Diah Tri Widayati

Morphological Study of the Transition of Haematopoietic Sites in the Developing Mouse During the Peri‐natal Period

The transition of fetal haematopoietic sites in mice was examined histologically from 12.5‐day embryos (E12.5) until 10 days of age (D10), and the expression of the adhesive molecules VCAM‐1 and fibronectin was examined immunohistologically. Erythropoiesis occurred in the liver (E12.5–18.5), spleen (E18.5–D4) and bone marrow (D6–10), in that sequence. Even at D10, some erythropoiesis occurred in the liver, and more so in the spleen, although the active haematopoietic site was the bone marrow. Similarly, granulopoiesis of neutrophils occurred in the liver, spleen and bone marrow in turn. Granulopoiesis still occurred in the spleen at D10, but no neutrophils were found in the liver after D4. VCAM‐1 appeared in the liver, spleen and bone marrow in parallel with active erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis. The co‐expression of VCAM‐1 and fibronectin was recognized in the endothelial cells of the sinus at the onset of haematopoiesis. This study showed that haematopoiesis in the liver, spleen and bone marrow overlapped peri‐natally, although it shifted sequentially. VCAM‐1 appears to be closely associated with erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis, and the co‐expression of VCAM‐1 and fibronectin plays a role in inducing haematopoietic stem cells to move to the tissues.

Distribution patterns of immunocompetent cells in the pregnant mouse uteri carrying allogeneic mouse and xenogeneic vole embryos

Mouse and vole embryos were allogeneically and xenogeneically transferred into pseudopregnant CD‐1 and immunodeficient (scid) female mice, and we investigated the distribution of immunocompetent cells, uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, mast cells and macrophages, in the implantation sites on days 6, 7 and 8 of gestation. The survival rate of the vole embryos decreased gradually with increased gestation, but the rate was higher in the scid uteri than in the CD‐1 mice. The number of uNK cells increased markedly at the mesometrial triangle and the outer decidual area in the CD‐1 uteri containing vole embryos; by contrast, scid uteri having vole embryos showed almost the same number as those having mouse embryos. Mast cells were present in large numbers at the myometrium, but rarely in the decidua in all types of pregnant uteri. Cells at the myometrium were more numerous in xenogeneic than in allogeneic transfer. Many mast cells appeared in the inner decidua where xenogeneically transferred vole embryos were dead and aborted. Macrophages were present in the outer decidua and myometria in all types of pregnant uteri, and their distribution pattern did not change even in aborted uterine sites. These results suggest: (1) the response of macrophages to dead embryos is completely inhibited, (2) uNK cells and mast cells increase near dead and aborted embryos, and (3) the increment in uNK cells responding to xenogeneic embryos is suppressed in scid mice, and the suppression may contribute partly to survival of the embryos.

Design of Automated Moving Stage with Adaptive Focus System to Support Microscopy Image Stitching

Image stitching is a method to obtain high-resolution images through compositing several image elements using invariant pattern recognizing and matching between each image elements involved. This method can remove resolution restriction in digital microscopy imaging. This study aims to design automated stitching with adaptive focus mechanism to achieve high-quality final stitched image. We attach three-axis microscopic actuator into Olympus CX-21 light microscope. The actuator has been programmed to support image elements capture with adaptive focus ability to compensate focus plane changes due to unevenness object surface, inhomogeneous slide thickness and imperfection of preparation holder. Testing results show automated moving stage has horizontal step resolution 0.198±0.001 μm/step with hysteresis 5.99±1.09 μm and vertical step resolution 0.197±0.004 μm/step with hysteresis 2.36±1.28 μm at maximum speed 3,675μm/sec in 16 sub-division microstep setting value. Automated moving stage has also linear response with R2=0.999. Adaptive focus testing show satisfied optimum objective height locking stability using identical factor ε=95% for every objective application below 100x. Adaptive focus success stabilizes Zopt for every image element to generate final stitched image with homogenous focus value.

Dietary Protected Feed Supplement to Increase Milk Production and Quality of Dairy Cows

The efforts to improve and optimize productivity of dairy cows require sufficient availability of nutrients, especially high energy in the early period of lactation. Increasing energy intake in dairy cows can be conducted by increasing the density of energy. The research aimed to evaluate dietary protected feed supplement on milk production and quality, including: fat, protein, and lactose content of Friesian Holstein dairy cow milk. Protected feed supplement was produced from sardine fish oil, through saponification and microencapsulation protection methods. The experiment consists of two treatments i.e. P0: basal diet (control) and P1: basal diet + 3 % protected feed supplement. Each treatment was repeated 15 times. Data were analyzed by independent samples t-test analysis. Results showed that supplementation of protected sardine fish oil had no effect on lactose content, but increased milk yield production (p<0.01), milk fat content (p<0.05), and protein content (p<0.05).

Reproductive Performance of Jabres Cow at Brebes, Central Java Province, Indonesia

This study was conducted to observe the reproductive performance of Jabres cow at Brebes Regency, Central Java Province. One hundred and seventy four heads of cows were used in this study. Animals were raised by farmers as usual. Feed consumption was observed for 6 days. Birth weight was weighed soon after calves were born. Weaning age, postpartum estrus, postpartum mating, service per conception, gestation period, and calving interval were investigated based on the farmers’ recording. The data collected was analyzed quantitative description. Dry matter (DM), crude protein, and total digestible nutrient intake of cow were 2.32% BW, 11.41% DM, and 60% DM, respectively. Birth weight of Jabres calf was 18.14 kg ± 1.48 kg. Weaning age, postpartum estrus, postpartum mating, service per conception, gestation period, and calving interval of Jabres cow were 191.72 ± 35.30 days, 83.21 ± 19.05 days, 100.22 ± 22.99 days, 1.71 ± 0.80 days, 280.35 ± 17.52 days, and 383.96 ± 21.11 days, respectively. It is concluded that reproductive performance of Jabres cow is quite good. The calving interval can be improved by shortening PPM and decreasing S/C values.

PENGARUH DOSIS SPERMA YANG DIENCERKAN DENGAN NaCl FISIOLOGIS TERHADAP FERTILITAS TELUR PADA INSEMINASI BUATAN AYAM KAMPUNG

The aim of the present experiment was to study the effect of insemination doses on eggs fertility of native chicken. The insemination doses were used to measured the most comparison efficiency of male and female in one flock. Semen was collected and pooled from 5 cockerels aged 52 weeks. Sperm was diluted with physiological NaCl and divided into 3 parts of final doses. Three treatment doses were 25x10 6 /0.1 ml; 75x10 6 /0.1 ml and 150x10 6 /0.1 ml. A total of 9 hens of native chicken aged 30 weeks used for artificial insemination with 3 treatment doses for eggs fertility trials. The result of the study indicated no significant effect of insemination doses treatment on eggs fertility. Eggs fertility for dose 1, dose 2 and dose 3 were 44.13±20.84; 66.67±23.57 and 58.75±14.36%. In conclusion, insemination doses have no effect to fertility of chicken eggs. (Keyword: Native chicken, Sperm doses, Artificial insemination)