Francisco José de Oliveira

Caracterização morfológica e molecular de acessos de feijão-fava (Phaseolus lunatus L.)

The objective of this work was to analyze genetical diversity of twenty-two accessions of lima-beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.), coming from the States of Ceara, Paraiba and Pernambuco, Brazil, part of the Germoplasm Collection of the Agronomy Department of Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, by RAPD markers, as well as to characterize fourteen of these genotypes by means of morphological markers. To characterize the genetic variability, sixty polymorphic loci were used. By the sample analysis the formation of two groups and four subgroups was observed and high genetic variability among the accessions was noticed. The genetically closer genotypes were FA-01 and FA-02, from Ceara State, with 85% of similarity, and the less similar ones were FA-07 and FA-20, from Ceara and Pernambuco States, respectively, with 35.9% similarity. Related to the morphological characterization, it was noticed that the genotype FA-13 in comparison to others presented higher values of seed weight, number of seeds per pod, length and width of pod, while the FA-16 genotype showed lower values for weight of one hundred seeds, very small seeds, lower number of pods per plant, lower length of pod and lower production of seed per plant.

Avaliação de caracteres quantitativos relacionados com o crescimento vegetativo entre cultivares de café arábica de porte baixo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar associacao entre caracteres quantitativos relacionados com o crescimento vegetativo em cultivares de porte baixo de cafe arabica (Coffea arabica L.). O experimento foi desenvolvido na Unidade Experimental da Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (IPA), municipio de Brejao (PE), localizado na mesorregiao do agreste e na microrregiao de Garanhuns, no ano agricola de 2004/2005. O delineamento usado foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro blocos e doze tratamentos constituidos por cultivares de porte baixo. Os caracteres foram avaliados atraves da analise de variância, estimativa dos parâmetros dos componentes da covariância e determinismo genetico e dos coeficientes de correlacoes. Os resultados detectaram nas cultivares estudadas diferencas para altura das plantas e comprimento dos ramos palagiotropicos. As cultivares Topazio MG 1189, Catucai, Obata IAC 1669-20 e Topazio MG 1190 sao as melhores em desenvolvimento nos 12 primeiros meses de crescimento. O diâmetro de caule esta fortemente correlacionado positivamente com o comprimento de ramos plagiotropicos quando avaliada o incremento de crescimento. Quando avaliada aos 12 meses, o carater altura de plantas correlacionou-se negativa e altamente significativa com o diâmetro de copa e o comprimento dos ramos plagiotropicos, negativamente a numero de ramos plagiotropicos secundarios e positivamente com o numero de internodios de ramos plagiotropicos.

Seleção de genótipos de arroz tolerantes à salinidade durante a fase vegetativa

The objective of this work was to evaluate the degree of tolerance and sensibility to the salinity of genoty,pes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) during the vegetative phase of the plant. The experiment was lead under greenhouse conditions at IPA (Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuaria), in 1996. Twelve genotypes of rice had been evaluated, being ten tolerant and two sensible ones to salinity in the vegetative development stadium. The randomized blocks design were performed into three repetitions of factorials arrangements (twelve genotypes x four levels of NaCl). Results had evidenced variability existence among the genotypes of rice, in the specific population, for tolerance and sensitivity to the salinity. Samples PR492, PR504, CNA8250, CNA8262 and CNA8267 can be considered tolerant to salinity, while the genotypes CNA8270, CNA8258, CNA8269, PR475 and PR477 are sensible to salinity of soil during the vegetative phase.

Reaction of faba bean genotypes to Rhizoctonia solani and resistance stability

The production of faba bean (Phaseolus lunatus) is limited due to the occurrence of Rhizoctonia canker, caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani. In order to select materials with potential for use in faba beans breeding programs and/or disease integrated management, 72 genotypes were evaluated and also stability of the disease resistance in relation to different pathogen isolates, inoculum densities and soil type. The seeds were sown in soil infested with the pathogen by the addition of colonized substrate (rice grains). The evaluation of genotypes was done after 15 days, using a note scale to discriminate the genotypes into five reaction classes. None of the 72 genotypes showed immunity to R. solani and only four genotypes (F-42, F-49, F-53 and F-58) behaved as highly resistant. The reactions presented by these genotypes varied according to the R. solani isolate, inoculum density and soil used. The genotype F-58 showed more stable resistance to pathogen isolates and inoculum densities. The genotype F-53 showed resistance stability in soils collected in different locations, remaining highly resistant in all situations. The genotype F-58 did not show high resistance to only one tested soil. Therefore, the genotypes F-58 and F-53 are promising sources of resistance to R. solani and should be indicated in areas infested by the pathogen.

Desempenho agroindustrial de cultivares de cana-de-açúcar na zona da mata litoral sul de Pernambuco

The aim of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of some characters of the plant and the agroindustrial performance of sugar cane cultivars. The experimental design was the complete randomized blocks with four replications and 16 cultivars, being four of them used as check varieties. The plots were formed by five furrows of 8.0 m length, spaced 1.0 m, characterizing a useful area of 40 m2. The variables evaluated were the tons of cane per hectare (TCH), tons of pol per hectare (TPH), pol in the cane (PC), % cane fiber (FIB), brix in the cane (BC) and purity in the cane (PUR). The TCH is the component most influenced by the harvest cycles of the sugar cane farming and the least expressive for the other studied characters. The variables TCH and TPH reflected most of the phenotypic variation observed due to genetic causes, indicating success in the selection for the improvement of these characters. The genotypes SP78-4764, SP86-0621, and SP86-127 demonstrated productive potential from the agroindustrial point of view. The effect of the cane cut cycle was highly significant, indicating specific behaviors among the cultivars during the cane harvest.

Emprego da heterose em híbridos interespecíficos de sorgo forrageiro

Resumen pt: Com base no peso da materia seca, fez-se a estimativa da heterose em 36 hibridos interespecificos de sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum bicolor x Sudagrass) e se ...

Variabilidade e comportamento de cultivares de coqueiro anão nos tabuleiros costeiros do norte de Sergipe

The objective of this work was to evaluate the variability of dwarf coconut palm cultivars for morphologic characters in the Coastal Boards of the North of Sergipe State. The experimental design was randomized block, with six cultivars, four blocks and 16 usefull plants/plot. The experiment was driven since 1997, in the Agreste farm in Neopolis (SE). The cultivars dwarf coconut palm red dwarf of Brazil Gramame (AVBrG), of Malaysia (AVM) and Cameroon (AVC), yellow dwarf of Brazil de Gramame (AABrG) and of Malaysia (AAM) and the green dwarf of Brazil de Jiqui (AVeBrJ). For each characteristic, quarterly evaluations from 2001 the 2004, were analyses of variance and estimate of the components of variation phenotypical, genotipycal and environmental. There is variability among the dwarves for the characteristics: alive leaf number (NFV), emitted leaf number (NFE), leaf number dead (NFM), circumference of stem (CircE), length of stem (CE), number of emitted inflorescence (NIE) and number of feminine flowers for inflorescence (NFFI). The AVC and the AVeBrJ presented smaller CE that the other dwarves, important characteristic for reduction of the load of the coconut palm. The AAM was superior to the AAM, AABrG, AVeBrJ and AVC for the CircE, while. The AVC presented inferior behavior in relation to the others for NFV, NFE, CircE and NIE being similar to them for NFFI. The AVeBrJ was superior to the AAM, AVBrG and AVM in relation to NFFI.