Doralice Lange de Souza

Sport mega-events: can legacies and development be equitable and sustainable?

Sport mega-events (SMEs) involve struggles to determine the definition of legacy and the outcome priorities that guide legacy planning, funding, and implementation processes. History shows that legacies reflect the interests of capital, and legacy benefits are enjoyed primarily , if not exclusively, by powerful business interests, a few political leaders, and organizations that govern high performance sports. This paper addresses challenges faced by cities and countries that host SMEs, and shows that fair and equitable legacies and developmental outcomes are achieved only when the voices and interests of the general population are taken into account and given priority during the process of planning, funding and implementation. It also explains how full representation in the process of defining and achieving legacies and developmental outcomes may be undermined by populist beliefs about the power of sport.

Cai o pano: uma análise do encerramento da carreira de Ronaldo "fenômeno" a partir de duas mídias digitais esportivas

Os meios de comunicacao sao importantes veiculos mediadores de relacoes historico-sociais e culturais, criando e revelando realidades. Considerando a importância do futebol profissional e de seus jogadores, e mais especificamente, a relevância de Ronaldo no cenario esportivo nacional, o objetivo deste estudo foi o de investigar como o encerramento da carreira deste atleta foi retratado em duas midias eletronicas esportivas, o Lancenet e o Globoesporte.com. Realizou-se uma analise qualitativa destas fontes a partir dos preceitos da historia do tempo presente e concluiu-se que ambas contribuiram para com a mitificacao e consolidacao da imagem de Ronaldo como idolo do futebol.

Mega sporting events and public funding of sport in Brazil (2004–2011)

Brazilian law states that it is the duty of the State to promote sport as a right of each citizen, noting the allocation of public funds for the priority promotion of educational sports and – in specific cases – of elite sports. In view of this legislation, the objectives of this study were to investigate the amount of funds planned and executed by the Brazilian federal government on sport between 2004 and 2011, and to verify how these funds were distributed into the three sport dimensions recognised by the Brazilian law: educational, participation and elite sport. The research was quantitative, descriptive and exploratory. The data were collected from the ‘Siga Brazil’ portal and analysed using the Microsoft Office Excel (2007) and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 22) programmes. We found that the development of major sporting events in Brazil has significantly influenced the amount and distribution of budgetary resources in sports and leisure in the country. Although in the budget planning process the government had indicated the promotion of participation sports as a priority, elite sport and hosting Pan 2007 were taken as priorities in the budget execution process. The data show inconsistencies between the priorities established by the Brazilian Constitution and the priorities established by the governors. They also show incoherence between what was predicted in the planning process and what was actually executed. These inconsistencies have interfered with the democratisation of access to sport and leisure practices for Brazilian citizens.

Barreiras e facilitadores para a participação de crianças e adolescentes em um projeto socioesportivo

O objetivo do trabalho foi o de investigar facilitadores e barreiras para a participacao de criancas e adolescentes no projeto Esporte em Acao – Nucleo Vila Torres. A pesquisa foi qualitativa e os dados coletados atraves de observacoes e entrevistas com profissionais, participantes e pais/responsaveis. Os principais facilitadores sao: acesso ao esporte, a oportunidades educacionais e a um local mais seguro do que as ruas. As principais barreiras sao: falta de seguranca no trajeto ate o projeto; falta de incentivos dos pais/responsaveis; clima; obrigacoes domesticas. A pesquisa oferece subsidios para o desenvolvimento de novos projetos e projetos similares.

Do sports mega-events boost public funding in sports programs? The case of Brazil (2004–2015)

This article explores public expenditure in Brazilian sport from 2004 to 2015 and aims to understand if hosting sport mega-events has influenced investments in different types of sport (elite sport and educational/participation sport). Data were collected through governmental records and examined through descriptive statistics. Positive and negative variations of spending were reported, regarding both the overall budget allocated to sport and among the different types of sport. This study concluded that sport mega-events have influenced the funding of sports programs to some extent, but other aspects of public funding are likely to be more significant influencers on the observed variations. The study also argues that further research on different host countries is necessary to understand the impact of sport mega-events on public sport funding.

MÍDIA E JOGOS PARALÍMPICOS NO BRASIL: INVESTIGANDO ESTIGMAS NA COBERTURA JORNALÍSTICA DA FOLHA DE S. PAULO

This study investigates whether the Brazilian newspaper Folha de S. Paulo , during the editions of the Paralympic Games from 1992 to 2012, reproduced narratives pointed out by literature as inappropriate and/or stigmatizing when referring to the Paralympic athletes. Using a qualitative and descriptive approach, we have mapped the news to identify excerpts related to the following characteristics: supercrip; trivialization; infantilization; victimization. The coverage partly “victimized” athletes by emphasizing sad facts of their lives associated with their disabilities. It also reproduced supercrip narratives in which news or part of them focused on stories about overcoming barriers by athletes related to their disabilities rather than underscoring their sporting achievements. The newspaper also reported trivial facts about athletes’ lives such as romantic relationships, family and financial issues. There were a few cases of “infantilization”, which contradicted international research findings.

O PERFIL DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA ONLINE EM PORTUGUÊS RELACIONADA ÀS MODALIDADES OLÍMPICAS E PARALÍMPICAS

This study aimed at exploring the profile of online scientific literature in Portuguese related to Olympic and Paralympic sports. The research was based on the following databases: Lilacs, Medline, Scielo, and the CAPES Portal. The descriptors included Olympic and Paralympic sports’ official names and related terms. The search located 2,007 articles – 2,000 related to summer sports and seven to winter sports. Among the former, 1,956 articles were related to Olympic and 52 to Paralympic sports. The Olympic sport with most articles is football (608 articles) and the main Paralympic sport is swimming (13). Most papers address training (773). Among the 3,531 authors listed in the papers, 1965 are trained in Physical Education/Sports. The main production centers are in Sao Paulo. This study provides support for the development of research in the most strategic and needed areas of sport.

Legados de megaeventos esportivos: considerações a partir de uma perspectiva crítica

One of the main arguments for the realization of sport mega-events is that they generate economic, social, political and sport legacies for the hosting cities / countries. The goal of this paper is to discuss the notion of development on the agenda of these events, based on authors who have been discussing this issue. We verified that the type of development facilitated by these events has been primarily benefiting well positioned agents with privileged access to decision makers at the expense of a type of development that could favor the population in general. The promotion of development for the common good is possible only to the extent that the decision to host - or not host - sport mega-events is aligned with the long-term development goals of the cities and the host countries. This decision should also be consistent with the host´s socio-cultural reality and its ability to provide the infrastructure and resources necessary to host the event. The realization of sport mega-events does not produce positive results automatically. For this to happen, it is necessary careful planning. For example, when considering the construction of sports venues and how they will be used after the event, people in charge should consider questions such as: Who will be responsible for maintaining them and which resources will be made available for this goal? Who will use these venues? What kind of support does the targeted pubic needs so that it can optimize their use? Both the process of legacy planning and the implementation and evaluation of actions to build this legacy should involve the participation of people who will be directly affected with the realization of the event.

Os Jogos Olímpicos e Paralímpicos Rio 2016: propostas para o esporte educacional, de participação e de rendimento

Este trabalho visou identificar as propostas de legados para o esporte no Brasil a partir do Dossie de Candidatura do Rio de Janeiro a Sede dos Jogos Olimpicos e Paralimpicos 2016 e Cadernos de Legado Rio 2016. A pesquisa se caracteriza como documental de cunho qualitativo. Selecionamos do Dossie de Candidatura e dos Cadernos de Legado as propostas para o esporte que sao apontadas como consequencia da vinda dos Jogos. Para cada proposta buscamos identificar: 1) dimensao esportiva (educacional, participacao e rendimento); 2) nivel de alcance; 3) publico-alvo; e 4) orcamento. Concluimos que dentre as diferentes dimensoes do esporte, o de rendimento sera privilegiado. Sao poucas as propostas que visam ampla disseminacao da pratica esportiva. A maioria das propostas se restringe a cidade do Rio de Janeiro e ao periodo pre-Jogos. O esporte educacional nao e significativamente contemplado quando comparado as outras dimensoes do esporte, o que contradiz a Politica Nacional do Esporte e a Constituicao Federal de 1988. Mais estudos sao necessarios para subsidiar o direcionamento das acoes do governo no sentido de se garantir o acesso ao esporte como um direito de todos.

Mega-eventos esportivos: podem desenvolvimento e legado ser equalitários e sustentáveis?

Sport mega-events (SMEs) involve struggles to determine the definition of legacy and the outcome priorities that guide legacy planning, funding, and implementation processes. History shows that legacies reflect the interests of capital, and legacy benefits are enjoyed primarily , if not exclusively, by powerful business interests, a few political leaders, and organizations that govern high performance sports. This paper addresses challenges faced by cities and countries that host SMEs, and shows that fair and equitable legacies and developmental outcomes are achieved only when the voices and interests of the general population are taken into account and given priority during the process of planning, funding and implementation. It also explains how full representation in the process of defining and achieving legacies and developmental outcomes may be undermined by populist beliefs about the power of sport.