Donn G. Mosser

Carcinoma of the antrum: a clinical and histopathologic study.

Abstract 1. 1. Carcinoma of the maxillary antrum is twice as common in men as in women. The highest incidence is in the sixth to eighth decades of life. The average age of patients in our series was 64 years. 2. 2. The most common sign of antral malignancy is swelling around the eye, nose, and cheek. Next, in order of their frequency, are nasal, oral, neurological, and ocular symptoms. 3. 3. In over 25 per cent of the patients, initial signs and symptoms appear in the oral cavity and may call for consultation with a dentist. 4. 4. Due to the asymptomatic nature of the disease in its early stages, in the majority of cases diagnosis is not made until the disease is advanced. Upon admission, 88 per cent of the patients demonstrated roentgenologic evidence of destruction of one or more bony walls of the antrum. 5. 5. Metastases are not as infrequent as is generally believed. In the present series, 17 per cent of the patients had lymph node involvement, and 7 per cent had generalized metastases. 6. 6. There were fifty cases of epidermoid carcinoma, and only two were of the cylindroma variety. 7. 7. Of fifty-two patients, three died of postoperative complications. Among the remaining forty-nine patients, five (10 per cent) lived for more than five years and eight (15 per cent) lived for three years.

A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR HIGH‐RESOLUTION DENSITY GRADIENT‐SEPARATION OF BONE‐MARROW CELLS*

A new technique with minimal artifacts was developed for high-resolution density-gradient separation of viable cells. Differences as small as 0.002 in the density of the cells can be easily detected. It has been possible to detect differences of 0.0005 with careful manipulation. The development of this technique has necessitated the construction of a new centrifuge head, the preparation of a new suspension medium, and a new density gradient, and finally the development of a new centrifuge tube. Results on experiments on the bone marrow of three dogs are reported.

Effects of x-irradiation on phospholipid metabolism. I. Investigation of P32 uptake into individual liver and spleen phosphatides of normal and irradiated mice.

Phospholipids, tagged with P32, of liver and spleen of normal and irradiated mice were separated by silicic acid column chromatography. The speciiic radioactivity of the total phospholipids and of seven groups of phosphatides was determined at various times after the injection of the P32 in both normal and irradiated animals. The uptake of P32 into the total liver phospholipids was higher in the irradiated animals than in the controls. This was due to increased specific activity of the cephalins and lecithins. The specific activity of inositides and lysolecithin was not greatly changed by irradiation, whereas that of the sphingomyelins was increased at 2 and 4 hours but decreased after 8 hours. The specific radioactivity of liver phospholipids reached a maximum at 8 hours after injection of the P32 in normal animals but occurred at 6 hours in the irradiated animals.

The Relative Biological Effectiveness of Cobalt-60 Gamma Rays and 220-Kvp X-Rays on the Viability of Chicken Eggs

The relative bioloical effectiveness of cobalt-60 gamma rays and 220- kvp x rays on the viabtlity of fertile chicken eggs has been determined. The RBE with 95% cofnidence interval was found to be 0.82 plus or minus 0.06 when the absorbed dose was measured at the position of the embryo. On the basis of absorbed dose rate determined at the center of the egg, the RBE was found to be 0.80 plus or minus 0.06. The relative biological effectiveness was found to be independent of dosage in the range from 330 to 1030 rads. The LD/sub 50/s for cobalt-60 gamma rays and 220-kvp x rays were found to be 705 plus or minus 21 and 583 plus or minus 17 rads, respectively. These values were determined from measurements of absorbed dose at the position of the embryo. (auth)

The effect of combined irradiation and chemotherapy on cancer growth with special reference to studies with folic acid analogues.

During the past four years we have been investigating the effects of chemicals on the radiation sensitivity of various biological systems. Particular emphasis has been given to the study of combined chemical and radiation therapy in the treatment of cancer. Chemical compounds which have been used include various porphyrins, folic acid analogues, sulfhydryl compounds, cortisone, sodium cyanide, and di-chlorovinyl-cysteine (1–4). Of these, the folic acid analogues have received special attention (5, 6) and are the subject of this report. By combining chemical and radiation therapy it may be possible to increase “therapeutic ratio,” which has been defined as the ratio of the radiosensitivity of tumor tissue relative to surrounding normal tissue (7). If the therapeutic ratio can be increased by chemical means, it would be possible to deliver a cancericidal dose of radiation with less damage to normal tissue. This may be accomplished either by sensitizing tumors to the effects of x-rays or by preferential prot...

Measurement of trypsin activity using a radioactive substrate.

Summary Comparison has been made of measurements of trypsin activity by a substrate containing RIHSA (radioactive iodinated human serum albumin—Abbott Laboratories) and the commonly used methods of Anson and Kunitz. In this method, trypsin was incubated with an albumin substrate containing RIHSA, followed by precipitation of the undigested substrate with sulfosalicylic acid and measurement of radioactive digestion products in the supernatant fluid. Trypsin was found to be most stable in solution at a pH near 4.5 using the RIHSA method. Its activity was maximal at pH 6.5-7.0. The RIHSA method did not provide as sensitive a test for low concentrations of trypsin as did the methods of Anson and Kunitz. However, because of its simplicity for assay of tryptic activity, the RIHSA method is considered to be of definite value when enzyme concentrations to be assayed are in excess of 2000 T.U. per ml.

INACTIVATION OF PEPSIN BY ROENTGEN RADIATION. II. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ENZYME CONCENTRATIONS OR VARIOUS ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

The activity of pepsin exposed to roentgen irradiation was found to depend on the concentration of the enzyme during irradiation and the addition of organic compounds to the enzyme solution before radiation exposure. Pepsin was found to provide a significant selfprotection from radiation inactivation. Albumin protected pepsin from radiation to a degree which is comparable to that provided by pepsin itself. Hematoporphyrin, cysteamine, cysteine, glucose, and sucrose all protected the enzyme when present in the solution during the irradiation. Low concentrations of hematoporphyrin provided the same protection as that observed with concentrations of glucose which were about one hundred times higher. As the concentration of hematoporphyrin was increased above 10/sup -4/ M, its antiproteolytic effect became manifest so that its effectiveness as a radioprotective agent was impaired. At concentrations of 10/sup -3/ M or greater, cysteamine afforded the greatest protection of all chemicals used. (auth)

Effect of X-Radiation on Uptake of P32 into Individual Nucleotides of HeLa Cells

Summary Separation of 24 acid soluble phosphorus compounds from irradiated and non-irradiated HeLa cells is described. Relative specific activities of 19 of these compounds are given. Irradiation of the cells produced an increase of relative specific activity and amount of uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine, and a decrease in amount and specific activity of adenosine triphosphate.