Djoko Prijono

Respons Fisiologi Crocidolomia pavonana terhadap Fraksi Aktif Calophyllum soulattri

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological response of the cabbage head caterpillar Crocidolomia pavonana treated with an active fraction of Calophyllum soulattri bark extract. Extraction of the test plant materials were performed with maceration method using methanol, continued by counter-current distribution separation in ethylacetate and water. Methanol fractionation of C. soulattri was performed by vaccuum liquid chromatography and the bioassays were conducted by a leaf-feeding method. The results showed that the dichloromethane fraction of C. soulattri had strong insecticidal activity against C. pavonana larvae, with LC50 of 0.05%. Sublethal treatments with the active fraction at LC15, LC50, and LC85 reduced the relative growth rate of the fourth instars by 48.9-94.1%. The treatments with the fraction at LC15 and LC50 to the fourth instars reduced the activity of invertase and protease enzyme by 20.7-24.1 and 14.4-25.14%, respectively, but increased the activity of trehalase by 26.7-120% as compared with controls.

Physiological Response of Crocidolomia pavonana to the Calophyllum soulattri Active Fraction

Rojolele is one of Indonesian local variety from Javanica group that susceptible to yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas). Previous study showed that Rojolele can be cultured and regenerated in vitro. Two cry genes, cryIB-cryIAa were fused and introduced into rice cv. Rojolele in an attempt to improve resistance and to obtain durable resistance rice against the yellow stem borer. Two-week old embryogenic calli of Rojolele rice were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harbored with binary vector pCAMBIA 1301, 1303, or 1304 carrying cryIB-cryIAa hybrid gene, hygromycin resistant gene (hpt), and -glucuronidase (gus) gene interrupted with an intron. The transformed calli were selected gradually on medium containing hygromycin (50, 100 mg/l) and regenerated on medium containing 0.5 mg/l IAA and 0.3 mg/l BAP. GUS activity in infected calli was detected by histochemical assay 3 days after inoculation. The highest (100%) transformation efficiency were obtained from calli transformed with pCAMBIA 1303 and 1304. Thirty four out of 77 transformed shoots were tested positive for the cryIB-cryIAa gene using PCR analysis. These shoots were grown in the soil to maturity and to collect the seeds. PCR analysis of the T1 progeny revealed that two out of six lines tested showed a Mendelian segregation pattern. These two lines were also potentially resistant to yellow stem borer based on bioassay in planta. Key words: cryIB-cryIAa hybrid gene, yellow stem borerRojolele is one of Indonesian local variety from Javanica group that susceptible to yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas). Previous study showed that Rojolele can be cultured and regenerated in vitro. Two cry genes, cryIB-cryIAa were fused and introduced into rice cv. Rojolele in an attempt to improve resistance and to obtain durable resistance rice against the yellow stem borer. Two-week old embryogenic calli of Rojolele rice were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harbored with binary vector pCAMBIA 1301, 1303, or 1304 carrying cryIB-cryIAa hybrid gene, hygromycin resistant gene (hpt), and -glucuronidase (gus) gene interrupted with an intron. The transformed calli were selected gradually on medium containing hygromycin (50, 100 mg/l) and regenerated on medium containing 0.5 mg/l IAA and 0.3 mg/l BAP. GUS activity in infected calli was detected by histochemical assay 3 days after inoculation. The highest (100%) transformation efficiency were obtained from calli transformed with pCAMBIA 1303 and 1304. Thirty four out of 77 transformed shoots were tested positive for the cryIB-cryIAa gene using PCR analysis. These shoots were grown in the soil to maturity and to collect the seeds. PCR analysis of the T1 progeny revealed that two out of six lines tested showed a Mendelian segregation pattern. These two lines were also potentially resistant to yellow stem borer based on bioassay in planta. Key words: cryIB-cryIAa hybrid gene, yellow stem borer