Marcos André Braz Vaz

Produção e qualidade do morangueiro em sistemas fechados de cultivo sem solo com emprego de substratos

The objective of the research was to determine fruit production and quality of strawberry plants grown in three different closed soilless systems and two substrates. The experiment was conducted in a screenhouse at Department of Fitotecnia, UFSM, from April to November, 2006. The soilless growing systems were plastic bags, plastic troughs and growing beds, and the substrates were sand and the organic substrate Plantmax PXT®. A 3 x 2 factorial experimental design was used, with four replications. Drip fertigation was used in the plastic bags and sub-irrigation in the other two systems. A standard complete nutrient solution was used without any disposal of it during the experiment. Ripe fruits were harvested and production, firmness, acidity and soluble solids were determined. A significant interaction among substrates and systems was observed. In sand, a mean fruit production of 1017,4g plants-1 was obtained in plastic troughs, which was 8.13% e 8.33% higher than in plastic bags and growing beds, respectively. In the organic substrate, the higher fruit production was 1196,5g plants-1 in growing beds. It was 10.9% and 29.33% higher than that in plastic bags and plastic troughs, respectively. It was concluded that strawberry soilless production might be done without any disposal of nutrient solution during the cropping period. Fruit production was affected by both the growing system and the substrate, without any effect on fruit quality.

Concentração da solução nutritiva no crescimento da planta, na produtividade e na qualidade de frutas do morangueiro

The objective of the research was to determine the effect of nutrient solution concentration on plant growth, fruit yield and quality of the strawberry crop grown in a closed hydroponic growing system. Treatments were five nutrient solutions at electrical conductivities (EC) of 0.9; 1.8; 2.5; 3.2 and 3.8dS m-1, in a randomised experimental design with three replications. Fruit yield and quality during the harvest period and shoot and root growth at the end of the experiment were determined. Fruit yield, fruit size and plant growth were reduced by increasing nutrient solution concentration, whereas titratable acidity and total soluble solids were increased. The EC of 0.9dS m-1 reduces plant growth and maximizes fruit yield of the strawberry crop in the closed soilless growing system.

Dispersion of the soybean root rot by Cycloneda sanguinea (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

The dispersion of pathogenic microorganisms consists of the transport of pathogens from their source to inoculate a new host. Agricultural and economic importance of the Soybean root rot justifies studying this disease, especially the role of insects as dispersers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the ladybird beetle, Cycloneda sanguinea Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the dispersion of pathogens that cause Soybean root rot. Three pathogen species, Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) (Sphaeropsidales: Botryosphaeriaceae), Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC), and F. commune (Skovgaard) O’Donnell & Nirenberg were isolated from the midgut of ladybird beetles and cultured. Macrophomina phaseolina was identified by morphology while for the other two species, DNA was sequenced. The DNA extracted was amplified in the Internal Transcriber Spacer (ITS) region, sequenced and compared to voucher sequences deposited in the GenBank. Sequences of nucleotide ITS1-5.8 S were identified in the regions of rDNA-ITS4 ribosomal DNA. This is the first report of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) (Sphaeropsidales: Botryosphaeriaceae), Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC), and F. commune (Skovgaard) O’Donnell & Nirenberg, being dispersed by C. sanguinea in Brazilian soybean fields.

Qualitative characteristics of meat from cull cows of different genotypes and age class slaughter under different finishing systems: a meta-analytic approach

The aim of this study was to evaluate, by meta-analysis, the quality of the meat of the cows according to genotype, termination system and age class slaughter. During an online research were identified 15 articles with information related to meat quality of slaughtered cows. The data were grouped according of the genotype of cows being: zebu or continental defined, crossed zebu x british or zebu x continental; according to termination system: feedlot or grassland; according to age of slaughter, where: up to 4 years old (young), 4-8 years old (adult) or more than 8 years old (old). The meat of the continental crossbred cows was softer than the other genotypes, both panel of evaluators and by Shear. The meat of cows finished in feedlot showed higher marbling degree in relation to meat of females finished on grassland. The reduction of the slaughter age of cows improved the meat color. The cows genotype affects the organoleptic aspects of meat while the finished system and slaughter age affects the sensory aspects of meat.