Dora Lapkova

Computer Aided Analysis of Direct Punch Force Using the Tensometric Sensor

This research was focused on measuring and analyzing of the direct punch force of young adults. The main focus was on the differences between genders and among groups of participants with different level of training. In this long-term study more than 200 participants took part. The collected data were analyzed and stored for future use in research. This paper presents the results of first analysis focused on the difference in the mean maximum of direct punch force of participants in different categories.

Using Artificial Neural Network For The Kick Techniques Classification - An Initial Study.

In this initial study it is investigated the possibility of using simple artificial neural network for classification of kick techniques based on their specific force course profile. The aim is to investigate whether the neural networks could be a suitable tool for such task and can be possibly used in following research that will deal with classification of punch techniques and also the striker’s gender and level of training. INTRODUCTION The kick techniques are (apart from punching techniques) the most important and effective techniques in unarmed professional defense with significant force delivery. Various kick techniques are the subject of research investigation mostly for the needs of martial arts. (Liu et al. 2000, Pieter and Pieter 1995). This paper presents initial results of analysis of two different kick techniques: the direct kick and the round kick (Liu et al. 2000). The aim was to find out whether it is possible to distinguish these two techniques from a kick impact force profile. In this long-term research the participants were asked to perform a set of different punch and kick techniques on a measuring station. The impact force profiles were stored for further analysis. To uncover whether there are certain unique characteristics for the two kick techniques mentioned above the artificial neural network (ANN) was chosen as a suitable classifier. Firstly, kick techniques are explained. In the following paragraph, measuring devices, the method of data storage and experiment setup for measurement are described. Artificial neural network theory is depicted in the next section. Problem definition and consequent analysis are followed by result section. The conclusion summarizes the kick techniques classification. KICK TECHNIQUES In this study two different kick techniques are distinguished the direct kick (Fig. 1) and the round kick (Fig. 2). In professional defense, these kicks are used to stop and keep the attacker in distance where the attacker cannot touch us. The second way of use is destabilization of attacker. During the direct kick a sole or a heel are the hit areas. This kick is made directly and by the shortest way to the target. During the round kick an instep together with part of shank are hit areas. The direct kick is considered to be stronger than the round kick. Figure 1: Direct kick Figure 2: Round kick MEASURING DEVICES The strain gauge sensor L6E-C3-300kg (Fig. 3.) works as unilaterally cantilever bending beam. During force delivery the biggest deformation of sensor is in places with the thinnest walls – there are metal film strain gauges which change their electrical resistance depending on deformation. Strain gauges are plugged in Wheatstone bridge and this way is possible to convert difference of resistance to electrical signal which we can process. Figure 3: Strain gauge sensor L6E-C3-300kg Proceedings 28th European Conference on Modelling and Simulation ©ECMS Flaminio Squazzoni, Fabio Baronio, Claudia Archetti, Marco Castellani (Editors) ISBN: 978-0-9564944-8-1 / ISBN: 978-0-9564944-9-8 (CD) The sensor is connected to the computer, which is used for data storage, through the strain gauge. The strain gauge type TENZ2334 is an electronic appliance that converts the signals to data that is stored in memory. The core of the appliance is a single-chip microcomputer that controls all of the activities. The strain gauge sensor is connected to this appliance via four-pole connector XLR by four conductors. The number of values measured by the sensor averages around 600 measurements per second while the data is immediately stored in the memory of a device with a capacity of 512 kB (Lapkova et al., 2012). The mentioned above strain gauge sensor was placed on the measuring station according to the following schematic (Fig. 4): Figure 4: Measuring station schematic 1 – punching bag (made from hardened vinyl filled with foam) 2 –template 3 – strain gauge sensor L6E-C3-300kg 4 – board (200 x 200 x 5 mm) 5 – punching bag base

Analysis of direct punch force in professional defence

This article is focused on presenting our research about direct punch force. Professional defence is very important part of our life and punches are basic technique in majority of martial arts. Our aim was to measure dependence of force on time. Then we found differences between genders and among groups of participants with different level of training. The analysis started with measuring of the force with help of strain gauge L6E-C3-300kg and then we continued with finding of the dependence of this force on time and on input parameters. For data analysis two pieces of software were used – Office Excel and MINITAB. Our goal was to prepare data for an artificial neural network.

Application of Neural Networks for the Classification of Gender from Kick Force Profile – A Small Scale Study

The possibility of using artificial neural network for person gender classification based on kick force profile is investigated in this paper. The input data are transformed using discrete cosine transformation for easier classification. Extensive tuning is performed on the proposed artificial neural network to obtain better results. This preliminary study sums up foundations for future large-scale studies.

Statistical and mathematical classification of direct punch

This paper is focused on statistical and mathematical analysis of a direct punch. The analysis started with measuring of the velocity with help of high speed camera Olympus i-Speed 2 and then we continued with looking for the dependence of this velocity on time. For data analysis two pieces of software were used - i-Speed Control Software and MINITAB. 61 participants took part in this experiment. The results are presented in this paper - especially dependence of mean velocity on time and difference in velocity between genders. In this paper our new method for classification of direct punch based on training level is presented. This method is based on mathematical analysis of velocity and on definition of four coefficients which determines how the punch is trained.

Using information technologies in professional defence education — Classification of training with help of effective punching mass

This article is focused on a professional defence and on a classification of training. During our research, we tried to find out if it is possible to connect information technologies with learning of the professional defence for more effective results. The aim of this experiment was to find a new possibility of effective classification of training. From previous experiments in this area we had measurements of force of striking techniques (we chose a direct punch as the first technique for a measuring). Based on this force we tried to find effective classification of training. We have the classification with the help of a velocity and an impulse from the past. In this article we present our new method — the classification with the help of an effective punching mass.

Using information technologies in self-defense education

This article is focused on possibilities of an implementation of information technologies in a learning of self-defense. The self-defense is a field which is more and more necessary in our life. During our research, we tried to find out if it is possible to connect information technologies with learning of self-defense for more effective results. We used VICON system for visualization of body motion and in the following steps we looked for differences between untrained and trained subjects. The result was a detection of significant differences and mistakes in self-defense techniques. In the future we will implement this finding to the training.

Utilization of Motion Animation for Analysis of Basic Self-defense Techniques

This paper is focused on possible utilization of an artificial neural network connected with biometric systems and motion animation for the purpose of training of self-defense techniques. The described experiment was performed in a specialized laboratory of university hospital in Brno with the help of VICON system. The aim was to obtain new inputs for artificial neural networks. Simultaneously, this research proceeds with previous project and research. This paper also contains the most interesting results from the experiment.

EMG Analysis for Basic Self-defense Techniques

Electromyography (EMG) is an electro diagnostic medicine method used for measuring an electrical activity of skeletal muscles and nerves that control muscles. Beside the medicine, EMG is also used for measuring a local muscle load and for the purpose of this research EMG was used for determination of utilization of individual great muscles in self-defense techniques. The aim was obtaining new inputs for artificial neural networks. Simultaneously this research proceeds on previous project and researches.

Analysis of direct punch velocity in professional defence

This paper is focused on analysis of a direct punch. Nowadays, professional defence is basic part of effective protection of people and property. There are many striking techniques and the goal of this research was to analyze the direct punch. The analysis is aimed to measure the velocity with help of high speed camera Olympus i-Speed 2 and then find the dependences of this velocity on input parameters. For data analysis two pieces of software were used – i-Speed Control Software and MINITAB. 111 participants took part in this experiment. The results are presented in this paper – especially dependence of mean velocity on time and difference in velocity between genders.