Dana Hamplová

Educational Homogamy Among Married and Unmarried Couples in Europe Does Context Matter

In this article, educational homogamy among married and cohabiting couples in selected European countries is examined. Using data from two waves (2002 and 2004) of the European Social Survey, this article compares three cultural and institutional contexts that differ in terms of institutionalization of cohabitation. Evidence from log-linear models yields two main conclusions. First, as cohabitation becomes more common in society, marriage and cohabitation become more similar with respect to partner selection. Second, where married and unmarried unions differ in terms of educational homogamy, married couples have higher odds of overcoming educational barriers (i.e., intermarrying with other educational groups).

Invisible Religion in a “Non-believing” Country: The Case of the Czech Republic

The authors analyse contemporary ir/religiosity and spirituality in the Czech Republic using data from national censuses, international surveys and a specialized national survey on the de-traditionalization and individualization of religion from 2006. The authors conclude that the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on a respondent’s religiosity, both traditional and alternative, is weak; a more important factor in the determination of a person’s world-view was found to be his/her religious socialization or the absence thereof. The effectiveness of religious socialization differs significantly between the various churches; the least effective being the Catholic Church and Czechoslovak Hussite Church. For historical reasons, attitudes towards Catholicism also influence the Czech mind-set on religion in general. The out-of-church movement became established very early in the country’s history and was subsequently strengthened by Communist anticlericalism resulting in today’s prevalence of “non-believers”, the highest proportion in Europe. Les auteurs analysent l’(ir)religiosité et la spiritualité contemporaines en République tchèque, en utilisant des données issues de recensements nationaux, d’enquêtes internationales et d’une enquête nationale spécialisée portant sur la “dé-traditionalisation” et l’individualisation de la religion à partir de 2006. Les auteurs concluent que l’influence de caractéristiques sociodémographiques sur la religiosité, autant traditionnelle qu’alternative, du répondant est faible. Un facteur plus important dans la détermination de la vision du monde d’un individu a été situé dans sa socialisation religieuse ou dans l’absence de celle-ci. L’efficacité de la socialisation religieuse diffère de façon significative entre les différentes Églises, les moins efficaces étant l’Église catholique et l’Église hussite tchécoslovaque. Pour différentes raisons historiques, les attitudes à l’égard du catholicisme influencent également la perception tchèque de la religion en général. Le mouvement de sortie de la religion s’est très précocement développé dans l’histoire du pays et a ultérieurement été renforcé par l’anticléricalisme communiste, qui aboutit à la prédominance actuelle des non-croyants, dont la proportion est la plus élevée d’Europe.

Visible minorities and ‘White’–‘non-White’ conjugal unions in Canadian large cities

Abstract The study investigates assortative mating patterns with respect to race (visible minority status) in Canada. Using the 2001 Census data, the article analyses the occurrence of White/non-White unions in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver. Log-linear models indicate that the relative levels of interracial relationships vary across racial groups, immigration status, and place of residence. First, the highest odds of cohabiting or marrying a White person are found among Blacks. Whereas the high level of racial exogamy of Blacks is observed in all metropolitan areas under study, the relative position of other groups varies. Second, the highest levels of racial exogamy are found among couples composed of an immigrant and a non-immigrant but this effect varies across racial groups. Third, our hypothesis that residents of Montreal (Quebec) will inter-partner less was confirmed only for unions between two native-born Canadians. Finally, we found that French Canadians are not more inclusive of their linguistic counterparts than Anglophones.

Are parental leaves considered as work interruptions by survey respondents? A methodological note

Parental leaves and family-related work interruptions are linked to a variety of issues, such as children’s well-being or women’s work trajectories. Yet, the measurement of periods of absence from the labour market might be imprecise, especially in retrospective surveys. To evaluate the quality of the collected information, we examine whether women who reported taking a parental leave longer than six months also mentioned a corresponding work interruption, using the 2008 Living in Canada Survey (LCS) – Pilot. Our analysis shows that nearly half of women failed to do so. We investigate the sources of the discrepancy and suggest possible avenues of change for future surveys.

Další vzdělávání dospělých v České republice – kdo se ho účastní a s jakými důsledky?

The article focuses on adult education in the Czech Republic. It begins by defining the institutional context of adult education in the country. Three institutional characteristics are of particular interest in this respect: returns to education, the current level of education of the adult population (and the related demand for adult education), and institutions offering adult education. Using the LFS and AES surveys, the authors find that it is primarily young and educated persons who pursue adult education. With respect to the returns to adult education, the results show that adult education does not protect against downward mobility but does increase the odds of upward mobility. The positive effect of adult education on upward mobility is more pronounced among women than men.

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The article uses ISSP 2012 data to investigate money allocation practices in Czech households. It examines the extent to which married and cohabiting couples differ with respect to money pooling and whether the observed differences can be attributed to the socio-demographic composition of married and unmarried couples or different value orientations. The empirical part uses a sequential logistic analysis. First, the odds of pooling (versus non-pooling) are explored; second, the odds of using fully independent money management (versus partial pooling) are estimated. The results show that cohabiting couples are more likely not to pool money and are more likely to keep their money completely separate. Although the socio-demographic composition of the couples explains some of the differences, it does not account fully for all the differences observed. Even if the socio-demographic and value differences are controlled cohabiting couples are still more than twice as likely not to pool their money.