Diego Giuliano Destro Christofaro

Cross-sectional association between healthy and unhealthy food habits and leisure physical activity in adolescents

OBJECTIVEnTo analyze associations between two physical activity domains during leisure time and different food habits in adolescents.nnnMETHODSnThe sample comprised 1,630 adolescents (46% male and 54% female). Physical activity level, television (TV) viewing, and eating behaviors were assessed through an interview. According to the results of the assessment, adolescents were classified as physically active or engaged in high amounts of TV viewing and unhealthy/healthy diets.nnnRESULTSnMale adolescents were more active than females (21.7 and 9.4%, respectively; p = 0.001), while TV viewing was more frequent in females (44.0 and 29.2%; p = 0.001). Physical activity level was related to higher consumption of fruits (OR = 1.90; 95%CI 1.39-2.60) and vegetables (OR = 1.48; 95%CI 1.09-2.01), while higher consumption of fried foods (OR = 2.13; 95%CI 1.64-2.77) and snacks (OR = 1.91; 95%CI 1.49-2.45) was associated with TV viewing.nnnCONCLUSIONnThis study presented epidemiological information indicating that active and inactive behaviors were differently and independently associated with healthy and unhealthy diets.

Riscos para o excesso de peso entre adolescentes de diferentes classes socioeconômicas

BACKGROUND: To analyze the association between risk factors and presence of overweight in adolescents from different socioeconomic levels. METHODS: A cross-section analysis with 888 youths recruited from both genders with ages ranging from 11 to 17 years was carried out. The body mass index was calculated through body mass and height values, and was used as the overweight indicator. Physical activity, food intake, and socioeconomic levels (high and low) were obtained by questionnaires. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and binary logistic regression. RESULTS: For adolescents in the lower socioeconomic level, both inadequate food intake (Odds Ratio [OR]= 4.59) and parent overweight (OR= 5.33) were associated to overweight. Among adolescents in the higher socioeconomic level, maternal education (OR= 0.57), study in private school (OR= 3.04), and parent overweight (OR= 3.47) were associated to development of overweight. CONCLUSION: In both socioeconomic levels, parent overweight was an important risk factor associated with overweight. The other risk factors were different among the socioeconomic levels.

Leisure time behaviors: Prevalence, correlates and associations with overweight in Brazilian adults. A cross-sectional analysis

BACKGROUNDnTelevision viewing (TV viewing) is an important indicator of physical inactivity.nnnAIMnTo analyze the prevalence of different leisure time behaviors and TV viewing among healthy adults and their association with overweight.nnnMATERIAL AND METHODSnCross sectional survey in which 1061 females and 925 males aged 30 years old or more, answered a self administered questionnaire about physical activity Respondents were classified according to frequency participation in sports, walking, cycling and TV viewing. Body mass index (BMI) was derived from self reported weight and height.nnnRESULTSnLess than 30% of individuals participated regularly in sports and less than 15 and 5% reported a high frequency of walking and cycling, respectively. Subjects regularly engaged in sports had a lower BMI. After adjustments, low cycling frequency and high TV viewing were associated with overweight in men and women, respectively.nnnCONCLUSIONSnThe prevalence of physical inactivity during leisure time is high among Brazilian adults and associated to obesity.

Fatores familiares associados à obesidade abdominal entre adolescentes

OBJECTIVES: to investigate the association between family risk factors and abdominal obesity in adolescents. METHODS: the sample comprised 691 young people of both sexes (aged between 11 and 17 years), residing in the municipality of Presidente Prudente, in the State of Sao Paulo, in 2007. Identification of abdominal obesity was based on the waist circumference and family risk factors (level of schooling and overweight in the parents, socio-economic conditions, number of siblings and number of televisions in the household). These variables were collected using questionnaires. Statistical analysis involved application of the chi-squared test and logistic regression (odds ratio [OR] and confidence interval [CI95%]). RESULTS: the prevalence of abdominal obesity was 14.8% in the study sample and there was no difference between males and females (male: 17.7% and female: 12.9%; p=0.111). Abdominal obesity was associated with the private school sector (3.75 [1.27-11.00]), an overweight/obese mother (3.82 [1.14-12.73]) and both parents being overweight/obese (6.21 [2.07-18.63]). CONCLUSIONS: the findings of this study suggest that studying in a private school and overweight parents are the main risk factors associated with abdominal obesity in adolescents.

Performance of body fat and body mass index cutoffs in elevated blood pressure screening among male children and adolescents

For percentage of body fat (%BF), there are no internationally accepted cutoffs. The primary function of body fat cutoffs should be to identify not only excessive body fatness, but also the increased risk of unhealthy outcomes, such as hypertension. The purpose of this study was to analyze the accuracy of different %BF and body mass index (BMI) cutoffs as screening measures for EBP in pediatric populations. It was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 358 male subjects from 8 to 18 years old. BP was measured by the oscilometric method, and body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The accuracy of three reference tables used for body fat cutoffs was assessed. The three body fat reference tables were highly specific, but insensitive, for elevated BP screening. For elevated BP screening, all body fat cutoffs presented similar sensitivity (range=48.3–53.7%) and specificity (range=79.2–84.1%). The body fat cutoffs performed no better than BMI in screening of children and adolescents at risk of elevated BP (EBP). BMI seems a more attractive tool for this function, as it performed similarly and can be applied in large surveys and with lower costs.

Risk factors associated with overweight among adolescents from Western São Paulo state

The objective of this study was to analyze the association between being overweight and family risk factors in adolescents from Western Sao Paulo state. This cross-sectional study involved 1779 adolescents of both genders and with ages ranging between 11 and 17 years. The participants body mass index was calculated, and the family risk factors were analyzed through a questionnaire. Excessive weight was associated with the male gender (CR = 1.55 [1.22-1.97]), studying in a private school (CR = 2.14 [1.56-2.94]) and mothers higher education (CR = 0.52 [0.33-0.83]). There is a need to implement initiatives to fight obesity in the school environment and reach the whole family structure, taking gender-related specificities into consideration.The objective of this study was to analyze the association between being overweight and family risk factors in adolescents from Western Sao Paulo state. This cross-sectional study involved 1779 adolescents of both genders and with ages ranging between 11 and 17 years. The participants body mass index was calculated, and the family risk factors were analyzed through a questionnaire. Excessive weight was associated with the male gender (CR=1.55 [1.22-1.97]), studying in a private school (CR=2.14 [1.56-2.94]) and mothers higher education (CR=0.52 [0.33-0.83]). There is a need to implement initiatives to fight obesity in the school environment and reach the whole family structure, taking gender-related specificities into consideration.

Application of Heart Rate Variability in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review.

The use of heart rate variability as a tool capable of discriminating individuals with diabetes mellitus is still little explored, as its use has been limited to comparing those with and without the disease. Thus, the purpose of this study was to verify the use of heart rate variability as a tool for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation in person with diabetes and to identify whether there are cutoff points generated from the use of this tool in these individuals.

Sensitivity, Specificity and Predictive Value of Heart Rate Variability Indices in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Background Heart rate variability (HRV) indices may detect autonomic changes with good diagnostic accuracy. Type diabetes mellitus (DM) individuals may have changes in autonomic modulation; however, studies of this nature in this population are still scarce. Objective To compare HRV indices between and assess their prognostic value by measurements of sensitivity, specificity and predictive values in young individuals with type 1 DM and healthy volunteers. Methods In this cross-sectional study, physical and clinical assessment was performed in 39 young patients with type 1 DM and 43 young healthy controls. For HRV analysis, beat-to-beat heart rate variability was measured in dorsal decubitus, using a Polar S810i heart rate monitor, for 30 minutes. The following indices were calculated: SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50, TINN, RRTri, LF ms2, HF ms2, LF un, HF un, LF/HF, SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2, and ApEn. Results Type 1 DM subjects showed a decrease in sympathetic and parasympathetic activities, and overall variability of autonomic nervous system. The RMSSD, SDNN, PNN50, LF ms2, HF ms2, RRTri, SD1 and SD2 indices showed greater diagnostic accuracy in discriminating diabetic from healthy individuals. Conclusion Type 1 DM individuals have changes in autonomic modulation. The SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50, RRtri, LF ms2, HF ms2, SD1 and SD2 indices may be alternative tools to discriminate individuals with type 1 DM.

High blood pressure and abdominal obesity in adolescents

Objective: To analyze the association between abdominal obesity and high blood pressure among adolescents of public schools from Londrina (PR), Brazil. Methods: The sample was composed by 656 adolescents with age ranging from ten to 13 years old. The following measures were taken: body mass, height, waist circumfer- ence and blood pressure at rest. Mann-Whitney and Stu- dents t-test were used to compare and analyze numerical variables. The chi-square test analyzed the association between blood pressure and waist circumference. Results: Association between abdominal obesity and high blood pressure was present in both genders (PR 2.7; 95%CI 1.8-4.2). Abdominal obesity was associated with higher blood pressure independently of age. Conclusions: Abdominal obesity was associated to high blood pressure in adolescents.OBJETIVO: Analisar a associacao entre obesidade abdominal e pressao arterial elevada em adolescentes da rede publica de ensino da regiao metropolitana da cidade de Londrina (PR). METODOS: Constituiu-se uma amostra de 656 adolescentes com idades entre dez e 13 anos. Foram realizadas analises antropometricas de massa corporal, estatura e circunferencia de cintura, alem da afericao da pressao arterial de repouso. Para analise e comparacao dos dados, foram aplicados Mann-Whitney e o teste t de Student. Tambem foram analisadas as possiveis associacoes entre pressao arterial e circunferencia de cintura por meio do teste do qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas associacoes entre obesidade abdominal e pressao arterial elevada em ambos os sexos (RP 2,7; IC95% 1,8-4,2). Alem disso, verificou-se que, independentemente do grupo etario, a obesidade abdominal associa-se com valores mais elevados de pressao arterial. CONCLUSOES: A obesidade abdominal esta associada a ocorrencia de aumento da pressao arterial em adolescentes.

Pressão arterial elevada e obesidade abdominal em adolescentes

Objective: To analyze the association between abdominal obesity and high blood pressure among adolescents of public schools from Londrina (PR), Brazil. Methods: The sample was composed by 656 adolescents with age ranging from ten to 13 years old. The following measures were taken: body mass, height, waist circumfer- ence and blood pressure at rest. Mann-Whitney and Stu- dents t-test were used to compare and analyze numerical variables. The chi-square test analyzed the association between blood pressure and waist circumference. Results: Association between abdominal obesity and high blood pressure was present in both genders (PR 2.7; 95%CI 1.8-4.2). Abdominal obesity was associated with higher blood pressure independently of age. Conclusions: Abdominal obesity was associated to high blood pressure in adolescents.OBJETIVO: Analisar a associacao entre obesidade abdominal e pressao arterial elevada em adolescentes da rede publica de ensino da regiao metropolitana da cidade de Londrina (PR). METODOS: Constituiu-se uma amostra de 656 adolescentes com idades entre dez e 13 anos. Foram realizadas analises antropometricas de massa corporal, estatura e circunferencia de cintura, alem da afericao da pressao arterial de repouso. Para analise e comparacao dos dados, foram aplicados Mann-Whitney e o teste t de Student. Tambem foram analisadas as possiveis associacoes entre pressao arterial e circunferencia de cintura por meio do teste do qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas associacoes entre obesidade abdominal e pressao arterial elevada em ambos os sexos (RP 2,7; IC95% 1,8-4,2). Alem disso, verificou-se que, independentemente do grupo etario, a obesidade abdominal associa-se com valores mais elevados de pressao arterial. CONCLUSOES: A obesidade abdominal esta associada a ocorrencia de aumento da pressao arterial em adolescentes.