Didy Sopandie

Lead accumulation by jabon seedling (Anthocephalus cadamba) on tailing media with application of compost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Lead (Pb) is one of the dangerous heavy metal contained in tailing that needs remediation activity. This study aimed to investigate the potency of jabon to take up and accumulate lead in its tissue by the application of compost and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus (AMF) on pot observation. In Pb-containing tailing media, the average levels of Pb in roots seedling was 50% greater as compared to the levels of Pb in the stem and leaves of seedlings. Application of compost in tailings media significantly increased (p ? 0.5) the average levels of Pb in the roots and stems, but decreased Pb levels in leaves. Applications AMF significantly decreased (p ? 0.5) the average levels of Pb in the roots, stem and leaves of seedlings by approximately 18-33%. The combination applications of compost and AMF significantly (p ? 0.5) increased the level of Pb in the roots, stems and leaves of seedlings at 6, 16 and 27 fold respectively than that in control plant (without compost and AMF). After 12 weeks exposure, lead bioconcentration factor varied from 0.1-1.6 in seedling tissue with transport factor varied from 0.1-1.0. The application of active compost and AMF increased 1-15 fold lead accumulation from control, and the biggest accumulation was 452.9 x10-2 mg/plant with Pb concentration of 1.5 mM. Active compost and AMF application supported jabon seedling to act as lead phytostabilizer and to remove lead from the tailing to the above part of the plant.

Interactions between Ca, Na, and K in Salicornia virginica and barley roots under saline conditions: multi- compartment transport box experiment

Abstract The interrelationships between Ca, Na, and K in excised Salicornia (Salicornia virginica L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Akashinriki) roots under saline conditions were determined using multi-compartment transport boxes. The results showed that Ca considerably depressed Na absorption and translocation in both Salicornia and barley roots. This depressing effect of Ca on Na uptake was more pronounced in barley than in Salicornia roots. High concentrations of NaCl (50 and 150 mM) inhibited the absorption and translocation of K in the roots of both plants in the absence of Ca, especially in barley. Ca addition, however, greatly alleviated the adverse effect of NaCl on K uptake in both Salicornia and barley roots. In contrast to barley, high concentrations of NaCl appeared to stimulate K uptake in Salicornia roots in the presence of Ca. Salicornia seems to be more effective than barley in protecting the K nutrition in its roots from the adverse effect of salt stress. The findings show that Sali...

Optimasi Regenerasi Padi Indica melalui Jalur Organogenesis

Regenerasi tanaman merupakan tahapan penting yang perlu dikuasai sebelum diaplikasikan untuk perakitan varietas unggul secara kultur in vitro. Penelitian bertujuan mengoptimasi teknik regenerasi in vitro beberapa varietas padi indica melalui jalur organogenesis. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang disusun secara faktorial. Materi yang dicobakan, yaitu Ciherang, Inpari 13, Inpara 3, Pokkali, dan IR29. Perlakuan yang diberikan untuk induksi kalus organogenik adalah 2,4-D (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 mg/l) + kasein hidrolisat 3 g/l, untuk regenerasi kalus membentuk tunas adventif adalah BA (0, 1, 5 mg/l) + zeatin (0, 0,1, 0,3 mg/l) + prolin 100 mg/l, untuk multiplikasi tunas adalah MS + thidiazuron/TDZ (0, 0,1, 0,3 mg/l) dan untuk perakar-an adalah IBA (0, 1, 2, 3 mg/l). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan media terbaik untuk induksi kalus untuk padi varietas Ciherang, Inpari 13, dan Pokkali adalah MS + 2,4-D 3 mg/l, sedangkan untuk varietas Inpari 3 dan IR 29 adalah MS + 2,4-D 5 mg/l. Media terbaik untuk regenerasi tunas untuk varietas Ciherang adalah BA 5 mg/l + zeatin 0,1 mg/l + prolin 100 mg/l, untuk Inpari 13 adalah MS + BA 3 mg/l + zeatin 0,3 mg/l + prolin 100 mg/l, untuk Inpara 3 adalah BA 5 mg/l + zeatin 0,3 mg/l + prolin 100 mg/l dan untuk Pokkali dan IR29 adalah MS + BA 3 mg/l + zeatin 0,1 mg/l. Media terbaik untuk multiplikasi tunas adalah MS + TDZ 0,3 mg/l dan untuk induksi perakaran adalah MS + IBA 2 mg/l. Setiap tahapan kegiatan pembentukan planlet membutuhkan formulasi media yang berbeda.

RESPONSE OF Andrographis paniculata ON PHOSPHATE AND ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA CONSORTIA IN NUTRIENT SOLUTION MEDIA

Phosphate and endophytic bacteria are two necessary components in primary and secondary metabolic processes of king bitter (Andrographis paniculata). This research objectives to know the effect of P and endophytic bacteria consortia (EBC) to improve growth, yield and andrographolide content of A. paniculata. This experiment consisted of two stages: a) the response of A. paniculata to P concentrations in growth medium. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design with six treatments and four replications. The P concentrations were 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 1.0, and 2.0 mM KH2PO4. b) The response of A. paniculata to P concentration and EBC in nutrient solution media. The trial used a factorial randomized block design, 4 treatments, factorial, with six replications. The first factors were P consentration P; deficient P (0,1 mM KH2PO4), and P sufficient (1,0 mM KH2PO4). The second factors were EBC; without and with EBC (20CD). The results of the first stage indicated that P was deficient at 0.1 mM KH2PO4 and P sufficient at 1.0 mM KH2PO4. The results of the second stage showed that the P sufficient concentration significantly increased growth, and dry weight of herb. However, P deficient improved andrographolide content. The EBC significantly improved growth, increased dry weight of herb, and andrographolide yield. Although had no significant effect on andrographolide content. There were no interaction between P concentration and EBC in nutrient solution media. Fosfat (P) dan bakteri endofit merupakan dua komponen yang penting di dalam proses metabolit primer dan sekunder pada tanaman sambiloto. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh P dan konsorsium bakteri endofit (KBE) terhadap peningkatan pertumbuhan, produksi dan kadar andrografolid tanaman sambiloto. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 tahap: a) Respon tanaman sambiloto terhadap konsentrasi P pada media larutan hara, menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, 6 perlakuan, dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan P terdiri dari 0; 0,01; 0,05; 0,1; 1,0; dan 2,0 mM KH2PO4. b) Response tanaman sambiloto terhadap P dan KBE pada media larutan hara, Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, faktorial, 4 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi P terdiri dari P kurang (0,1 mM KH2PO4) dan P cukup (1,0 mM KH2PO4). Faktor kedua adalah bakteri yaitu tanpa KBE dan dengan KBE (20CD). Hasil penelitian pada tahap pertama menunjukkan bahwa diperoleh dosis P kurang untuk tanaman sambiloto (0,1 mM KH2PO4) dan dosis P cukup (1,0 mM KH2PO4). Hasil penelitian pada tahap kedua menunjukkan bahwa Pemberian P cukup mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan, dan bobot kering herba. Sebaliknya, P kurang meningkatkan kadar andrografolid. KBE mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan, bobot kering herba, dan produksi andrografolid, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi kandungan andrografolid. Tidak ada interaksi antara P dan KBE dalam media larutan hara.

Characterization of Full Length Sequence of JJ3 Isolated from Shade Tolerant Soybean

The aim of this study was to characterize full length sequence of JJ3 isolated from shade tolerant soybean. The characterization of full length sequence involved analyses of structure of full length sequence, open reading frame (ORF) or coding sequence (CDS), and homology. The analyses of JJ3 full length sequence structure were done using GeneScanW program, coding sequence (CDS) or open reading frame (ORF) using ORF Finder program, and the homology of JJ3 full length sequence were done using BLAST and clustalW programs. Results showed that the full length sequence of JJ3 consisted of single exon and polyA. Single exon was a coding sequence (CDS) 633 bp produced open reading frame (ORF) with 210 amino acid deduction comprised of 136 conserved amino acids and 77 varied amino acids. The conserved domain of JJ3 produced functional protein, PsaD photosystem I (PSI) subunit, related to photosynthetic transport electron in PSI reaction center. The full length of JJ3 homolog to psaD, a gene encoding protein subunit photosystem I (PSI) related to mechanism of plant adaptation to shade stress, in wood tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris), rice (Oryza sativa), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and potato (Solanum tuberosum). Key words: full length sequence, gene, homology, shade tolerant, soybean

CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE WHEAT MUTANT (Triticum aestivum L.) DEWATA AND SELAYAR IN TROPICAL LOWLAND.

Oil derived from microalga has a big potential to substitute fossil fuel so that the oil extraction method needs to be developed. This study aims to compare the method for cell disruption in oil extraction of Spirulina sp. and Chlorella sp. microalgae. Spirulina sp. and Chlorella sp. were cultivated each in a pond with maximum capacity of 600 liters at Biotechnology Laboratory of Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology. Spirulina sp. were harvested by filtered it using satin. Chlorella sp. was harvested using coagulant NaOH, so it was needed to be neutralized to pH 7 with citric acid addition. The cell wall of Spirulina sp. and Chlorella sp. then was ruptured using sonicator and microwave, while other sample without disruption as control. The suspension then was macerated with n-hexane solvent, to extract the oil content. Oil content of Spirulina sp. which has been collected from this experiment gave result control: microwave: sonicator as 1.17%, 1.28%, and 1.97% respectively. Meanwhile, oil content of Chlorella sp. gave result from control, microwave, and sonicator as 0.93%, 1.20%, and 1.69% respectively. It was concluded that sonicator is the best method in oil extraction of cultured microalgae.The Bina Marga standard bridge has been implemented as bridge designing references in Indonesia. One of the standard bridge types is a composite bridge. This composite bridge is designed based on RSNI T-02-2005, an Indonesian bridge loading standard. This standard is based on Load and Resistance Factored Design (LRFD) method. LRFD method is treating statistical data on loads and strengths as random variables that have to be evaluated periodically using reliability index as the indicator. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the reliability of a 25 m simple span composite bridge structure due to statistical load data from weigh-in-motion (WIM) vehicular loads measurement in Pantura highway of Cikampek-Pamanukan, West Java in 2011 and RSNI T-02-2005 nominal vehicular load. The results of this research are maximum bending moment due to RSNI T-02-2005 nominal vehicular load is 526.55 kNm with a probability of exceedance of 4.5 x 10-7 and the reliability index of this composite bridge is 7.16, which is larger than reliability target of AASHTO of 3.50.

Isolation, Cloning and Characterization of Actin-Encoding cDNAs from Jatropha curcas L. IP-2P

Actin is a major component of the plant cytoskeleton, so all cells contain this protein. Actin is expressed constitutively and is involved in basic housekeeping functions required for cell maintenance. Because of this, it has been frequently used as an internal control to normalize changes in gene expressions analysis. Actually, the information of nucleotide sequence of actin gene of Jatropha curcas L. population IP-2P from Indonesia is not available yet. The objective of this research was to isolate, clone and characterize cDNA of actin genes of J. curcas IP-2P. Three partial actin gene sequences had been successfully isolated by PCR using total cDNA as template, and actin primer designed from conserved region of Arabidopsis thaliana. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the length of JcACT fragment is 610, 534, and 701 bp encoding 203, 177, and 234 amino acids respectively. Local alignment analysis based on mRNA sequences shows that JcACT fragment shares 98% similarity with actin mRNA of Hevea brasiliensis and 99% with actin mRNA of Ricinus communis. Based on deduced amino acid sequence, JcACT is 100% identical to actins from Prunus salicina, Gossypium hirsutum, and Betula luminifera. Even though these clones of cDNA are not completed yet, they can be used as reference in J. curcas L. gene expression analysis.

Respon Beberapa Genotipe Kedelai Terhadap Tingkat Cekaman Kekeringan Tanah Ultisol

This research was aimed to find out the tolerant and susceptible soybean genotypes to drought stress. Twenty two genotypes were tested on three levels of drought stress, based on soil moisture conditions: 80% of field capacity (FC ), 60% FC and 40% FC. The experiment was conducted in plastic house at the experimental field of Meteorological Station, Sampali, Medan, from February to May 2000. The results show that increasing on the severity of drought caused significantly reduced growth and yields, which indicated by the reduction on shoot dry weight, stem diameter, filled pod number, seed number/plant and seed dry weight. The level of growth and yield reductions varied 1 among genotypes. The highest variation was shown at the drought level of 60% FC. Sindoro and Lokon were selected as tolerant and susceptible genotypes, consecutively. It was concluded that the adaptation of tolerant plants strongly related to their ability to improve the root system and to reduce the transpiration surfaces. Key words: Soybean, Drought, Tolerant, Susceptible

Pengaruh Waktu dan Cara Pemberian N Sebagai Pupuk Tambahan terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kedelai (Glycine Max (L.) Merr.) pada Budidaya Basah

An experiment was conducted at Muara Experimental Station, Research Institute of Food Crops Biotechnology, Bogor, from October 1996 to January 1997. Split block design was used in this experiment. Factors of experiment consisted of time of fertilizer application (3 week after planting (wap), 3 and 5 wap, and 3, 5, and 7 wap) and method of N fertilizer application (100% fertilizer through soil; 75% through soil, 25% through leaves; 50% through soil, 50% through leaves; 25% through soil, 75% through leaves; and 100% through leaves). Result of experiment showed that N application at 3 and 5 wap with 50% through soils and 50% through leaves increased dry weight to 11.4% if compared to 100% N through foliar application. Time of N application to 7 wap increased empty pod/plant to 31%. Method of N fertilizer application through leaves damaged the soybean leaves. Key word: Fertilization, Nitrogen, Soybean