Djeimi Isabel Janisch

Produção e qualidade do morangueiro em sistemas fechados de cultivo sem solo com emprego de substratos

The objective of the research was to determine fruit production and quality of strawberry plants grown in three different closed soilless systems and two substrates. The experiment was conducted in a screenhouse at Department of Fitotecnia, UFSM, from April to November, 2006. The soilless growing systems were plastic bags, plastic troughs and growing beds, and the substrates were sand and the organic substrate Plantmax PXT®. A 3 x 2 factorial experimental design was used, with four replications. Drip fertigation was used in the plastic bags and sub-irrigation in the other two systems. A standard complete nutrient solution was used without any disposal of it during the experiment. Ripe fruits were harvested and production, firmness, acidity and soluble solids were determined. A significant interaction among substrates and systems was observed. In sand, a mean fruit production of 1017,4g plants-1 was obtained in plastic troughs, which was 8.13% e 8.33% higher than in plastic bags and growing beds, respectively. In the organic substrate, the higher fruit production was 1196,5g plants-1 in growing beds. It was 10.9% and 29.33% higher than that in plastic bags and plastic troughs, respectively. It was concluded that strawberry soilless production might be done without any disposal of nutrient solution during the cropping period. Fruit production was affected by both the growing system and the substrate, without any effect on fruit quality.

Concentração da solução nutritiva no crescimento da planta, na produtividade e na qualidade de frutas do morangueiro

The objective of the research was to determine the effect of nutrient solution concentration on plant growth, fruit yield and quality of the strawberry crop grown in a closed hydroponic growing system. Treatments were five nutrient solutions at electrical conductivities (EC) of 0.9; 1.8; 2.5; 3.2 and 3.8dS m-1, in a randomised experimental design with three replications. Fruit yield and quality during the harvest period and shoot and root growth at the end of the experiment were determined. Fruit yield, fruit size and plant growth were reduced by increasing nutrient solution concentration, whereas titratable acidity and total soluble solids were increased. The EC of 0.9dS m-1 reduces plant growth and maximizes fruit yield of the strawberry crop in the closed soilless growing system.

Closed soilless growing system for producing strawberry bare root transplants and runner tips

The objective of this work was to test a closed soilless growing system for producing bare root transplants and runner tips of two strawberry clones, using two categories of substrates. The system used corrugated roofing panels of fiber‑cement, over which a substrate layer was used as a growing bed. The nutrient solution was pumped from a reservoir toward the upper end of the roofing panels and drained back to a reservoir. Plant growth and development were determined for two advanced strawberry clones, grown in sand or in Plantmax organic substrate. Growth of the stock plants and the number and dry mass of bare root transplants were similar in the substrates, but bare roots differed in their crown diameters by substrate. For number of runner tips, no significant differences were found in total, small, and medium categories in the substrates. A mean production of about 590 runner tips per square meter and 145 bare root transplants per square meter was obtained. For both clones, a large number of bare root transplants and runner tips of adequate size were produced in the closed soilless growing system using sand or organic substrate.

Doses de potássio e cálcio no crescimento da planta, na produção e na qualidade de frutas do morangueiro em cultivo sem solo

In order to evaluate the effect of potassium doses supplied by fertigation and of calcium by foliar spray on plant growth, fruit yield and quality of soilless grown strawberries, plants were supplied with nutrient solutions at K+ concentrations of 9 (T1); 6 (T2, control) and 4.28mmol L-1 (T3) and with the control nutrient solution (T2) supplemented once a week by spraying CaCl2 on shoot at concentrations of 2.5 (T4) and 5g L- 1 (T5). Plant growth was lower in the higher potassium concentration (T1) and the highest LAI was recorded in the higher CaCl2 dose (T5). Fruit yield was higher in T2 and T3, the titratable acidity (TA) was higher in T1, while total soluble solids (TSS) and the ratio TTS/TA did not differ among treatments. It was concluded that high potasium concentration in the nutrient solution reduces plant growth, fruit yield and quality and that calcium supplied on shoot by CaCl2 reduces fruit production.

Avaliação de genótipos de morangueiro quanto à qualidade e potencial de armazenamento

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of strawberry cultivars and clones, and their potential for storage under refrigeration. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replicates of approximately 150 g each. The treatments consisted in the evaluation of three cultivars and four clones, namely: LBH 15.1 Araza, SGH 140.3 Guenoa, LBF 236.3 Yvapita, LBG 121.4, LBK 16.1, LBK 35.1 and LBK 28.1. Evaluations were made at harvest and after ten days of storage at -0.5oC, plus two days at 20oC. The parameters evaluated were firmness, acidity, soluble solids, TSS/ TTA ratio, ascorbic acid, presence of rotting and weight loss. In terms of quality, cv. Guenoa presented low acidity and high TSS e ascorbic acid, high TSS/TTA ratio and also showed better conservation, presenting low incidence of decay during storage. The cultivar LBF 236.3 Yvapita and the clone LBK 28.1 showed the lowest vitamin C content and TSS/TTA ratio, which compromises its quality. The quick reduction of firmness and increased susceptibility to decay presented by LBF236.3 Yvapita and LBK 28.1 show a low potential for conservation under refrigeration. Cultivars and clones that had higher quality at harvest, also showed better post-harvest conservation.

Nitrogen for growth of stock plants and production of strawberry runner tips

The objective of this research was to determine growth and dry matter partitioning among organs of strawberry stock plants under five Nitrogen concentrations in the nutrient solution and its effects on emission and growth of runner tips. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, from September 2010 to March 2011, in a soilless system with Oso Grande and Camino Real cultivars. Nitrogen concentrations of 5.12, 7.6, 10.12 (control), 12.62 and 15.12 mmol L-1 in the nutrient solution were studied in a 5x2 factorial randomised experimental design. All runner tips bearing at least one expanded leaf (patent requested) were collected weekly and counted during the growth period. The number of leaves, dry matter (DM) of leaves, crown and root, specific leaf area and leaf area index (LAI) was determined at the final harvest. Increasing N concentration in the nutrient solution from 5.12 to 15.12 mmol L-1 reduces growth of crown, roots and LAI of strawberry stock plants but did not affect emission and growth of runner tips. It was concluded that for the commercial production of plug plants the optimal nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution should be 5.12 mmol L-1.

Nitrogen levels in the cultivation of strawberries in soilless culture

No cultivo sem solo do morangueiro, a concentracao de nitrogenio da solucao nutritiva afeta o crescimento da planta, a produtividade e a qualidade das frutas. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o efeito da concentracao de nitrogenio da solucao nutritiva no crescimento e desenvolvimento da planta e producao de frutas do morangueiro. Os tratamentos foram constituidos por cinco concentracoes de N na solucao nutritiva: 6,5 (T1), 8,0 (T2), 9,5 (T3), 11,0 (T4) e 12,5 (T5) mmol L-1, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repeticoes. Foi determinada a producao de frutas no periodo entre 6 de junho e 27 de novembro de 2009, o numero de folhas e a massa seca da parte aerea, coroas e raizes na ultima data. O numero de folhas, a massa seca da parte aerea e das raizes e o diâmetro da coroa diminuiram com o aumento da concentracao de N na solucao nutritiva. A producao e o tamanho das frutas apresentaram resposta polinomial, com ponto de maxima na concentracao de 8.9 mmol L-1. Concluiu-se que a concentracao de N atualmente empregada na producao dessa cultura em sistemas fora do solo pode ser reduzida para 8.9 mmol L-1, sem reducao na produtividade de frutas.

Fruit yield of strawberry stock plants after runner tip production by different cultivars

ABSTRACT The main objective of this research was to determine fruit yield of strawberry ( Fragaria x ananassa ) stock plants in a cropping system after producing runner tips and plug plants. Micropropagated stock plants were planted in a soilless growing system. Runner tips bearing at least one visible root nodule were harvested at 43, 66 and 87 days after planting, rooted and planted as multiplied stock plants for producing plug plants. Treatments consisted of micropropagated stock plants of cultivars INIA Araza, INIA Guenoa and INIA Yvapita, planted on October 1 st , 2008 (T1); multiplied stock plants planted on November 28 th (T2) and on December 21 st , 2008 (T3), and on January, 10 th , 2009 (T4). On May 22 nd , 2009, stock plants were defoliated and plug plants of the same cultivars were planted as control for fruit production. Early fruit yield and number of fruits were higher on stock plants, but fresh fruit yield was higher on control plants. Total fruit yield and number were higher on stock plants of ‘INIA Araza’ and ‘INIA Guenoa’. We concluded that strawberry stock plants reach higher early and total fresh fruit yield than plug transplants in the second cropping year after producing runner tips in a soilless growing system. Therefore, plants should not be discarded after the production of runner tips.

Cultivo sem solo do morangueiro com três métodos de fertirrigação

This research aimed to compare growth and fruit yield of strawberry plants grown in a closed substrate soilless system under three fertigation methods. The experiment was carried out at the Fitotecnia Department of the Federal University of Santa Maria, between May 14th and November 16th, 2007, in a bifactorial 3 x 2 randomised split plot experimental design and three replications. The main plots were the three fertigation methods and the split plots were the clones LBD 15.1 and LBG 168.1. The growing bed was the organic substrate Plantmax PXT®. The control (T1) was a complete nutrient solution. In T2, absorbed quantities of P, K, Ca and Mg were estimated and added in the substrate before planting. Nitrogen was supplied by fertigation during the cropping period. In T3, quantities of nutrients estimated for T2 were split in fortnight doses and delivered by fertigation using the same fertilizers employed in the complete nutrient solution. Fruit number and yield during the cropping period and vegetative dry matter at the end of the experiment were determined. Early and total fruit yield were lower in T2. It was concluded that for both clones, the fertigation using a complete nutrient solution can reach similar fruit yield as well as the supplying nutrients in fortnight doses, with a reduction in the consumption of fertilizers.

Nitrogen accumulation and monitoring by strawberry stock plants for runner tips production

The composition and concentration of the nutrient solution can affect growth of strawberry stock plants and runner tips production. The aim of this research was to determine runner tips production and nitrogen (N) accumulation by strawberry stock plants grown under five N concentrations in the nutrient solution and its relationships with chlorophyll meter readings. From September 2010 to March 2011, strawberry stock plants of cultivar Oso Grande and Camino Real were grown on sand polyethylene bags. Nitrogen was supplied by nutrient solutions at concentrations of 5.12 (C1), 7.6 (C2), 10.12 (C3), 12.62 (C4) and 15.12 (C5) mmol L-1. Runner tips bearing at least one expanded leaf were collected weekly and counted. The chlorophyll index (ICF) was measured fortnightly using a digital chlorophyll meter on the last second full expanded leaf of stock plant. A polynomial relationship was adjusted between the chlorophyll index and the N concentration in leaflets, which can be used for monitoring the N status of this crop. Leaflets and petioles are the organs of the strawberry stock plants with the higher N accumulation and runner tips production is not affected by N concentrations of the nutrient solution in the range of 5.12 to 15.12 mmol L-1.