Emy Huriyati

Gene-lifestyle interaction: The role of SNPs in UCP2 -866G/A and UCP3 -55C/T on dietary intake and physical activity in Indonesian obese female adolescents

BACKGROUND: Obesity is linked to high dietary intake and low physical activity. Studies showed that those factors were not only regulated by environment but also regulated by genetic variations. However, the relationship has less been understood in obese children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the role of SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in uncoupling protein (UCP) 2 -866G/A and UCP3 -55C/T on dietary intake and physical activity in obese female adolescents. METHODS: This is an observational study with cross sectional design. Respondents were obese female adolescents enrolled from obesity screening done in six junior high schools in Yogyakarta. RESULTS: Seventy eight obese female adolescents joined this study. From 2 SNPs that have been analysed, we found that SNPs in UCP2 was associated with dietary intake and physical activity (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02, respectively). Interestingly, subjects with combination of UCP2 -866GG and UCP3 -55CC had slightly higher percent fat to total energy intake compared to those with UCP2 -866AA and UCP3 -55TT (mean difference = –3.8 ± 1.9; p = 0.059). CONCLUSION: We concluded that SNPs on UCP2 was related to dietary intake and physical activity in Indonesian obese female adolescents.

Effect of FTO rs9939609 variant on insulin resistance in obese female adolescents

ObjectivesFTO rs9939609 variant has been shown to be associated with insulin resistance in Caucasian children. However, studies in Asia show inconsistent findings. We investigated the association between FTO rs9939609 polymorphisms and insulin resistance in obese female adolescents in Indonesia, a genetically distinct group within Asia.ResultsA total of 78 obese female adolescents participated in this study. The risk allele (A) frequency of FTO rs9939609 variant in Indonesian obese female adolescence was 44.2%. The frequency of insulin resistance was higher in the subjects with AA (54.6%) or AT (59.6%) than the subject with TT genotype (50%), but did not statistically different (p = 0.81 and p = 0.47, respectively). The insulin resistance rate was also higher in the risk allele (A) than the non-risk allele (T) subjects (0.58 vs. 0.55), but did not statistically different (p = 0.75). There was no association between FTO rs9939609 variant and body mass index, fasting glucose level, fasting insulin level, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and waist circumference (p > 0.05). In conclusion, FTO rs9939609 variant may not be associated with insulin resistance in Indonesian obese female adolescents. A multicenter study with a larger sample size is needed to clarify these findings.

The Effect of Combined Aerobic and Strength Training on a Weight Loss and Metabolic Profile: Development of an Effective Lifestyle-based Weight Loss Program

The aim of this study was to develop a new exercise regime with a mixture of aerobic and strength training combined with a low-calorie diet (1200 kcal/d) and to evaluate its health benefit in overweight/obese individuals. In 8 weeks of study, participants were divided into 2 groups: a low-calorie diet alone and a low-calorie diet with exercise regimen. The low-calorie diet combined with aerobic and strength training had a superior effect on weight loss and improved body composition (but not on glucose and lipid profile compared with low-calorie diet alone).

The Gene-Lifestyle Interaction on Leptin Sensitivity and Lipid Metabolism in Adults: A Population Based Study

Background: Obesity has been associated with leptin resistance and this might be caused by genetic factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the gene-lifestyle interaction between −866G/A UCP2 (uncoupling protein 2) gene polymorphism, dietary intake and leptin in a population based study. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted in adults living at urban area of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data of adiposity, lifestyle, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, leptin and UCP2 gene polymorphism were obtained in 380 men and female adults. Results: UCP2 gene polymorphism was not significantly associated with adiposity, leptin, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, dietary intake and physical activity (all p > 0.05). Leptin was lower in overweight subjects with AA + GA genotypes than those with GG genotype counterparts (p = 0.029). In subjects with AA + GA genotypes there was a negative correlation between leptin concentration (r = −0.324; p < 0.0001) and total energy intake and this correlation was not seen in GG genotype (r = −0.111; p = 0.188). Conclusions: In summary, we showed how genetic variation in −866G/A UCP2 affected individual response to leptin production. AA + GA genotype had a better leptin sensitivity shown by its response in dietary intake and body mass index (BMI) and this explained the protective effect of A allele to obesity.

Sexual dimorphism in interleukin 17A and adipocytokines and their association with insulin resistance among obese adolescents in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 17A (IL-17), leptin, and adiponectin have been associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Moreover, differences in sex and ethnicity as well as plasma concentration of adipocytokines and cytokines have been associated with the risk of insulin resistance. This study was conducted to elucidate whether sex differences exist in the risk of insulin resistance in Indonesian adolescents and to determine how plasma leptin, adiponectin, and IL-17 predict insulin resistance. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN The study participants were 69 obese-overweight boys, 53 obese-overweight girls, 59 non-obese boys, and 50 non-obese girls aged 15-18 years. Insulin resistance was determined using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index. Plasma IL-17, leptin, and adiponectin were measured using ELISA. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and linear regression analysis. Odd ratios [ORs; 95% confidence intervals (CIs)] were analysed to estimate the risk of insulin resistance; the significance level was set at 95%. RESULT The OR (95% CI) for insulin resistance was higher in obese-overweight boys than in obese-overweight girls. The plasma IL-17 was higher in boys, whereas plasma adiponectin and leptin were significantly higher in girls. In all participants, obesity status and plasma leptin were the most efficient predictors of insulin resistance, whereas the IL-17 could not significantly predict insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Sexual dimorphism exists in IL17 as well as leptin and adiponectin in adolescents. Plasma IL-17 cannot be used to predict insulin resistance in adolescents of both sex.

Sleep and physical activity pattern of obese children

Obesity has become worldwide pandemic. Studies indicated that the pandemic was associated with change in food consumption and physical activity pattern. Studies in adults showed that obese individuals had shorter sleeps. The aim of this study is to compare sleep pattern of normal, overweight and obese children in association with their overall daily physical activity pattern. This is a cross sectional study comparing the activity pattern of normal, overweight and obese children. 136 Obese, 118 overweight and 125 normal weight children (49.6% girls) were sampled from screening of obesity in 25 elementary schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia in 2005. Children were classified as normal, overweight or obese using WHO 2007 reference standard. Information on daily activities was obtained by 7 non-consecutive 24-hours activity recalls. They were between 6.9 to 13.5 years old, mean(SD) 10.6 (1.1) years. Normal weight children slept longer, mean(SD) 9.4(1.0) hours than overweight children, mean(SD) 8.3(1.5) hours, mean difference (95% CI) of 1.1 (0.8-1.4) hours, p<0.001. Likewise, normal weight children slept longer than obese children, mean(SD) 8.2(1.2) hours, mean difference (95% CI) of 1.2(1.0-1.5) hours. Overweight and obese children were more likely to sleep less than 8 hours/ day; OR (95%CI) of 9.7(3.9-23.9), p<0.001 and 12.1(5.0-24.5), p<0.001, respectively. There were no significance differences in screen-time, over-all sitting and doing moderate or vigorous activities between normal weight, overweight and obese children. However, there was negative correlation between screen-time and sleeping time, r=-0.11, p=0.03 and weak positive correlation between time spent doing moderate and vigorous activities and sleeping time, r=0.12, p=0.03. Overweight and obese children slept shorter than normal weight children. Sleeping time is inversely related to screen time and positively associated with moderate and vigorous activities.

Magnesium intake and insulin resistance in obese adolescent girls

Background The worldwide increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood is related to obesity in children and adolescents. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia observed in obese individuals are the precursors of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Magnesium, through its action on insulin receptors, is proposed to be an important factor in preventing insulin resistance. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the association between magnesium intake and insulin resistance in obese adolescent girls. Methods This was a cross-sectional study on obese adolescent girls in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Insulin resistance was defined as a HOMA-IR index of3.16 or more. HOMA-IR was calculated using fasting insulin and plasma glucose levels. Magnesium intake and energy adjusted magnesium intake were measured using a 24-hour food recall method on 6 non-consecutive days. Results Of 7 8 obese adolescent girls included in our study, 56% of them were found to be insulin resistant. Magnesium intake was only 61 o/o of the recommended daily requirement for adolescent girls. There were no significant associations between magnesium intake and either HOMA-IR or hyperinsulinemia. Conclusion Our study does not find an association between insulin resistance and magnesium intake in obese adolescent girls.