Rodrigo de Góes Esperon Reis

Morfologia de sementes e plântulas de cártamos

The safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) belongs to the Compositae or Asteraceae family, nowadays, it is used to adornment. The objective of this experiment was to determinate the biometry, to describe and to illustrate the external morphology of the seed. The essay was conducted at the Laboratory of Analysis of Seeds of the Phytotechny Department, Center of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Ceara State. It was calculated the weight of 1000-seeds and the water content of the seeds. It was made the individual measuring of the length, of the breadth and of the thickness to the biometric determinations and determined the morphologic characterization of their external parts. The 1000-seeds weight of this lot was 33.75 g and the water content was 8.6%. It was observed that the safflower seed is eurispermic, with the following dimensions: length equal to 6.84 mm, width equal to 4.21 mm and thickness equal to 3.37 mm. The germination is phanero-epigeal.

Germinação e expressão morfológica de frutos, sementes e plântulas de Pilosocereus pachycladus Ritter

It was aimed to present the results on the germination, morphology of fruits, seeds and description of stages of plant growth of Pilosocereus pachycladus. The seeds were obtained from fruits harvested at the Curu Valley Experimental Farm, in Pentecoste - CE. Ten fruits were used to the realization of the biometric and morphological determinations. For description of the morphology of the seeds, were considered the external and internal aspects. Two light conditions (12 hours photoperiod and total darkness) and three temperatures (25; 30 and 20-30 °C) were tested in a factorial arrangement 2 x 3 arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications of 50 seeds each. Counts were done daily until the 16 th da y after sowing and to evaluated: the percentage and velocity index of germination. For description of the morphology of the seeds, were considered the external and internal aspects. For description and illustration of the external morphology of germination and seedling, were sowed 200 seeds in a polyethylene tray. The processes of germination and seedling growth were evaluated during 150 days and eight stages of development were characterized and those were based on morphological differences observed. It was concluded that, the fruit measures 38.13 mm of length, 50.53 mm of thickness and 3786 seeds. The constant temperatures of 25 oC and 30 oC under a photoperiod of 12 hours made possible the highest percentages and velocities of germination and the seeds behave as photoblastic positive. 150 days after sowing, the epicotyl is growing with a large amount of thorns and 94.31 mm of length.

Biometria e efeito da temperatura e tamanho das sementes na protrusão do pecíolo cotiledonar de carnaúba

This work aimed to evaluate the biometry of carnauba seeds and the effect of temperature and seeds size on the protrusion of cotyledonary petiole. It was realized the biometric analysis with a sample of 100 seeds, evaluating length and diameter, what allowed to classify the seeds in three diameter classes. It was used a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement 4 x 4: four seeds sizes (small - Φ 14.24 mm and mixture - seeds that were not classified) and four temperatures (20, 25 and 30 °C and environmental temperature - 28.8 °C). Were used four replications of 25 seeds per treatment and each experimental unit was packed in recipients containing 250 mL of water, maintained under different temperatures, realizing daily counting of the seeds that presented the protrusion of the cotyledonary petiole. The results allowed the conclusion that the length and the diameter of the carnauba seeds analyzed present an asymmetric behavior to the left. Under the temperatures of 20 and 25 oC occurred the highest percentages of protrusion of cotyledonary petiole in all the seeds sizes, except for the large seeds, that expressed the best result only under 25 oC. Seed of sizes medium, large and mixture presented highest protrusion speed. The temperature of 25 oC is the one that promotes the highest protrusion speed. When maintained under 20 oC, the seeds took 32 days to obtain maximum protrusion of the cotyledonary petiole.

Physiological quality of osmoprimed gherkin seeds

It was aimed to verify the effect of different methodologies of osmopriming on physiological quality of gherkin seeds. Prior, it has been characterized the initial profile of the gherkin seeds. Then, the seeds were osmoprimed in gerboxes containing two blotter papers wetted with osmotic solutions in a volume equal to three times the paper dry weight and kept in BOD at 15 °C. After the priming, the seeds were dried at room temperature for 48 hours. Then, the following variables were evaluated: seeds moisture content, percentage of germination, percentage of emergence, emergence speed index and electrical conductivity. The analyses of variances were realized according to a randomized design in a factorial scheme 3 x 2 x 4: three solutes (polyetilene glycol 6000 - PEG, potassium nitrate - KNO3 and PEG + KNO3), two osmotic potentials (-0.55 and -1.10 MPa) and four times of priming (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours), followed by analyses of regression. It is concluded that the priming has no effect on germination and affects positively the vigor of the gherkin seeds lots; osmopriming with potassium nitrate is effective in improving the physiological quality of gherkin seeds lot.

Physiological quality of osmoprimed eggplant seeds

Eggplant seeds germination can be slow and uneven, justifying the use of pre-germinative treatments to improve the performance of seed lots. One option of treatment is the controlled hydration of seeds by priming. In this way, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of eggplant seeds cv. Embu submitted to different methodologies of priming. The seeds used in the experiment were stored in cold chamber (15o C and 55% RH) in paper bags. The research was carried out at Central Laboratory of Seeds/UFLA. The seeds were submitted to the priming in aerated solutions varying the following factors: temperature (15o C and 25o C), time (24, 48 and 72 hours) and solution (water, PEG, KNO3 and PEG+KNO3). Seeds were washed in running water and dried at 30o C, until the return to the initial moisture content, around 10%. The variables analyzed were percentage of germination, percentage of emergence, speed index of emergence and electrical conductivity. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, according to a factorial arrangement 2x3x4+1 (control - seeds without priming). The results showed that priming improves the vigour of eggplant seeds with no effect on viability; the priming in water or KNO3 is efficient to improve the seed vigour and priming in water or KNO3 may use temperature of 15o C or 25o C for 24, 48 or 72 hours.

Germination and morphological characterization of the fruits, seeds, and seedlings of Pilosocereus gounellei

The present work examined the germination and morphology of the fruits and seeds of the cactus Pilosocereus gounellei (xique-xique) and describeb the different stages of seedling growth. Germination tests examined the effects of combinations of two illumination regimes (a 12 hour photoperiod and total darkness) and three temperature regimes (25, 30, and 20-30 oC) on the seeds of this species. Germination counts were made daily until the 16th day after sowing and the germination percentage and velocity index, and average germination time were evaluated. Descriptions of seed morphology considered both their external and internal aspects. The processes of germination and seedling growth were evaluated during 150 days and eight developmental stages were identified based on morphological changes. The fruits of the xique-xique cactus are 40.67 ± 4.40 mm long and 48.09 ± 3.23 mm in diameter, weigh 53.85 ± 10.03 g, and contain 3713 ± 689.50 seeds. Alternating temperatures of 20-30 oC together with a photoperiod of 12 hours of light resulted in the highest seed germination rate. The seeds are positively photoblastic and germination is epigeal and fanerocotyledonary. Seedling growth is slow, but at 150 days after sowing the plants had developed epicotyls, large numbers of thorns, and the whole plant averaged 59.56 mm in height.

Emergence and development of seedlings of safflower depending on seed size.

O tamanho das sementes pode influenciar a emergencia e o vigor das plântulas. Assim, avaliou-se a emergencia e desenvolvimento de cartamos em funcao do tamanho da semente. A separacao das sementes foi realizada em peneiras de crivo circular de diâmetros de 3,18; 3,57; 3,97 e 4, 36 mm. Fez-se a pesagem das sementes retidas em cada peneira para observacao da proporcao de cada tamanho de semente no lote. Para cada classe de tamanho foi determinado o peso de mil sementes e o teor de agua. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repeticoes, com 30 sementes cada. Foram analisadas as seguintes variaveis: percentual, indice de velocidade, tempo medio de emergencia, altura e materia seca da parte aerea da plântula. As contagens ocorreram diariamente ate o 10o dia apos a semeadura. O teor de agua manteve-se constante e o peso de mil sementes aumentou, proporcionalmente, com o tamanho das sementes. As sementes retidas na peneira de crivo de 3,18 mm de diâmetro apresentam menor proporcao, enquanto as de 3,97 mm apresentam maior representatividade no lote. O tamanho das sementes nao interfere na qualidade fisiologica e vigor das plântulas de cartamos.