Evelyne Lapierre-Adamcyk

A Hazard Model Analysis Of The Covariates Of Marriage Dissolution In Canada

An examination of the marriage histories in the Canadian Fertility Survey confirm the fact that marriage dissolutions have been increasing rapidly in recent years. Cohort analyses by age and by year of marriage enable 1 to see that this is not just a timing effect and that the probabilities of dissolution in the 1st 10 years of marriage have indeed gone up especially among the young and the more recently married cohorts. Canadian rates are somewhat lower than those found in the US. This study was more concerned with the correlates of marriage dissolution rather than with trends which are better handled with vital statistics. There were very few surprises. Those who marry early were not religious had a premarital birth or lived in a large city had greater chances of separation. Some obviously important correlates such as income or occupation were not included here mainly due to lack of adequate data and given the time-dependent nature of these variables. The findings reveal that when it comes to marriage dissolution the differences according to demographic or socioeconomic characteristics seem to be far more important than say in other demographic events such as childbearing or mortality at least in the present social context in Canada. Conversely it makes little sense to treat the population as homogeneous in analyzing survival probabilities of marriages other than for cursory statistical analviss of global trends. (authors)

Contraceptive use in Canada 1984.

Canadas first national fertility survey, carried out by telephone in 1984, found that 68 percent of all women aged 18-49-73 percent of currently married women, 69 percent of the previously married women and 57 percent of single women--are practicing contraception. Overall, the most widely used method of birth control in Canada is sterilization (male and female), which is relied on by almost 60 percent of all married users and 66 percent of previously married users. Among single women, the preferred method is the pill, chosen by seven out of 10 of such users. Among all women, the major determinant of method choice is age: The pill is overwhelmingly chosen by women under 25, and sterilization, by those 30 and over. While the IUD and the condom are used by roughly 10-14 percent of women in their 20s who practice contraception, these methods decline in importance with increasing age. Highly educated women are less likely than those with little education to elect sterilization, and more likely to rely on barrier methods. Differences in contraceptive prevalence and patterns of use between Catholics and Protestants have all but disappeared in Canada, but church attendance and country of birth appear to exert a modest influence on method choice. As might be anticipated, women whose family size is complete have considerably higher levels of contraceptive use than those who expect to have more children. The survey reveals no difference in contraceptive use between Quebec women and those in the rest of Canada, thus confirming both the accuracy of earlier Quebec studies showing extremely high levels of sterilization and the applicability of these findings to all other Canadian women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Le départ du foyer parental des jeunes Canadiens nés entre 1921 et 1960.

Lapierre-Adamcyk (Evelyne), Le Bourdais (Celine), Lehrhaupt (Karen). - El abandono del hogar paterno de los jovenes canadienses nacidos entre 1921 y 1960 Utilizando datos retrospectivos procedentes de la Encuesta Social General de 1990 realizada por Statistique Canada, los autores examinan el abandono del hogar paterno de los jovenes canadienses nacidos entre 1921 y 1960. En primer lugar, el articulo muestra la dis- minucion de la edad al marcharse entre los jovenes que llegaron a edades adultas despues de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. A continuacion se demuestra, a traves del metodo de anali- sis de transiciones, que los calendarios de partida de hombres y mujeres reaccionan de forma distinta a un mismo estimulo demografico o socio-cultural. En el caso de las mujeres, se observa un efecto especifico de la generacion, de los lazos familiares y de la escolarizacion; en cambio, el contexto economico parece influir mas fuertemente en los hombres. Estas dis- tinciones aparecen menos claramente cuando el motivo del abandono es la formacion de una union.

Low Fertility and Contraceptive Sterilization: The Canadian Case

This article presents fertility variations among the Canadian regions and analyses the paths leading to the choice of contraceptive sterilization. Based on data from the 2001 General Social Survey, the research shows that while every region has adopted a low fertility regime, substantial differences are observed among women aged 40-49 in 2001: Quebec couples had fewer children; among those in stable unions, Quebec couples were also more likely to choose contraceptive sterilization, while this was not the case among those couples where at least one of the spouses was in a second union; moreover, couples in such unions were less likely to have a common child in Quebec than in other regions. In the end, if regional differences in the choice of sterilization persist, they are not large, and this choice is driven by fertility decisions everywhere.

Working Schedules: In Search of a Balance Between Family Time and Economic Wellbeing

Recent decades have been marked by major changes in family life, transformations which started with the decline in the desire to have children and in their actual numbers in the 1960s. The increase in divorce rates and in marital instability soon emerged afterwards. The increase in the number of unmarried couples as a mode of couple formation and as a basis for the family emerged in the 1980s and further diversified contemporary family structures. These new behaviours have combined with a redefinition of the respective roles of men and women, especially that of women. As a result there has been a gradual and sustained decline in the prevalence of the type of family in which the father is considered as the sole breadwinner, and the mother as the only person in charge of domestic tasks and of the education of the children. In fact, women, whose level of education is constantly increasing, who are better equipped to enter the labour force and are increasingly convinced that the latter is a source of social equality and personal fulfilment, are joining the workforce in ever growing numbers, even when they have small children. Needless to say that even if the roles of men have started to evolve, change is progressing more slowly among men than women since men find it more difficult to adopt new models, being only very weakly supported by the social, economic and political environment in this regard. Moreover, the labour market welcomes women with open arms, whilst resisting the pressures exerted by these new workers who have to reconcile professional responsibilities with the demands of motherhood and of caring for children. This resistance on the part of the world of work along with the extent of

Activité féminine et fécondité. Une enquête au Québec (1971)

Lapierre-Adamcyk Evelyne. Actividad femenina y fecundidad. Una encuesta realizada en Quebec en 1971. El estudio de la encuesta de fecundidad realizada en Quebec en 1971, ha permitido verificar ciertas etapas de la constitucion de la familia (primeros cinco anos de matrimonio, nacimiento del primer hijo) en relacion al desarrollo de la vida profesional de las mujeres casadas. Entre las mujeres de menos de 35 aňos de edad, un 85 % ha tenido un empleo antes de casarse; pero en los primeros cinco afios de matrimonio menos de un 50 % han tenido un empleo y entre ellas solamente un 10 % han tenido empleo de manera continua. Las diferencias de fecundidad entre las mujeres activas y las inactivas, son debiles al comienzo, pero aumentan levemente despues, manteniendose siempre independientes del grado de actividad (continuamente activas o no). En el caso de las mujeres mas activas se produce un atraso notorio en relacion a las otras, en el periodo de formacion de su descendencia. Este atraso lo superan lentamente. La fertilidad mas baja de estas mujeres tiene un efecto menos importante en su menor fecundidad : esta es esencialmente voluntaria.