Dyego Leandro Bezerra de Souza

Predicted incidence of oral cavity, oropharyngeal, laryngeal, and hypopharyngeal cancer in Spain and implications for cancer control.

BACKGROUND Head and neck cancers are the sixth most common cancers in men, accounting for approximately 6% of all incident cancers. The highest incidence rates for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers were registered in Pakistan, India, France, Slovakia and Brazil. This paper presents predictions of incidence rates of the most common cancers in the head and neck in Spain. OBJECTIVE This paper presents predictions of incidence rates of the most common cancers in the head and neck regions for the period 2003-2017, grouped in periods of five years (2003-2007, 2008-2012, 2013-2017), based on incidence data from five Population-Based Cancer Registries in Spain. METHODS Cancer registries published in Cancer Incidence in Five Continents vols. VII-IX with a minimum of 15 years of continuous data were selected. The selected topographies were: oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx. Predictions were made using the Nordpred program, utilizing the age-period-cohort model. RESULTS For the period between 2013 and 2017, 4542 cases of head and neck cancers were predicted for men and 810 for women, with a proportion of 5.6 men to one woman. Cancers of the oral cavity, larynx and hypopharynx in men presented an increasing number of cases due to demographic changes, but the risk will be reduced by 2% for oral cavity cancer, 28% for laryngeal cancer, 3% for hypopharyngeal cancer and 4% for grouped locations. Oropharyngeal cancer in men has a predicted increase of 47% due to risk. Predictions for the female gender suggest an increment in all locations, with an increased risk of 24% for the oral cavity, 37% for the larynx, and 67% for grouped locations. CONCLUSION Predictions show a reduction in gender difference in the incidence of head and neck cancers. There was a reduction in incidence rates for men and an increase for women, evidencing changes in exposure to tobacco and alcohol.

Trends in the incidence of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers in Spain

The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare incidence trends of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers, using data from population‐based Spanish cancer registries.

Gender differences in the incidence of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers in Spain

OBJECTIVE The present ecological study analyzed gender differences in the incidences and trends of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers in Spain and compared these with smoking prevalence and alcohol consumption in the period. METHODS Data were evaluated from seven Spanish Population-Based Cancer Registries, selected with a minimum follow-up period of 10 years. Information on smoking prevalence and trends were collected from National Health Surveys; for alcohol consumption the Global Alcohol Database was utilized. Trends in the incidences of cancer, smoking and alcohol consumption were analyzed by log-linear joinpoint regression. RESULTS Analysis of the seven groups of registries revealed a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of laryngeal cancer in men (APC=-4.2) over time and a non-significant increase in women (APC=0.6), with data on prevalence of smoking revealing similar trends. For hypopharyngeal cancer in men an initial increase of 10.6% per year was observed, followed by a reduction of -7.2%; however in women a constant increase of 2.8% per year was observed in the evaluated period. CONCLUSIONS In recent years, the incidence of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers have increased in Spanish women and decreased in Spanish men, narrowing the gap between genders for this neoplasm. The identified trends are probably related to the consumption of tobacco and alcohol; however other risk factors should also be addressed.

Laryngeal cancer survival in Zaragoza (Spain): a population-based study

ObjectiveThis article aims to study larynx cancer survival from the Population-Based Cancer Registry of Zaragoza, Spain, for the period 1978–2002.MethodsThe survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The automated calculation of the Catalan Institute of Oncology was utilised to obtain the relative survival.ResultsThe observed survival rate was 84.6% in the first year and 60.9% in the fifth year. The one-year relative survival in both genders was 86.8% (CI 95%: 85.3–88.4) and 70.1% (CI 95%: 67.8–72.4) after five years. Glottic cancer presented a better survival rate than supraglottic and subglottic cancers, and a better survival rate was also observed in younger ages. There were no statistical differences when comparing survival rates by gender and between the periods 1978–1986, 1987–1994 and 1995–2002.ConclusionsThe data suggest there were no significant changes in laryngeal cancer survival in the province of Zaragoza in the period 1978–2002 and that the tumours located in the glottis presented a better prognosis.

Mortality trends and prediction of HPV-related cancers in Brazil.

Estimation of the size of a cancer group, either through number of cases or extrapolation of past observed trends, is indispensable to the planning of effective assistance measures. The aim of this study was to analyze the mortality trends of human papillomavirus-related cancers in Brazil by sex, in the period 1996–2010, and make predictions until the year 2025. All deaths registered as being a result of cervical cancer (ICD-10 code: C53), as well as those caused by vulvar and vaginal (C51 and C52), anal (C21), penile (C60), and oropharyngeal (C02, C09, C10) cancers, were registered. Adjusted rate calculations for each year were used to study the trends through the regression program ‘Joinpoint’. Predictions were made using the Nordpred program, utilizing the age–period–cohort model. When analyzing separately by location, it was observed that penile and anal cancers in men presented an increasing trend for the entire period with a statistically significant annual percentage change of 4% for anal cancer and 1.4% for penile cancer. Predictions indicate a reduction in the risk of death due to oropharyngeal cancer in men and cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancers in women. It was observed that the increase in the number of deaths occurs mainly because of population changes (size and age structure). In terms of risk, an increase is predicted for anal and penile cancers in men and consequently an increase in mortality rates is observed for these types of cancers, unlike what is expected for human papillomavirus-related cancers in women.

Cancer mortality in Brazil: Temporal Trends and Predictions for the Year 2030

AbstractCancer is currently in the spotlight due to their heavy responsibility as main cause of death in both developed and developing countries. Analysis of the epidemiological situation is required as a support tool for the planning of public health measures for the most vulnerable groups. We analyzed cancer mortality trends in Brazil and geographic regions in the period 1996 to 2010 and calculate mortality predictions for the period 2011 to 2030.This is an epidemiological, demographic-based study that utilized information from the Mortality Information System on all deaths due to cancer in Brazil. Mortality trends were analyzed by the Joinpoint regression, and Nordpred was utilized for the calculation of predictions.Stability was verified for the female (annual percentage change [APC] = 0.4%) and male (APC = 0.5%) sexes. The North and Northeast regions present significant increasing trends for mortality in both sexes. Until 2030, female mortality trends will not present considerable variations, but there will be a decrease in mortality trends for the male sex. There will be increases in mortality rates until 2030 for the North and Northeast regions, whereas reductions will be verified for the remaining geographic regions. This variation will be explained by the demographic structure of regions until 2030.There are pronounced regional and sex differences in cancer mortality in Brazil, and these discrepancies will continue to increase until the year 2030, when the Northeast region will present the highest cancer mortality rates in Brazil.

Prevalence of multimorbidity in the Brazilian adult population according to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics

Knowledge on the occurrence of multimorbidity is important from the viewpoint of public policies, as this condition increases the consumption of medicines as well as the utilization and expenses of health services, affecting life quality of the population. The objective of this study was to estimate prevalence of self-reported multimorbidity in Brazilian adults (≥18 years old) according to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. A descriptive study is presented herein, based on data from the National Health Survey, which was a household-based survey carried out in Brazil in 2013. Data on 60,202 adult participants over the age of 18 were included. Prevalences and its respective confidence intervals (95%) were estimated according to sex, age, education level, marital status, self-reported skin color, area of residence, occupation and federative units (states). Poisson regression models univariate and multivariate were used to evaluate the association between socioeconomic and demographic variables with multimorbidity. To observe the combinations of chronic conditions the most common groups in pairs, trios, quartets and quintets of chronic diseases were observed. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 23.6% and was higher among women, in individuals over 60 years of age, people with low educational levels, people living with partner, in urban areas and among unemployed persons. The states of the South and Southeast regions presented higher prevalence. The most common groups of chronic diseases were metabolic and musculoskeletal diseases. The results demonstrated high prevalence of multimorbidity in Brazil. The study also revealed that a considerable share of the economically active population presented two or more chronic diseases. Data of this research indicated that socioeconomic and demographic aspects must be considered during the planning of health services and development of prevention and treatment strategies for chronic diseases, and consequently, multimorbidity.

Oropharyngeal Cancer Survival: A Population-Based Study of Patients Diagnosed between 1978 and 2002

Objective. This paper aims at studying oropharyngeal cancer survival from the Population-Based Cancer Registry of Zaragoza, Spain, for the 1978–2002 period. Methods. The survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the automated calculation method of the Catalan Institute of Oncology was utilized to obtain the relative survival. Results. The oropharyngeal cancer survival rate was 61.3% in the first year and 33.9% in the fifth year. One-year relative survival was 62.2% (CI 95%: 57.4–67.4), and five-year relative survival was 36.6% (CI 95%: 31.8–42.1). Comparison of survival rates by sex revealed statistically significant differences (P value = 0.017) with better survival in women. There were no differences when comparing the three age groups and the three studied time periods 1978–1986, 1987–1994, and 1995–2002. Conclusions. The data suggests that there were no significant changes in oropharyngeal cancer survival in the province of Zaragoza throughout the years.

Trends in the incidence of major salivary gland cancer in Spain (1978-2002)

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the trend in the incidence rates of major salivary gland cancer in population-based cancer registries in Spain. METHODS: The following Spanish cancer registries with a minimum follow-up period of 10 years were selected: Albacete, Asturias, Granada, Murcia, Navarre, Tarragona and Zaragoza. Adjusted incidence rates were calculated. Joinpoint software was utilized to calculate change estimations in incidence rates for the period 1991-2001. RESULTS: Joinpoint analysis revealed a statistically significant decreasing trend with an annual percent change of -5.3% (95% CI: -8.7 to -1.8). CONCLUSION: The incidence of major salivary gland cancers in Spain was low and a decreasing trend was identified between 1991 and 2001.

Inequalities in esophageal cancer mortality in Brazil: Temporal trends and projections.

The main objective of the study was to analyze the effect of age, period and birth cohort on esophageal cancer mortality in Brazil and its geographic regions, per sex. An ecological study is presented herein, which evaluated the deaths by esophageal cancer and the distribution, per geographic region. Poisson Regression was utilized to calculate the effects of age, period and birth cohort, and projections were made with the statistical software R, using the age-period-cohort model. Projection of data covered the period 2015–2029. Regarding the geographic regions of Brazil, a decrease was verified, throughout time, for the mortality rates of the South and Southeast regions, for men and women. For the North, Northeast and Midwest regions, an increase was evidenced in mortality rates, mainly for men, after the 2000s. Regarding the projections, a progressive increase of mortality rates was verified for the Northeast and North regions. Divergences evidenced for observed and projected esophageal cancer mortality rates revealed inequalities among the geographic regions of Brazil.