Diego de Sousa Pereira

Germinação e expressão morfológica de frutos, sementes e plântulas de Pilosocereus pachycladus Ritter

It was aimed to present the results on the germination, morphology of fruits, seeds and description of stages of plant growth of Pilosocereus pachycladus. The seeds were obtained from fruits harvested at the Curu Valley Experimental Farm, in Pentecoste - CE. Ten fruits were used to the realization of the biometric and morphological determinations. For description of the morphology of the seeds, were considered the external and internal aspects. Two light conditions (12 hours photoperiod and total darkness) and three temperatures (25; 30 and 20-30 °C) were tested in a factorial arrangement 2 x 3 arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications of 50 seeds each. Counts were done daily until the 16 th da y after sowing and to evaluated: the percentage and velocity index of germination. For description of the morphology of the seeds, were considered the external and internal aspects. For description and illustration of the external morphology of germination and seedling, were sowed 200 seeds in a polyethylene tray. The processes of germination and seedling growth were evaluated during 150 days and eight stages of development were characterized and those were based on morphological differences observed. It was concluded that, the fruit measures 38.13 mm of length, 50.53 mm of thickness and 3786 seeds. The constant temperatures of 25 oC and 30 oC under a photoperiod of 12 hours made possible the highest percentages and velocities of germination and the seeds behave as photoblastic positive. 150 days after sowing, the epicotyl is growing with a large amount of thorns and 94.31 mm of length.

Armazenamento de sementes de xique-xique

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of Pilosocereus gounellei seeds stored in different environments and types of packaging for six months. The experimental design was completely randomized, in split plots with four replications. The plots received two storage environments, cold chamber and natural environment, and three types of package, multi-layer paper bag, plastic bag and glass. The subplots received the storage periods 0, 2, 4 and 6 months. After each storage period, the seed moisture content, percentage of germination, germination speed index and mean time of germination were evaluated. The cold chamber was more suitable to store xique-xique seeds compared to the natural environment. In that environment, all the packages were effective to keep the physiological quality. In the natural environment, the seeds packed in plastic bags showed the highest percentage of germination (87%), but the multi-layer paper bag was more stable for all variables, with 58% of germination, speed index of germination equals to 3.9 and mean time of germination of 7.9 days after six months of storage. In the natural environment, multi-layer paper bags showed the best results to the conservation of xique-xique seed viability.

Germination and morphological characterization of the fruits, seeds, and seedlings of Pilosocereus gounellei

The present work examined the germination and morphology of the fruits and seeds of the cactus Pilosocereus gounellei (xique-xique) and describeb the different stages of seedling growth. Germination tests examined the effects of combinations of two illumination regimes (a 12 hour photoperiod and total darkness) and three temperature regimes (25, 30, and 20-30 oC) on the seeds of this species. Germination counts were made daily until the 16th day after sowing and the germination percentage and velocity index, and average germination time were evaluated. Descriptions of seed morphology considered both their external and internal aspects. The processes of germination and seedling growth were evaluated during 150 days and eight developmental stages were identified based on morphological changes. The fruits of the xique-xique cactus are 40.67 ± 4.40 mm long and 48.09 ± 3.23 mm in diameter, weigh 53.85 ± 10.03 g, and contain 3713 ± 689.50 seeds. Alternating temperatures of 20-30 oC together with a photoperiod of 12 hours of light resulted in the highest seed germination rate. The seeds are positively photoblastic and germination is epigeal and fanerocotyledonary. Seedling growth is slow, but at 150 days after sowing the plants had developed epicotyls, large numbers of thorns, and the whole plant averaged 59.56 mm in height.

Emergence and initial growth of Copernicia prunifera (Arecaceae) as a function of fruit maturation

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of fruit maturation on the physiological quality of seeds and on the initial growth of carnauba palm (Copernicia prunifera). Propagules were collected from specimens of urban tree growth in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. The treatments were set up with four replications in a 2x3+1 factorial arrangement; the factors consisted of two color tones of fruit (yellowish-green and dark colored fruit), three types of propagules (whole fruit, pulped fruit and seeds) and an additional control (pre-germinated seed extracted from dark colored fruits) in a completely randomized design. The variables assessed were: percentage of emergence, plant height, stem diameter, dry weight of the shoots and of the root system, and the Dickson quality index. The yellowish-green fruits may be used in carnauba palm propagation if the pulp and the pellicle around the seed are removed. Plants derived from dark colored fruits exhibit greater values for height, stem diameter, dry weight of the above ground part and of the roots. From the Dickson quality index, plants derived from dark colored fruits have a better standard of quality than those from yellowish-green fruits.

Germination and morphology of fruits, seeds and plants of Cereus jamacaru DC

This work aimed to evaluate the germination and morphology of fruits, seeds and description of plant growth stages of mandacaru. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, consisting of combinations of two light conditions and three temperature regimes. A daily count of the number of germinated seeds was performed until the 16 th day after sowing in order to determine the percentage, speed and time of germination. External and internal aspects were considered for the morphological description. The germination and the development of plants were evaluated for 150 days and featured eight stages of growth, based on morphological differentiation. The fruit has 154,66 ± 40,01 g mass, 82,26 ± 5,78 mm length, 62,63 ± 6,63 mm diameter and 1439 ± 189,78 seeds. The temperature of 25 °C under a photoperiod of 12 h provides the highest rate of seed germination and the seeds behave as neutral photoblastic. The germination is epigeal and fanerocotyledonary. The growth is slow and after 150 days of sowing the plant presents epicotyl with a large amount of thorns, where the whole plant is 325.30 mm in length.

Influência da maturação dos frutos na emergência e crescimento inicial de Copernicia hospita Mart. - Arecaceae

Objetivou-se nessa pesquisa avaliar a influencia da maturacao dos frutos na qualidade fisiologica das sementes e crescimento inicial de Copernicia hospita. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em um fatorial 2 x 3 x 2 com quatro repeticoes, os fatores foram constituidos por duas coloracoes de frutos (verde-amarelados e escuros), tres tipos de propagulos (fruto integro, fruto despolpado e semente), e embebicao (sem e com) por cinco dias, dispostos em um delineamento inteiramente casualisado. As variaveis de observacao foram: porcentagem, velocidade e tempo medio de emergencia, altura da planta, diâmetro do coleto, massa seca da parte aerea e do sistema radicular. Frutos de coloracao escura, independentemente do tipo de propagulo, e frutos verdes amarelados despolpados, com ou sem embebicao, mostram-se superiores com uma maior porcentagem de emergencia, indice de velocidade e menor tempo medio de emergencia. A embebicao dos propagulos proporciona incrementos na massa seca da parte aerea, das raizes e no diâmetro do coleto.

Physiological Quality of Maize Seeds Harvested with Different Moisture Contents and Submitted to Drying Delay

Maize seeds harvested on ears with high moisture content must be dried quickly before the processing. However, the seeds pass for a drying delay due to an overload of the seed processing unit. In this period, seeds under bad storage present an increase on the deterioration speed, causing a decrease on germination and vigour. It was aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds of the inbred line GNS25 submitted to a delay of drying. The seeds were harvested with 48.0, 40.5, 34.2, 29.4 and 23.5% moisture content and then submitted to a delay for 0, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours at 20, 40 and 60 °C. It was observed that there is no loss on germination of maize seeds when the drying delay happens at 20 and 40 °C with moisture content lower than 40.5% for up to 48 hours, but when harvested with 48% moisture content the changes are observed since the beginning of the delay; there are changes on maize seeds vigour after drying delay even in the milder temperatures (20 and 40 °C), mainly when the seeds are harvested in the most humid points (48, 40.5 and 34.2% moisture content); the drying delay at 60 °C causes decrease on viability and vigour of maize seeds in all the moisture contents and delay times; the amount of heat resistant protein is lower in the seeds harvested with 48%, intermediate in the seeds harvested with 34.2% and higher in the seeds harvested with 23.5% moisture content.

Efeito da Temperatura e do KNO3 na Germinação de Acnistus arborescens (Solanaceae)

The propagation of Acnistus arborescens (fruto-do-sabia) is usually made using cuttings, because the germination percentage of this species is low. The objective of this work was to study the effect of temperature and potassium nitrate (KNO3) stimulant on the germination of fruto-do-sabia. The experiment was conducted under four temperature regimes (20, 25, 30 and 20-30 °C), with and without potassium nitrate, in a completely randomized design with four replications of 50 seeds each. The percentage, speed index, and average time of germination were evaluated. Under constant temperatures, KNO3 improved germination, with the highest percentages (>68%) obtained at the temperatures of 20 and 25 °C. The alternating temperature of 20-30 °C was effective in overcoming seed dormancy without addition of KNO3; therefore, besides the vegetative propagation, the production of seedlings from seeds is viable.

BIOMETRIA E EMERGÊNCIA DE Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C.Smith EM FUNÇÃO DA COLORAÇÃO DO FRUTO

This paper evaluated the biometry of fruits, seeds and seedling emergence of Amburana cearensis (Allemao) AC Smith derived from fruits with different stages of coloring and drying. Fruits of red color, dark and closed and the ground seeds were collected after dehiscence of the fruit. At each stage of maturation, length, width and thickness of fruits and seeds were measured. Then, we proceeded to the descriptive analysis. To test the emergency four replicates of 25 seeds were seeded and distributed in a completely randomized design with factorial [(2 x 2 + 1)] and two fruit colors (red and dark) and two drying conditions (with and without ) and an additional (seeds collected on the ground after dehiscence). The evaluation was done by determining: the percentage, index of speed and average time of emergency, and measuring the height and shoot dry matter of the seedling. Considering the results, it was found that red and black fruits and their seeds of Amburana cearensis have different biometric characteristics and the drying process favors the emergence percentage, but had no positive effect on height and shoot dry matter