Nurul Khumaida

Variability of curcuminoid content and lack of correlation with cytotoxicity in ethanolic extracts from 20 accessions of Curcuma aeruginosa RoxB

Abstract Objective To evaluate the contents of curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin) and the cytotoxic activity in ethanolic extracts of 20 Curcuma aeruginosa RoxB. ( C. aeruginosa ) accessions collected from regions of Indonesia. Methods Curcuminoid compounds were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography with standards, and the cytotoxic activity was evaluated by the brine shrimp lethality test. Results Curcuminoids, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin contents of C. aeruginosa accessions varied from 0.01% to 1.95% with the coefficient of variation (CV) of 27.36%, 0.01% to 1.45% with a CV of 30.56%, 0.01% to 0.47% with a CV of 25.16%, and 0.01% to 0.03% with a CV of 30.90%, respectively, which was higher in the Wonogiri accessions. All accessions of C. aeruginosa were found to be effective in general toxicity against brine shrimps. Conclusions The Wonogiri accession of C. aeruginosa could be selected as a high quality clone for curcuminoid production for an industry breeding program.

Optimasi Regenerasi Padi Indica melalui Jalur Organogenesis

Regenerasi tanaman merupakan tahapan penting yang perlu dikuasai sebelum diaplikasikan untuk perakitan varietas unggul secara kultur in vitro. Penelitian bertujuan mengoptimasi teknik regenerasi in vitro beberapa varietas padi indica melalui jalur organogenesis. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang disusun secara faktorial. Materi yang dicobakan, yaitu Ciherang, Inpari 13, Inpara 3, Pokkali, dan IR29. Perlakuan yang diberikan untuk induksi kalus organogenik adalah 2,4-D (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 mg/l) + kasein hidrolisat 3 g/l, untuk regenerasi kalus membentuk tunas adventif adalah BA (0, 1, 5 mg/l) + zeatin (0, 0,1, 0,3 mg/l) + prolin 100 mg/l, untuk multiplikasi tunas adalah MS + thidiazuron/TDZ (0, 0,1, 0,3 mg/l) dan untuk perakar-an adalah IBA (0, 1, 2, 3 mg/l). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan media terbaik untuk induksi kalus untuk padi varietas Ciherang, Inpari 13, dan Pokkali adalah MS + 2,4-D 3 mg/l, sedangkan untuk varietas Inpari 3 dan IR 29 adalah MS + 2,4-D 5 mg/l. Media terbaik untuk regenerasi tunas untuk varietas Ciherang adalah BA 5 mg/l + zeatin 0,1 mg/l + prolin 100 mg/l, untuk Inpari 13 adalah MS + BA 3 mg/l + zeatin 0,3 mg/l + prolin 100 mg/l, untuk Inpara 3 adalah BA 5 mg/l + zeatin 0,3 mg/l + prolin 100 mg/l dan untuk Pokkali dan IR29 adalah MS + BA 3 mg/l + zeatin 0,1 mg/l. Media terbaik untuk multiplikasi tunas adalah MS + TDZ 0,3 mg/l dan untuk induksi perakaran adalah MS + IBA 2 mg/l. Setiap tahapan kegiatan pembentukan planlet membutuhkan formulasi media yang berbeda.

Characterization of Full Length Sequence of JJ3 Isolated from Shade Tolerant Soybean

The aim of this study was to characterize full length sequence of JJ3 isolated from shade tolerant soybean. The characterization of full length sequence involved analyses of structure of full length sequence, open reading frame (ORF) or coding sequence (CDS), and homology. The analyses of JJ3 full length sequence structure were done using GeneScanW program, coding sequence (CDS) or open reading frame (ORF) using ORF Finder program, and the homology of JJ3 full length sequence were done using BLAST and clustalW programs. Results showed that the full length sequence of JJ3 consisted of single exon and polyA. Single exon was a coding sequence (CDS) 633 bp produced open reading frame (ORF) with 210 amino acid deduction comprised of 136 conserved amino acids and 77 varied amino acids. The conserved domain of JJ3 produced functional protein, PsaD photosystem I (PSI) subunit, related to photosynthetic transport electron in PSI reaction center. The full length of JJ3 homolog to psaD, a gene encoding protein subunit photosystem I (PSI) related to mechanism of plant adaptation to shade stress, in wood tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris), rice (Oryza sativa), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and potato (Solanum tuberosum). Key words: full length sequence, gene, homology, shade tolerant, soybean

Aktivitas Kitinase dan Peroksidase dari Ekstrak Kasar Protein Asal Kalus dan Berbagai Jaringan Tanaman Trichosanthes cucumerina var. anguina

Chitinase and peroxydase are important bioactive proteins or are specific enzymes that are related to plant resistance to pathogens. The aims of the research were to analyze the chitinase and peroxidase activities of crude protein extract from calli, stem, leaves and roots of T. cucumerinavar. anguina. In the first experiment, chitinase and peroxydase activities were analyzed from in vitro calli, leaves and roots obtained from 2-month-old of field grown plants. The media for calli induction were Murashige and Skoog medium with addition of 1 µM NAA + 1 µM BA, 2 µM NAA + 2 µM BA, 3 µM NAA + 3 µM BA, or 4 µM NAA + 4 µM BA. In the second experiment, the chitinase and peroxydase activities from crude protein extract of roots, stems and leaves were analyzed. The extracts were from 3-week-old seedling (less than a month), 1-month and 2-month-old plants. The first and the second experiment results showed that crude protein extracts of plant roots from the field grown plants had the highest chitinase and peroxidase activities. Stem of field grown plants had the similar level of chitinase activities with the plant roots. Chitinase activities of in vitro calli were not significantly different from those of plant roots so that it could be used as an alternative for plant roots in studying chitinase from T. cucumerinavar. anguina. Chitinase activities in crude protein extracts of roots appeared constant whereas peroxidase tend to increase with plant age. Keywords: calli, enzyme activities, leaves, roots, stem