Djauhar Ismail

A Medication Diary-Book for Pediatric Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Indonesia

Event‐free survival of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia was low (20%). The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using a medication diary‐book on the treatment outcome of childhood ALL.

Perceived Parental Monitoring on Adolescence Premarital Sexual Behavior in Pontianak City, Indonesia

Peer review article Perceived Parental Monitoring on Adolescence Premarital Sexual Behavior in Pontianak City, Indonesia by Dr. Linda Suwarni, SKM., M.Kes

Pengaruh Asfiksia terhadap Ukuran Kepala Anak Usia 6 Bulan - 2 Tahun di Rumah Sakit Umum Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat

Background: In developing countries is estimated at about 120 million babies born asphyxiated at birth. Among these who can survive 20% to 30% had mental disorder, cerebral palsy or developmental abnormality due to the small size of head circumference (microcephaly). Objective: To determine the effect of asphyxia on the head circumference size of children age 6 months - 2 years. Method: A matched case-control study design was conducted from May – June 2014. The population of the study was all children age 6 months - 2 years who visited the Growth development clinic of General Hospital of West Nusa Tenggara Province. The cases were children who have microcephaly and the controls were children with normocephaly. From sample size which was calculated by hypothesis testing two populations proportions are obtained a sample of 72 respondents with 36 cases and 36 controls. Bivariate analysis used chi-square (χ2) McNemar and multivariable analysis with logistic regression (conditional logistic regression) with a significance level of p <0.05 and 95% confidence intervals. Result and Discussion: Microcephaly was present in 83 % of the children with asphyxia, compared with 36 % of the controls. The children with asphyxia tent to have microcephaly compared to children without asphyxia (OR = 5,00; 95% CI: 1,36-18,32). Results of multivariable analysis showed that there was a statistically significant effect between asphyxia with head circumference size by controlling the low birth weight variable (OR = 5,00; 95% CI: 1,36-18,32). Conclusion: History of asphyxia increases the risk of microcephaly compared with non-asphyxia in children aged 6 months - 2 years. Keywords: asphyxia, head circumference, children aged 6 months-2 years

Declining age at menarche in Indonesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background There has been much research on the average age at menarche onset. In higher income countries the lowering in average age at menarche is earlier than in middle-income countries and lower income countries. Indonesia as a middle-income country also has some research experience related to the average age at menarche for girls. Objectives This study aimed to review the lowering of the average age at menarche in Indonesia and to predict changes in average age at menarche. Methods This study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis using references from Google Scholar, PubMed and Popline databases on the trend of age at menarche in Indonesia and other data sources from local and national survey reports. Metaprop command in STATA was used to do the meta-analysis of proportion of early age at menarche and time series with auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were used in analyzing the trend and predicting the age at menarche. Results The results show that in Indonesia the timing of age at menarche onset has significantly lowered during the 40 years before 2010. There was meaningful decrease of age at menarche, which changed from 14.43 years [confident interval (CI) 95%: 14.42, 14.44] to 13.63 years (CI95%: 13.63, 13.64). Using the ARIMA model, mean age at menarche onset for the next year predicted that the coefficient regression would be −0.0245 (CI95%: −0.0275, −0.0215). The predicted average age at menarche shows a decrease of 0.0245 years (8–9 days) each year. Conclusion The findings indicate a significant lowering of age at menarche in Indonesian girls that has continued as a predictable trend through time until the present, paralleling recent socioeconomic changes. These predictions provide key indicators of a girl’s future healthy transition from childhood into young adulthood.

Dampak Stimulasi Kognitif Disertai Pemberian Garam Beriodium Tiga Bulan terhadap Kecukupan Iodium, Kualitas Lingkungan Pengasuhan dan Perkembangan Kognitif Balita di Daerah Endemik GAKI

ABSTRACT International Child Development Steering Group stated that inadequate cognitive stimulation and IDD were two of four risk factors of child developmental failure in developing countries. There were no research found on the impact of cognitive stimulation combined with iodine intervention on child development status. The aim of this study is measuring the effect of parenting based cognitive stimulation combined with low dose salt intervention (30 ± 5 ppm) on child iodine status, home quality of care, and child cognitive development. This was a quasi experimental research, pre test post test with controlled group design, conducted in Pituruh, Purworejo district. The subjects was 76 children 4-5 years old with his mother. Home quality of care data taken with HOME questionnaire, iodine intake indicator taken with Urinary Iodine Excretion, and child cognitive development measured with WPPSI (Weschler Primary and Preschool Scale of Intelligent). Intervention was done in three months.There was no difference on UIE level between intervention and control group before and after the intervention (p>0.05), with the UIE mean in the level of above requirement (254 μg ± 130 μg/L). There was no significant difference in prevalence of insufficient and excessive iodine status before and after the intervention. Result of the analysis on quality of care showed that intervention group showed higher score in home quality of care in the aspects of language stimulation (p 0.05). Three months low dose iodized salt intervention (30 ± 5 ppm) had not changed iodine intake status in under five years old children. Parenting based cognitive stimulation enhanced the aspects in maternal quality of care related to quality of home stimulation relevance with child non verbal cognitive development. It was suggested to optimized maternal parenting quality to enhance child cognitive development in IDD areas. Future research should extend the time of intervention to evaluate the impact of the intervention on child verbal cognitive development, iodine intake and also thyroid status. Keywords : cognitive stimulation, iodized salt, iodine status, cognitive development, under five years children. ABSTRAK International Child Development Steering Group menyebutkan stimulasi kognitif tidak memadai dan GAKI sebagai dua dari empat faktor risiko utama kegagalan perkembangan anak di negara berkembang. Belum diketahui dampak kombinasi intervensi gizi iodium dan stimulasi perkembangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak stimulasi kognitif berbasis pengasuhan disertai intervensi garam beriodium 30 ± 5 ppm terhadap peningkatan status iodium, kualitas lingkungan pengasuhan, dan perkembangan kognitif anak. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Pituruh, Kabupaten Purworejo terhadap 76 anak 4-5 tahun beserta ibunya. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kuasi eksperimental pre test post test with control group design . Pengambilan data kualitas lingkungan pengasuhan dengan HOME, kecukupan iodium dengan EIU, dan kemampuan kognitif anak diukur dengan WPPSI ( Weschler Primary and Preschool Scale of Intelligent ). Intervensi dilakukan selama 3 bulan. Tidak ada perbedaan tingkat EIU kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol sebelum dan sesudah intervensi (p>0.05), dengan rerata EIU lebih (254 μg ± 130 μg/L). Perubahan proporsi status defisien dan ekses iodium belum menunjukkan perubahan signifikan. Hasil analisis kelompok intervensi menunjukkan skor lebih tinggi dalam kualitas lingkungan pengasuhan pada aspek: stimulasi bahasa (p 0.05). Intervensi garam beriodium 30 ± 5 ppm tiga bulan belum mengubah status kecukupan iodium balita. Stimulasi kognitif pengasuhan meningkatkan aspek-aspek kualitas pengasuhan ibu yang relevan dengan peningkatan kemampuan kognitif anak. Disarankan untuk mengoptimalkan program peningkatan kualitas pengasuhan sebagai daya ungkit kemampuan kognitif anak di daerah endemik GAKI, memperpanjang waktu intervensi untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh intervensi pada kemampuan kognitif verbal dan status iodium anak dengan mengukur indikator kadar hormon tiroid. Kata kunci : stimulasi kognitif, HOME, garam beriodium, balita, kemampuan kognitif.