Eder Pereira Gomes

Infiltração de água no solo em um latossolo vermelho da região sudoeste dos cerrados com diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo

Na regiao do Cerrado, as atividades agricolas tem provocado impactos negativos, principalmente, na qualidade do solo e da agua. Tanto em sistemas de exploracao agricola ou de pecuaria, com diferentes manejos, a degradacao fisica do solo e uma das consequencias da reducao da produtividade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a infiltracao de agua no solo sob influencia de diferentes sistemas de manejo em um Latossolo Vermelho distrofico na regiao dos Cerrados. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes sistemas de manejo: a) solo sob vegetacao nativa; b) solo com implantacao de lavoura de soja durante um ano, seguido de tres anos de pastagens; c) solo com implantacao de lavoura de soja durante quatro anos, seguidos por quatro anos de pastagem; d) solo com lavoura de soja continua em sistema de plantio direto; e e) solo com pastagem continuamente. Foram avaliadas, no periodo de 1995 a 2002, a velocidade de infiltracao basica (VIB) e a infiltracao de agua acumulada no solo, utilizando o metodo de duplos aneis concentricos. Os usos do solo com sistema de lavoura continua, pecuaria continua e integracao lavoura-pecuaria tiveram a velocidade de infiltracao basica e infiltracao acumulada reduzidas em relacao ao solo com vegetacao nativa na regiao do Cerrado. Entre os sistemas estudados, o sistema de integracao lavoura-pecuaria foi o que apresentou valores mais proximos aos do solo sob vegetacao nativa.

Impacto energético da irrigação por gotejamento no cultivo de mamona

Irrigation is a technique with high potential to increase crop yield , however, it is necessary to evaluate the energetic efficiency of irrigated agriculture. So, this study aimed at evaluating the irrigation impact on grain yield and energetic balance of two castor bean cultivars submitted to supplementary drip irrigation with different water depths. The experiment was conducted in a clayey Dystrophic Purple Latosol, in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a bifactorial scheme, with five water depths (0%, 25%, 50%, 100% and 150% of evapotranspiration for localized irrigation) and two castor bean cultivars (IAC 2028 and IAC 80), with four replications. The irrigation interval was of up to two irrigations per week, except for the days when rainfall occurred. Crop yield and the relation energy produced in the form of grains/energy used in cultivation were evaluated. It was concluded that the supplementary irrigation increased yield, as well as the relationship between energy production and consumption.

Impact of irrigation on yield and energy balance of the production of oil and cake of two sunflower varieties

The energy balance for the production of sunflower oil and cake was carried out during the agricultural and industrial stage phase, where it was considered a cold extraction by hydraulic pressing, with the plant location in a rural area with a radius of 30km range. Data on productivity was used in two varieties of sunflower (Helio 358 and Aguara 04) grown in different seasons (2007/2008, 2008/2009), under different irrigation levels. Data showed that irrigation resulted in an increase in productivity of both varieties, and the best response was observed for Aguara 04 variety. Moreover, the increased intensity of irrigation negatively affected the energy balance, reducing the ratio between energy produced and energy used in the production chain. The most significant inputs in the energy intake were fertilizer followed by diesel oil, when irrigation was not used for. When the irrigation technique was used, the most significant inputs, in order of representativeness, were: energy, fertilizer and equipment.

Agricultura familiar e produção orgânica: uma análise comparativa considerando os dados dos censos de 1996 e 2006

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar la evolucion y desarrollo de la agricultura familiar en Brasil y en el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, asi como analizar la representatividad de la agricultura ecologica en los ambitos nacional y regional. Se encontro la importancia de la agricultura familiar para el desarrollo socioeconomico, pero bajo uso de la agricultura organica.This paper aims to characterize the evolution and development of family agriculture in Brazil and the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, as well as analyze the representativeness of organic agriculture in the national and regional levels. It was found the importance of family farming for socioeconomic development, but low use of organic agriculture.

Produção de almeirão em função de níveis de fertirrigação nitrogenada e disposição de mangueiras gotejadoras nos canteiros

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes niveis de fertirrigacao nitrogenada na produtividade e nas caracteristicas agronomicas de plantas de almeirao, irrigadas por gotejamento. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo avaliadas nas parcelas duas formas de disposicao das mangueiras gotejadoras (superficialmente sobre o solo do canteiro e subsuperficialmente) e nas subparcelas seis doses de nitrogenio: 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150kg ha-1. A forma de disposicao das mangueiras afetou a producao apenas da massa fresca, com o melhor resultado sendo obtido com a irrigacao subsuperficial. A producao e as caracteristicas agronomicas do almeirao foram influenciadas pelas doses de nitrogenio aplicadas na agua de irrigacao nas duas formas de disposicao das mangueiras nos canteiros. A maior eficiencia financeira da adubacao foi obtida com a dose de 30kg ha-1 de N nas duas formas de disposicao das mangueiras gotejadoras.

Canola yield under different irrigation frequencies and nitrogen levels in the Brazilian Cerrado

ABSTRACT In the Brazilian Cerrado, canola is grown in the off-season. During this period, rainfall is insufficient to ensure the maximum crop yield, and irrigation is needed. Canola has a high demand for nitrogen; thus, the application of this nutrient is essential for obtaining a good crop yield. Therefore, a study was conducted at the Federal University of Grande Dourados in 2012 and 2013 using a randomized block split-plot design with four repetition treatments in the plot that consisted of three irrigation frequencies (no irrigation, weekly irrigation and irrigation three times per week). Subplots received different doses of nitrogen: 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha - 1 in 2012 and 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha -1 in 2013. In both periods, the irrigation frequencies significantly affected plant height, dry weight, grain yield, thousand grain weight and oil content. The nitrogen levels significantly affected dry weight, thousand grain weight and oil content in 2012, as well as plant height, number of pods, dry weight, grain yield and oil yield in 2013. The highest yields were obtained when irrigation was performed three times per week, corresponding to 3,001.84 kg ha

Family farming and organic production: a comparative analysis considering data from census 1996 and 2006

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar la evolucion y desarrollo de la agricultura familiar en Brasil y en el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, asi como analizar la representatividad de la agricultura ecologica en los ambitos nacional y regional. Se encontro la importancia de la agricultura familiar para el desarrollo socioeconomico, pero bajo uso de la agricultura organica.This paper aims to characterize the evolution and development of family agriculture in Brazil and the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, as well as analyze the representativeness of organic agriculture in the national and regional levels. It was found the importance of family farming for socioeconomic development, but low use of organic agriculture.

Agricultura familiar y la agricultura ecológica: un análisis comparativo teniendo en cuenta los datos del censo de 1996 y 2006

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar la evolucion y desarrollo de la agricultura familiar en Brasil y en el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, asi como analizar la representatividad de la agricultura ecologica en los ambitos nacional y regional. Se encontro la importancia de la agricultura familiar para el desarrollo socioeconomico, pero bajo uso de la agricultura organica.This paper aims to characterize the evolution and development of family agriculture in Brazil and the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, as well as analyze the representativeness of organic agriculture in the national and regional levels. It was found the importance of family farming for socioeconomic development, but low use of organic agriculture.