Diego Girardi Pegoraro

Combining ability of twelve maize populations

Genetic progress depends on germplasm quality and breeding methods. Twelve maize popu- lations and their crosses were evaluated to estimate combining ability and potential to be included as source populations in breeding programs. Plant height, point of insertion of the first ear, number of ears per plant, number of grains per ear, root and stalk lodging and grain yield were studied in two locations in Brazil, during the 1997/98 season. Genotype sum of squares was divided into general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability. Results indicated the existence of genetic divergence for all traits analyzed, where additive effects were predominant. The high heterosis levels observed, mainly in Xanxere, suggested the environmental influence on the manifestation of this genetic phenomenon. Populations revealed potential to be used in breeding programs; however, those more intensively sub- mitted to selection could provide larger genetic progress, showing the importance of population im- provement for the increment of the heterosis in maize.

Herança da resistência à mancha-foliar de feosféria em milho

Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (PLS) has caused an expressive reduction in the corn grain yield in Brazil. The increment in sowing date amplitude, conjugated with the use of irrigated areas and zero tillage, had major contribution in the increase of phaeosphaeria leaf spot (PLS) incidence and severity. For this reason, it is important to develop resistant genotypes to this disease; however, an efficient selection depends upon the understanding of the genetic variability and inheritance of the resistance. Aiming to determine combining ability and the mode of inheritance for PLS, seven corn inbreds were crossed for diallel and generation mean analysis. The experiments were conducted in Xanxere, SC. Percentage of foliar area affected by the disease was evaluated 30 days after flowering. The genotypes presented amplitude of 4.3% to 67.0% of foliar area affected by PLS. The LA06 and its hybrids showed high level of resistance. Results indicated that selection for PLS resistant genotypes could be success- fully accomplished in corn breeding programs. At least two major independent genes were identified with a preponderant participation of addictive effects in the inheritance of the trait.

Characterization for plant height and flowering date in the biological species oat

4 ABSTRACT - The use of wild oat races in artificial hybridization with cultivated oat ( Avena sativa L.) has been used as a way of increasing the variability. This work aimed to identify the variability for plant height and flowering date of groups of cultivated oat genotypes, wild introductions of A. fatua L. and segregating populations of natural crosses between A. sativa and A. fatua. Wide genetic variability was observed for both traits in the groups and between them. The wild group of A. fatua L. showed high plants with early maturity, but in the segregating group there was reduced plant height and early maturity. The wild introductions of A. fatua L. studied in this work can be used in oat breeding programs to increase genetic variability by transferring specific characters into the cultivated germ plasm.

Caracterização de germoplasma de trigo por meio dos caracteres adaptativos ciclo e estatura

Characterization of wheat germplasm through the cycle and height adaptive characters Abstract n Identification of genetic variability is crucial in any breeding program. The knowledge of genotypes helps the breeder in planning crosses aiming to increase genetic variance. The objective of this study was to identify and cluster useful wheat germplasm through the adaptive characters heading date and plant height. Fifty-three wheat genotypes which revealed a significant decrease of both char- acters in the last years were evaluated. The dendrogram clustered five groups composed mainly of cultivars of the same era of release.

Variabilidade genética para teor de proteína bruta em grãos de aveia

The increased use of oat grains as human food has stimulated plant breeders to select genotypes with high grain quality. This work aimed to identify and characterize genetic variability for total grain protein in cultivated oat and introductions of A. fatua L., A. sterilis L. and hybrid populations from A. sativa L. x A. sterilis L.. The results showed a large genetic variability for the trait in the studied groups. Differences among cultivated oat genotypes may be attributed to different genetic constitution. A. sterilis L. group showed high protein content specially with the introduction of I-325. Genotypes from A. fatua L. showed similar low levels of protein probably because the narrow range of regions sampled in this study. Some hybrids from A. sativa L. x A. sterilis L. showed high protein content and acceptable agronomic traits.

Variabilidade genética para peso de grão e número deespiguetas por panícula em Avena sativa l. e Avena fatua l.

Raising oat grain yield has been one of the main goals of breeding programs. The search for genetic variability in yield components is considered a strategy to increase yield potential. The present study was done aiming to identify genetic variability for morpho-physiological traits (grain weight and number of spikelet /panicle) in cultivated oat genotypes (Avena sativa L.), wild introductions of A. fatua L. and natural hybrid populations of A. sativa L. x A. fatua L. Wide genetic variability was detected among groups and within them for the evaluated traits. Genotypes in the cultivated group (Avena sativa L.) revealed a higher grain weight and low number of spikelet/panicle. A. fatua L. wild introductions showed low grain weight and low number spikelet/panicle. However, some hybrid F2 populations revealed high grain weight and low spikelet number/panicle, being able to be used in the breeding program.

Indução à macho-esterilidade e formação de sementes em genótipos de trigo

The genetic variability is importam for lhe development of new genotypes in breeding programs. This variability is obtained through genetic recombination in plants originated from crosses involving contrating genotypes. However, artificial cresses in wheat is a difficult task because of its selfpolinization. The induction of male-sterility may be na altemative for the production of hybrid seeds. The present work had the following objectives: evaluate the efficiency of the gametocide 2-chloroethilphosphonic (Ethrel) in the induction of maleterility in wheat, estimate the frequency of crosspoilination in wheat genotypes cultivated in the field, and verify the effect of Ethrel in the production o f wheat hybrid seeds in the field. The product was appiied in five wheat varieties in three different doses in the pre-booting development stage, and the variety BR 43 was used as tester to verify the frequency of crossing. The evaluated traits were: percentage of viable pollen, number of grains produced in protected ears, percentage of artificial and natural cross-poilination. The results indicated that the product Ethrel was efficient in the induction of male-sterility in ali tested genotypes; however, the ovules were aiso affected, evidenced by the reduction in the number of seeds produced in piots treated with the gametocide. The doses of 10l/ha and 20l/ha caused accentuated pollen sterility; on the other hand, na increment in the production of hybrid seeds was not observed. As a consequence, it is necessary to adjust the technique of appiication of Ethrel for the production of hybrid seeds in wheat.