the progenies of the crossings for all the evaluated variables. The h2m estimations were expressive for the variables STH, PTH, CPP, FB, BX and TRS, indicating the possibility of success in the selection of these variables within the sugarcane plantation region of North Coast of Pernambuco.

Repeatibility of agroindustrial characters in sugarcane in different harvest cycles

n commercial cultivation of sugarcane, knowledge about the repetition of agroindustrial characters is essential to identify long-lived genotypes in production cycles, which when selected, will contribute to the significant increase in productivity. This work evaluated the agroindustrial performance of 16 sugarcane genotypes in the sugarcane microregion Litoral Norte of Pernambuco in four harvest cycles and the regularity in the repetition of characters. The experiment was conducted in the agricultural area of Sao Jose sugar mill, Igarassu, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The experiment was carried out following a randomized block design with four replications. The variables evaluated were: tons of POL per hectare (TPH), tons of cane per hectare (TCH), fiber (FIB), adjusted POL% (PCC), soluble solids content (BRIX), and total recoverable sugar (TRS). The variance analysis detected significant differences among the genotypes along the four harvest seasons, indicating genetic variability and possibility of success in the selection of superior genotypes. Estimates of repeatability coefficient point to regularity in the repetition of agro-industrial characteristics allowing to identify genotypes with the highest longevity. The genotypes SP79-1011, RB863129, RB92579, RB813804, RB982559 e RB982613 presented best agroindustrial performance, and two evaluations based on TPH and TCH characters are enough to select superior genotypes with 90% predictability of their actual values.

Emprego da heterose em híbridos interespecíficos de sorgo forrageiro

Resumen pt: Com base no peso da materia seca, fez-se a estimativa da heterose em 36 hibridos interespecificos de sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum bicolor x Sudagrass) e se ...

Variabilidade e comportamento de cultivares de coqueiro anão nos tabuleiros costeiros do norte de Sergipe

The objective of this work was to evaluate the variability of dwarf coconut palm cultivars for morphologic characters in the Coastal Boards of the North of Sergipe State. The experimental design was randomized block, with six cultivars, four blocks and 16 usefull plants/plot. The experiment was driven since 1997, in the Agreste farm in Neopolis (SE). The cultivars dwarf coconut palm red dwarf of Brazil Gramame (AVBrG), of Malaysia (AVM) and Cameroon (AVC), yellow dwarf of Brazil de Gramame (AABrG) and of Malaysia (AAM) and the green dwarf of Brazil de Jiqui (AVeBrJ). For each characteristic, quarterly evaluations from 2001 the 2004, were analyses of variance and estimate of the components of variation phenotypical, genotipycal and environmental. There is variability among the dwarves for the characteristics: alive leaf number (NFV), emitted leaf number (NFE), leaf number dead (NFM), circumference of stem (CircE), length of stem (CE), number of emitted inflorescence (NIE) and number of feminine flowers for inflorescence (NFFI). The AVC and the AVeBrJ presented smaller CE that the other dwarves, important characteristic for reduction of the load of the coconut palm. The AAM was superior to the AAM, AABrG, AVeBrJ and AVC for the CircE, while. The AVC presented inferior behavior in relation to the others for NFV, NFE, CircE and NIE being similar to them for NFFI. The AVeBrJ was superior to the AAM, AVBrG and AVM in relation to NFFI.