Milan Adamek

Computer Aided Analysis of Direct Punch Force Using the Tensometric Sensor

This research was focused on measuring and analyzing of the direct punch force of young adults. The main focus was on the differences between genders and among groups of participants with different level of training. In this long-term study more than 200 participants took part. The collected data were analyzed and stored for future use in research. This paper presents the results of first analysis focused on the difference in the mean maximum of direct punch force of participants in different categories.

Using Artificial Neural Network For The Kick Techniques Classification - An Initial Study.

In this initial study it is investigated the possibility of using simple artificial neural network for classification of kick techniques based on their specific force course profile. The aim is to investigate whether the neural networks could be a suitable tool for such task and can be possibly used in following research that will deal with classification of punch techniques and also the striker’s gender and level of training. INTRODUCTION The kick techniques are (apart from punching techniques) the most important and effective techniques in unarmed professional defense with significant force delivery. Various kick techniques are the subject of research investigation mostly for the needs of martial arts. (Liu et al. 2000, Pieter and Pieter 1995). This paper presents initial results of analysis of two different kick techniques: the direct kick and the round kick (Liu et al. 2000). The aim was to find out whether it is possible to distinguish these two techniques from a kick impact force profile. In this long-term research the participants were asked to perform a set of different punch and kick techniques on a measuring station. The impact force profiles were stored for further analysis. To uncover whether there are certain unique characteristics for the two kick techniques mentioned above the artificial neural network (ANN) was chosen as a suitable classifier. Firstly, kick techniques are explained. In the following paragraph, measuring devices, the method of data storage and experiment setup for measurement are described. Artificial neural network theory is depicted in the next section. Problem definition and consequent analysis are followed by result section. The conclusion summarizes the kick techniques classification. KICK TECHNIQUES In this study two different kick techniques are distinguished the direct kick (Fig. 1) and the round kick (Fig. 2). In professional defense, these kicks are used to stop and keep the attacker in distance where the attacker cannot touch us. The second way of use is destabilization of attacker. During the direct kick a sole or a heel are the hit areas. This kick is made directly and by the shortest way to the target. During the round kick an instep together with part of shank are hit areas. The direct kick is considered to be stronger than the round kick. Figure 1: Direct kick Figure 2: Round kick MEASURING DEVICES The strain gauge sensor L6E-C3-300kg (Fig. 3.) works as unilaterally cantilever bending beam. During force delivery the biggest deformation of sensor is in places with the thinnest walls – there are metal film strain gauges which change their electrical resistance depending on deformation. Strain gauges are plugged in Wheatstone bridge and this way is possible to convert difference of resistance to electrical signal which we can process. Figure 3: Strain gauge sensor L6E-C3-300kg Proceedings 28th European Conference on Modelling and Simulation ©ECMS Flaminio Squazzoni, Fabio Baronio, Claudia Archetti, Marco Castellani (Editors) ISBN: 978-0-9564944-8-1 / ISBN: 978-0-9564944-9-8 (CD) The sensor is connected to the computer, which is used for data storage, through the strain gauge. The strain gauge type TENZ2334 is an electronic appliance that converts the signals to data that is stored in memory. The core of the appliance is a single-chip microcomputer that controls all of the activities. The strain gauge sensor is connected to this appliance via four-pole connector XLR by four conductors. The number of values measured by the sensor averages around 600 measurements per second while the data is immediately stored in the memory of a device with a capacity of 512 kB (Lapkova et al., 2012). The mentioned above strain gauge sensor was placed on the measuring station according to the following schematic (Fig. 4): Figure 4: Measuring station schematic 1 – punching bag (made from hardened vinyl filled with foam) 2 –template 3 – strain gauge sensor L6E-C3-300kg 4 – board (200 x 200 x 5 mm) 5 – punching bag base

Analysis of direct punch force in professional defence

This article is focused on presenting our research about direct punch force. Professional defence is very important part of our life and punches are basic technique in majority of martial arts. Our aim was to measure dependence of force on time. Then we found differences between genders and among groups of participants with different level of training. The analysis started with measuring of the force with help of strain gauge L6E-C3-300kg and then we continued with finding of the dependence of this force on time and on input parameters. For data analysis two pieces of software were used – Office Excel and MINITAB. Our goal was to prepare data for an artificial neural network.

Application of Neural Networks for the Classification of Gender from Kick Force Profile – A Small Scale Study

The possibility of using artificial neural network for person gender classification based on kick force profile is investigated in this paper. The input data are transformed using discrete cosine transformation for easier classification. Extensive tuning is performed on the proposed artificial neural network to obtain better results. This preliminary study sums up foundations for future large-scale studies.

Gait patterns for crime fighting: statistical evaluation

The criminality is omnipresent during the human history. Modern technology brings novel opportunities for identification of a perpetrator. One of these opportunities is an analysis of video recordings, which may be taken during the crime itself or before/after the crime. The video analysis can be classed as identification analyses, respectively identification of a person via externals. The bipedal locomotion focuses on human movement on the basis of their anatomical-physiological features. Nowadays, the human gait is tested by many laboratories to learn whether the identification via bipedal locomotion is possible or not. The aim of our study is to use 2D components out of 3D data from the VICON Mocap system for deep statistical analyses. This paper introduces recent results of a fundamental study focused on various gait patterns during different conditions. The study contains data from 12 participants. Curves obtained from these measurements were sorted, averaged and statistically tested to estimate the stability and distinctiveness of this biometrics. Results show satisfactory distinctness of some chosen points, while some do not embody significant difference. However, results presented in this paper are of initial phase of further deeper and more exacting analyses of gait patterns under different conditions.

Electromagnetic Interference of Components of Intrusion and Hold-up Alarm Systems

The components of intrusion and hold-up alarm systems are not only the receiver of the electromagnetic interference that is around them but also these components are the source of the electromagnetic interference. If the components generate excessively high interference, their activity could have an adverse effect on other electronic devices in their vicinity or it can cause errors in the functional properties of the entire security alarm system. For this reason, each component must be tested for electromagnetic immunity and also their electromagnetic interference must be measured in accredited laboratories for electromagnetic compatibility.

Electromagnetic interference of CCTV

All electronic and electrical devices generate interference signals that may effect on working other devices in the area. The paper describes a level of electromagnetic interference that IP cameras generate. The measurement must accomplish requirement according to the norm ČSN EN 55022 ed.3.

Electromagnetic susceptibility of IP camera

Electromagnetic susceptibility is an important ability of all electronic and electric devices which are located in the area with electromagnetic interference. The paper is focused on IP camera and it describes its levels of electromagnetic susceptibility against electromagnetic interference. The measurement must be performed according to standard EN 50130-4 ed. 2. Streszczenie. Podatnośc elektromagnetyczna jest waznym parametrem określającym odpornośc urządzenia na zaklocenia elektromagnetyczne. W pracy badano kamere IP w oparciu o norme EN 50130-4 ed. 2. Podatnośc elektromagnetyczna kamery IP

Statistical and mathematical classification of direct punch

This paper is focused on statistical and mathematical analysis of a direct punch. The analysis started with measuring of the velocity with help of high speed camera Olympus i-Speed 2 and then we continued with looking for the dependence of this velocity on time. For data analysis two pieces of software were used - i-Speed Control Software and MINITAB. 61 participants took part in this experiment. The results are presented in this paper - especially dependence of mean velocity on time and difference in velocity between genders. In this paper our new method for classification of direct punch based on training level is presented. This method is based on mathematical analysis of velocity and on definition of four coefficients which determines how the punch is trained.

Shielding Protection Comparison for Security Cameras Lenses

The paper focuses on shielding effectiveness calculations of grid protections for camera objectives and their comparison. Security cameras represent the fundamental elements of physical guarding and help to improve a feeling of safety. Unfortunately, cameras are electronic device susceptible to electromagnetic field effects; therefore, the demand for protection is rising in recent years. The most cost-effectiveness solution is shielding enclosure which may be problematic to realise in this case just because of the lens. As an ideal solution to this problem seems to be shielding grid including different shapes of networks. The paper should provide information which type of shielding grid is the most effective.