Nayara Roberto Gonçalves

Morfologia de sementes e plântulas de cártamos

The safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) belongs to the Compositae or Asteraceae family, nowadays, it is used to adornment. The objective of this experiment was to determinate the biometry, to describe and to illustrate the external morphology of the seed. The essay was conducted at the Laboratory of Analysis of Seeds of the Phytotechny Department, Center of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Ceara State. It was calculated the weight of 1000-seeds and the water content of the seeds. It was made the individual measuring of the length, of the breadth and of the thickness to the biometric determinations and determined the morphologic characterization of their external parts. The 1000-seeds weight of this lot was 33.75 g and the water content was 8.6%. It was observed that the safflower seed is eurispermic, with the following dimensions: length equal to 6.84 mm, width equal to 4.21 mm and thickness equal to 3.37 mm. The germination is phanero-epigeal.

Germinação e expressão morfológica de frutos, sementes e plântulas de Pilosocereus pachycladus Ritter

It was aimed to present the results on the germination, morphology of fruits, seeds and description of stages of plant growth of Pilosocereus pachycladus. The seeds were obtained from fruits harvested at the Curu Valley Experimental Farm, in Pentecoste - CE. Ten fruits were used to the realization of the biometric and morphological determinations. For description of the morphology of the seeds, were considered the external and internal aspects. Two light conditions (12 hours photoperiod and total darkness) and three temperatures (25; 30 and 20-30 °C) were tested in a factorial arrangement 2 x 3 arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications of 50 seeds each. Counts were done daily until the 16 th da y after sowing and to evaluated: the percentage and velocity index of germination. For description of the morphology of the seeds, were considered the external and internal aspects. For description and illustration of the external morphology of germination and seedling, were sowed 200 seeds in a polyethylene tray. The processes of germination and seedling growth were evaluated during 150 days and eight stages of development were characterized and those were based on morphological differences observed. It was concluded that, the fruit measures 38.13 mm of length, 50.53 mm of thickness and 3786 seeds. The constant temperatures of 25 oC and 30 oC under a photoperiod of 12 hours made possible the highest percentages and velocities of germination and the seeds behave as photoblastic positive. 150 days after sowing, the epicotyl is growing with a large amount of thorns and 94.31 mm of length.

Biometria e efeito da temperatura e tamanho das sementes na protrusão do pecíolo cotiledonar de carnaúba

This work aimed to evaluate the biometry of carnauba seeds and the effect of temperature and seeds size on the protrusion of cotyledonary petiole. It was realized the biometric analysis with a sample of 100 seeds, evaluating length and diameter, what allowed to classify the seeds in three diameter classes. It was used a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement 4 x 4: four seeds sizes (small - Φ 14.24 mm and mixture - seeds that were not classified) and four temperatures (20, 25 and 30 °C and environmental temperature - 28.8 °C). Were used four replications of 25 seeds per treatment and each experimental unit was packed in recipients containing 250 mL of water, maintained under different temperatures, realizing daily counting of the seeds that presented the protrusion of the cotyledonary petiole. The results allowed the conclusion that the length and the diameter of the carnauba seeds analyzed present an asymmetric behavior to the left. Under the temperatures of 20 and 25 oC occurred the highest percentages of protrusion of cotyledonary petiole in all the seeds sizes, except for the large seeds, that expressed the best result only under 25 oC. Seed of sizes medium, large and mixture presented highest protrusion speed. The temperature of 25 oC is the one that promotes the highest protrusion speed. When maintained under 20 oC, the seeds took 32 days to obtain maximum protrusion of the cotyledonary petiole.

Physiological quality of osmoprimed eggplant seeds

Eggplant seeds germination can be slow and uneven, justifying the use of pre-germinative treatments to improve the performance of seed lots. One option of treatment is the controlled hydration of seeds by priming. In this way, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of eggplant seeds cv. Embu submitted to different methodologies of priming. The seeds used in the experiment were stored in cold chamber (15o C and 55% RH) in paper bags. The research was carried out at Central Laboratory of Seeds/UFLA. The seeds were submitted to the priming in aerated solutions varying the following factors: temperature (15o C and 25o C), time (24, 48 and 72 hours) and solution (water, PEG, KNO3 and PEG+KNO3). Seeds were washed in running water and dried at 30o C, until the return to the initial moisture content, around 10%. The variables analyzed were percentage of germination, percentage of emergence, speed index of emergence and electrical conductivity. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, according to a factorial arrangement 2x3x4+1 (control - seeds without priming). The results showed that priming improves the vigour of eggplant seeds with no effect on viability; the priming in water or KNO3 is efficient to improve the seed vigour and priming in water or KNO3 may use temperature of 15o C or 25o C for 24, 48 or 72 hours.

Emergence and initial growth of Copernicia prunifera (Arecaceae) as a function of fruit maturation

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of fruit maturation on the physiological quality of seeds and on the initial growth of carnauba palm (Copernicia prunifera). Propagules were collected from specimens of urban tree growth in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. The treatments were set up with four replications in a 2x3+1 factorial arrangement; the factors consisted of two color tones of fruit (yellowish-green and dark colored fruit), three types of propagules (whole fruit, pulped fruit and seeds) and an additional control (pre-germinated seed extracted from dark colored fruits) in a completely randomized design. The variables assessed were: percentage of emergence, plant height, stem diameter, dry weight of the shoots and of the root system, and the Dickson quality index. The yellowish-green fruits may be used in carnauba palm propagation if the pulp and the pellicle around the seed are removed. Plants derived from dark colored fruits exhibit greater values for height, stem diameter, dry weight of the above ground part and of the roots. From the Dickson quality index, plants derived from dark colored fruits have a better standard of quality than those from yellowish-green fruits.

Germination and morphology of fruits, seeds and plants of Cereus jamacaru DC

This work aimed to evaluate the germination and morphology of fruits, seeds and description of plant growth stages of mandacaru. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, consisting of combinations of two light conditions and three temperature regimes. A daily count of the number of germinated seeds was performed until the 16 th day after sowing in order to determine the percentage, speed and time of germination. External and internal aspects were considered for the morphological description. The germination and the development of plants were evaluated for 150 days and featured eight stages of growth, based on morphological differentiation. The fruit has 154,66 ± 40,01 g mass, 82,26 ± 5,78 mm length, 62,63 ± 6,63 mm diameter and 1439 ± 189,78 seeds. The temperature of 25 °C under a photoperiod of 12 h provides the highest rate of seed germination and the seeds behave as neutral photoblastic. The germination is epigeal and fanerocotyledonary. The growth is slow and after 150 days of sowing the plant presents epicotyl with a large amount of thorns, where the whole plant is 325.30 mm in length.

Influência da maturação dos frutos na emergência e crescimento inicial de Copernicia hospita Mart. - Arecaceae

Objetivou-se nessa pesquisa avaliar a influencia da maturacao dos frutos na qualidade fisiologica das sementes e crescimento inicial de Copernicia hospita. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em um fatorial 2 x 3 x 2 com quatro repeticoes, os fatores foram constituidos por duas coloracoes de frutos (verde-amarelados e escuros), tres tipos de propagulos (fruto integro, fruto despolpado e semente), e embebicao (sem e com) por cinco dias, dispostos em um delineamento inteiramente casualisado. As variaveis de observacao foram: porcentagem, velocidade e tempo medio de emergencia, altura da planta, diâmetro do coleto, massa seca da parte aerea e do sistema radicular. Frutos de coloracao escura, independentemente do tipo de propagulo, e frutos verdes amarelados despolpados, com ou sem embebicao, mostram-se superiores com uma maior porcentagem de emergencia, indice de velocidade e menor tempo medio de emergencia. A embebicao dos propagulos proporciona incrementos na massa seca da parte aerea, das raizes e no diâmetro do coleto.